Practical Guide to Diagnostic Imaging DEPARTMENT OF DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING SCHOOL OF RADIOLOGY TAISHAN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY
Practical Guide to Diagnostic Imaging DEPARTMENT OF DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING SCHOOL OF RADIOLOGY TAISHAN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY
CONTENTS i.Course Synopsis ii.Course Objectives iii.Practical classes iv.Lecture v.Tutorial vi.Learning Outcome vii.Course Assessment viii.References
2 2 CONTENTS i. Course Synopsis ii. Course Objectives iii. Practical classes iv. Lecture v. Tutorial vi. Learning Outcome vii. Course Assessment viii. References
3 COURSE SYNOPSIS Welcome to the Semester6 Radiology practicals.In this period you will spend 16 weeks in the Radiology Department.During this period,the aim is for you to grasp adequate knowledge and understanding of basic radiological principles.We hope you can correlate the teaching with the lectures that you have had previously.During the whole 16 weeks of the practical there will be also 10 radiology lectures every Monday aftemnoon. Learning radiology does not stop in this short radiology practical.It is a continuous learning process which started on the first day you enter your clinical years in year 3.In every clinical posting,whether it is Paediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynaecology,Orthopaedics,Surgery,Internal Medicine, Ophthalmology or Anesthesia,there will be things in radiology need to be learned.Our Medical Imaging Program focus on the performance of imaging equipments including X-ray,CT,MRI,digital subtraction angiography(DSA),ultrasound(US),mammography,nuclear medicine(SPECT&PET)and PACS(Picture Archiving Communication System).Medical lmaging Program also offers the diagnostic imaging technologies,such as X-ray,CT,MR,diagnostic medical ultrasound, mammography,nuclear medicine and interventional radiology
3 3 COURSE SYNOPSIS Welcome to the Semester 6 Radiology practicals. In this period you will spend 16 weeks in the Radiology Department. During this period, the aim is for you to grasp adequate knowledge and understanding of basic radiological principles. We hope you can correlate the teaching with the lectures that you have had previously .During the whole 16 weeks of the practical there will be also 10 radiology lectures every Monday afternoon . Learning radiology does not stop in this short radiology practical. It is a continuous learning process which started on the first day you enter your clinical years in year 3. In every clinical posting, whether it is Paediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Orthopaedics, Surgery, Internal Medicine, Ophthalmology or Anesthesia, there will be things in radiology need to be learned. Our Medical Imaging Program focus on the performance of imaging equipments including X-ray, CT, MRI, digital subtraction angiography(DSA), ultrasound(US) , mammography, nuclear medicine(SPECT & PET ) and PACS( Picture Archiving Communication System). Medical Imaging Program also offers the diagnostic imaging technologies ,such as X-ray, CT, MR, diagnostic medical ultrasound , mammography, nuclear medicine and interventional radiology
COURSE OBJECTIVES GENERAL OBJECTIVES The general objectives are for the students: 1.To acquire adequate knowledge and understanding of basic radiological principles,techniques and applications 2.To be able to recognize and interpretbasic,common and emergency radiological abnormalities. 3.To gain exposure as a stimulus for those who would later wish to specialize in the field of radiology and diagnostic imaging. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES The Specific Objectives of the Radiology curriculum are: To understand how a basic radiological examination and film processing are carried out. To learn and understand in principle how various procedures in radiology are performed. To understand the reasons and indications for various radiological examinations and procedures performed. To understand the role of the doctor where radiological investigations or procedures are concerned. To understand the rationale in preparing patients for various radiological examinations such as IVU (intravenous urography),contrast studies, ultrasound,CT and MRI scan. To understand and be aware of complications that may arise from the various procedures in radiology. To know about contrast agents and other drugs fequently used in radiology. To realize and be familiar with the advantages and limitations of radiology in the diagnosis and management of patients. 4
