第十二章羧酸衍生物 Carboxylic Acid Derivatives 第一节结构和命名（掌握） 第二节物理性质（自学了解） 第三节化学反应（掌握） 第四节碳酸衍生物和原酸衍生物（自学了解） 第五节油脂、磷脂和蜡（掌握、了解）
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第一节结构和命名（掌握） 一、命名 •酰卤： O2N- 2-氯丁酰氯 苯甲酰溴 对硝基苯甲酰氯 ·酸酐 CH.COUCH 乙酐（醋酐） 乙丙酐 丁二酸酐 (琥珀酸酐)
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Nomenclature of Acyl Halides X Halogen .Name the acyl group and add the word chloride, fluoride,bromide,or iodide as appropriate. .Acyl chlorides are,by far,the most frequently encountered of the acyl halides
Nomenclature of Acyl Halides -Examples acetyl chloride 3-butenoyl chloride B p-fluorobenzoyl bromide
Nomenclature of Acid Anhydrides 'When both acyl groups are the same,name the acid and add the word anhydride .When the groups are different,list the names of the corresponding acids in alphabetical order and add the word anhydride
Nomenclature of Acid Anhydrides Examples acetic anhydride benzoic anhydride CH3 benzoic heptanoic anhydride
酯 H30 0 CH:COC2H5 CH3COCH2- 乙酸乙酯 乙酸苯甲酯 B-甲基-Y丁内酯 ROC.OR OEt OH 丙二酸二乙酯 邻苯二甲酸氢乙酯
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Nomenclature of Acid Esters .name as alkyl alkanoates *cite the alkyl group attached to oxygen first (R') *name the acyl group second;substitute the suffix -ate for the -ic ending of the corresponding acid
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Nomenclature of Acid Esters Examples CH3 ethyl acetate methyl propanoate 2-chloroethyl benzoate