4 4 COURSE OBJECTIVES GENERAL OBJECTIVES The general objectives are for the students: 1. To acquire adequate knowledge and understanding of basic radiological principles, techniques and applications. 2. To be able to recognize and interpret basic, common and emergency radiological abnormalities. 3. To gain exposure as a stimulus for those who would later wish to specialize in the field of radiology and diagnostic imaging. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES The Specific Objectives of the Radiology curriculum are: ⚫ To understand how a basic radiological examination and film processing are carried out. ⚫ To learn and understand in principle how various procedures in radiology are performed. ⚫ To understand the reasons and indications for various radiological examinations and procedures performed. ⚫ To understand the role of the doctor where radiological investigations or procedures are concerned. ⚫ To understand the rationale in preparing patients for various radiological examinations such as IVU (intravenous urography), contrast studies, ultrasound, CT and MRI scan. ⚫ To understand and be aware of complications that may arise from the various procedures in radiology. ⚫ To know about contrast agents and other drugs fequently used in radiology. ⚫ To realize and be familiar with the advantages and limitations of radiology in the diagnosis and management of patients
PRACTICAL CLASSES 1.Basic Principles of Medical Imaging MUST SEE CASES AND GRASPING IMAGING FINDINGS Describe the basic principle of radiography fluoroscopy Describe the basic principle of computed tomography Describe the basic principle of ultrasonography Describe the basic principle of magnetic resonance imaging Describe the basic principle of Nuclear Medicine Describe the basic principle of Interventional radiology(IR) Describe the basic principle of Picture Archiving Communication System 2.Neuroradiology MUST SEE CASES AND GRASPING IMAGING FINDINGS Cerebrovascular Disease: Cerebral infarction, ●Hematoma, Subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH), Intracranial aneurysmArteriovenous malformation Brain neoplasms: Glioma,Meningioma,Pituitary adenoma 5
5 5 PRACTICAL CLASSES 1.Basic Principles of Medical Imaging MUST SEE CASES AND GRASPING IMAGING FINDINGS ⚫ Describe the basic principle of radiography 、fluoroscopy ⚫ Describe the basic principle of computed tomography ⚫ Describe the basic principle of ultrasonography ⚫ Describe the basic principle of magnetic resonance imaging ⚫ Describe the basic principle of Nuclear Medicine ⚫ Describe the basic principle of Interventional radiology(IR) ⚫ Describe the basic principle of Picture Archiving Communication System 2.Neuroradiology MUST SEE CASES AND GRASPING IMAGING FINDINGS Cerebrovascular Disease : ⚫ Cerebral infarction, ⚫ Hematoma, ⚫ Subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH), ⚫ Intracranial aneurysm Arteriovenous malformation Brain neoplasms: ⚫ Glioma, Meningioma, Pituitary adenoma
●cerebral Trauma: Intracranial hematoma, ●Epidural hematoma, ●Subdural hematoma 3.Breast Imaging MUST SEE CASES AND GRASPING IMAGING FINDINGS Benign disease of breast:Fibroma Malignantdisease of breast Hyperplasia of breast ●BreastAbscess 4.Cardiac Imaging MUST SEE CASES AND GRASPING IMAGING FINDINGS Rheumaticheartdisease Hypertensiveheartdisease ●Cardiomyopathy Congenital left to right shunt: Atrial septal defect(ASD) Ventricular septaldefect(VSD) Patentductus arteriosus (PDA) Tetralogy of Fallot(TOF)
6 6 ⚫ cerebral Trauma: ⚫ Intracranial hematoma, ⚫ Epidural hematoma, ⚫ Subdural hematoma 3.Breast Imaging MUST SEE CASES AND GRASPING IMAGING FINDINGS ⚫ Benign disease of breast: Fibroma ⚫ Malignant disease of breast ⚫ Hyperplasia of breast ⚫ Breast Abscess 4.Cardiac Imaging MUST SEE CASES AND GRASPING IMAGING FINDINGS ⚫ Rheumatic heart disease ⚫ Hypertensive heart disease ⚫ Cardiomyopathy ⚫ Congenital left to right shunt : ⚫ Atrial septal defect (ASD) ⚫ Ventricular septal defect (VSD) ⚫ Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) ⚫ Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)
Pulmonary Embolism (PE) 5.Chest Imaging MUST SEE CASES AND GRASPING IMAGING FINDINGS Pulmonary nodule(mass).Single,Multiple. Cavitary nodule.Single,Multiple. ●Pleural effusion. ●Atelectasis Abnormal imaging findings in common chest diseases: ●Foreign body Traumatic chest:Fracture,Pneumothorax,hydropneumothorax. hemothorax Inflammatory diseases Pulmonarytuberculosis Non-tuberculous infection(bacteria,virus,protozoa,fungus) ●Empyema ●Lung abscess Neoplasticdiseases(lung,mediastinum,pleura,)Benign,Malignant 6.Gastrointestinal imaging MUST SEE CASES AND GRASPING IMAGING FINDINGS
7 7 ⚫ Pulmonary Embolism (PE) 5.Chest Imaging MUST SEE CASES AND GRASPING IMAGING FINDINGS ⚫ Pulmonary nodule (mass).Single, Multiple. ⚫ Cavitary nodule.Single, Multiple. ⚫ Pleural effusion. ⚫ Atelectasis Abnormal imaging findings in common chest diseases : ⚫ Foreign body Traumatic chest : Fracture,Pneumothorax, hydropneumothorax, hemothorax Inflammatory diseases ⚫ Pulmonary tuberculosis ⚫ Non-tuberculous infection (bacteria, virus, protozoa, fungus) ⚫ Empyema ⚫ Lung abscess Neoplastic diseases (lung, mediastinum, pleura, ) : Benign, Malignant 6.Gastrointestinal imaging MUST SEE CASES AND GRASPING IMAGING FINDINGS
Congenital anomaly. ●Hiatal hernia. Diaphragmatic hernia Ulceration. ●Benign ●Malignant Tumors Intussusception Acute and chronic cholecystitis ●Liver abscess Acute and chronic pancreatitis Other common conditions ●Biliary calculi Neoplasm Hepatocellular carcinoma ●Metastasis ●Hemangioma ●Liver cyst Carcinomaofthe pancreas ●Cholangiocarcinoma Polyp in the gallbladder
8 8 Congenital anomaly. ⚫ Hiatal hernia. ⚫ Diaphragmatic hernia Ulceration. ⚫ Benign ⚫ Malignant Tumors Intussusception ⚫ Acute and chronic cholecystitis ⚫ Liver abscess ⚫ Acute and chronic pancreatitis ⚫ Other common conditions ⚫ Biliary calculi Neoplasm ⚫ Hepatocellular carcinoma ⚫ Metastasis ⚫ Hemangioma ⚫ Liver cyst ⚫ Carcinoma of the pancreas ⚫ Cholangiocarcinoma ⚫ Polyp in the gallbladder
●Choledochal cyst 7.Genitourinary imaging MUST SEE CASES AND GRASPING IMAGING FINDINGS Obstructive uropathy. Opaque and non-opaque urinary calculi.Nephrolithiasis Infection:Tuberculous infection ●Renal cyst ●Renaltumor Duplication ofthe collecting system ●Polycystic kidney ●Horseshoe kidney ●Bladder tumor ●Prostate cancer Prostate hyperplasia Intrauterine Conceptive Device ●Fibroid ●Endometriosis Ovary Mass:Cystic,Solid,Complex ●Congenital anomaly
9 9 ⚫ Choledochal cyst 7.Genitourinary imaging MUST SEE CASES AND GRASPING IMAGING FINDINGS ⚫ Obstructive uropathy. ⚫ Opaque and non-opaque urinary calculi. Nephrolithiasis ⚫ Infection:Tuberculous infection ⚫ Renal cyst ⚫ Renal tumor ⚫ Duplication of the collecting system ⚫ Polycystic kidney ⚫ Horseshoe kidney ⚫ Bladder tumor ⚫ Prostate cancer ⚫ Prostate hyperplasia ⚫ Intrauterine Conceptive Device ⚫ Fibroid ⚫ Endometriosis ⚫ Ovary Mass：Cystic ,Solid ，Complex ⚫ Congenital anomaly
8.Musculoskeletal System MUST SEE CASES AND GRASPING IMAGING FINDINGS Fracture and dislocation. Types of fracture ·Open vs closed Incomplete vs complete ●Comminuted ●Epiphyseal Common fracture and dislocation of ●Upper extremities ●Lower extremities ●Pelvis ●Union of fracture Infection ●Pyogenic infection Tuberculous infection Common arthritic conditions Degenerative joint disease(osteoarthritis) Rheumatoid arthritis Common bone tumors
10 10 8.Musculoskeletal System MUST SEE CASES AND GRASPING IMAGING FINDINGS Fracture and dislocation. Types of fracture ⚫ Open vs closed ⚫ Incomplete vs complete ⚫ Comminuted ⚫ Epiphyseal Common fracture and dislocation of ⚫ Upper extremities ⚫ Lower extremities ⚫ Pelvis ⚫ Union of fracture Infection ⚫ Pyogenic infection ⚫ Tuberculous infection ⚫ Common arthritic conditions ⚫ Degenerative joint disease (osteoarthritis) ⚫ Rheumatoid arthritis Common bone tumors