Chapter 10
Chapter 10
Function 1-Using Hedging Words 模糊限制语P131 Hedging words can mitigate the assertive degree of speech under conditions of inquiry,assessment and more objective judgment,therefore,leaving some leeway for the speaker and save his face.They are divided into two kinds:
Function 1-Using Hedging Words 模糊限制语 P131 Hedging words can mitigate the assertive degree of speech under conditions of inquiry, assessment and more objective judgment, therefore,leaving some leeway for the speaker and save his face. They are divided into two kinds:
Hedges used to reduce the degree and true value or alter the related scope of an utterance:sort of,kind of,some what,almost,quite,entirely,a little bit some,to some degree,more or less. Hedges made the speaker to judge subjectively what is said:I think,I believe,I assume,I suppose,I am afraid,probably,as far as I can tell,it seems that
Hedges used to reduce the degree and true value or alter the related scope of an utterance: sort of, kind of, some what, almost, quite, entirely, a little bit, some, to some degree, more or less. Hedges made the speaker to judge subjectively what is said: I think, I believe, I assume, I suppose, I am afraid, probably, as far as I can tell, it seems that…
模糊限制语是指一些“把事情弄得模模糊糊的词 语”(G.Lakoff,1972:195)。模糊限制语可 以就话语的真实程度或涉及范围对话语的内容进 行修正，也可以表明说话人对话语内容所作的直 接主观测度，或者提出客观根据，对话语作出间 接的评估。在商务谈判中，谈判人员常常有意使 用各种模糊限制语，特别是当他们在遇到一些不 易作出正确估计或判断的场合或因身份和自己的 面子要勉强发表见解的场合，模糊限制语都可以 帮助他们体面地应付过去，成为他们得力的言语 修辞手段。例如：Anyhow,I am afraid the implications of these two terms are somewhat different.(不管怎么说，恐怕这两个术语的含义 还是有些不同吧。)
模糊限制语是指一些“把事情弄得模模糊糊的词 语”（G.Lakoff，1972：195）。模糊限制语可 以就话语的真实程度或涉及范围对话语的内容进 行修正，也可以表明说话人对话语内容所作的直 接主观测度，或者提出客观根据，对话语作出间 接的评估。在商务谈判中，谈判人员常常有意使 用各种模糊限制语，特别是当他们在遇到一些不 易作出正确估计或判断的场合或因身份和自己的 面子要勉强发表见解的场合，模糊限制语都可以 帮助他们体面地应付过去，成为他们得力的言语 修辞手段。例如：Anyhow，I am afraid the implications of these two terms are somewhat different.（不管怎么说，恐怕这两个术语的含义 还是有些不同吧。）
2 Function 2-Minimizing Exclamation 少用感叹语P131 Minimizing exclamation is powerful in condition of demonstrating merits in the opponent's presence,showing merits and worth,negotiators should attach great importance to the mood and tone, for the arrogant airs probably evoke the opponent's negative assessment such as disagreement,dislike and hostility. As a result,exclamation and imperative sentences should be avoided as much as possible
Function 2-Minimizing Exclamation 少用感叹语 P131 Minimizing exclamation is powerful in condition of demonstrating merits in the opponent’s presence, showing merits and worth, negotiators should attach great importance to the mood and tone, for the arrogant airs probably evoke the opponent’s negative assessment such as disagreement, dislike and hostility. As a result, exclamation and imperative sentences should be avoided as much as possible
少用感叹语气 (Minimizing Exclamation) 在表述自己的优势或长处时，说话者不要神情 得意，文字激昂，口气傲慢，而应在言语表达 上，力求少用感情色彩较浓的感叹句。 了 Eg:What an excellent performance of our equipment!(我们这种设备的性能真是好极 了！) Cf.According to our endusers,the performance of this equipment is excellent. (根据用户反应，这是一种性能良好的设备
少用感叹语气 (Minimizing Exclamation) 在表述自己的优势或长处时，说话者不要神情 得意，文字激昂，口气傲慢，而应在言语表达 上，力求少用感情色彩较浓的感叹句。 Eg : What an excellent performance of our equipment!（我们这种设备的性能真是好极 了！） Cf.According to our endusers，the performance of this equipment is excellent. （根据用户反应，这是一种性能良好的设备。）
What an excellent performance of our equipment! Trough repeated experients,we have at last obtained these data which have been longing for.It's certain no easy job
What an excellent performance of our equipment! Trough repeated experients, we have at last obtained these data which have been longing for. It’s certain no easy job
Chapter 11
Chapter 11
Function 3-Asking and Giving Advice P145 If you want to help or advice:what shall I do?/I'd like your advice on../Do you think I should.../What would you do if your were me? If you're talking to a person you don't know well,you can say:I would appreciate your advice on.../Could I ask some advice on.../I should like to ask... If you don't want to sound too bossy: Might it be an idea to.../Have you ever thought of
Function 3-Asking and Giving Advice P145 If you want to help or advice: what shall I do?/I’d like your advice on../Do you think I should…/What would you do if your were me? If you’re talking to a person you don’t know well, you can say: I would appreciate your advice on…/Could I ask some advice on…/I should like to ask… If you don’t want to sound too bossy: Might it be an idea to…/Have you ever thought of…
More direct ways of making advice:If I were you,I'd like.../Why don't you.../You'd better... If you are going to accept the advice:That's a good idea./That sounds great. If you don't accept the advice:No,I don't think I can do that./Well,perhaps another time./I am not sure that is such a good idea
More direct ways of making advice: If I were you, I’d like…/Why don’t you…/You’d better… If you are going to accept the advice:That’s a good idea./That sounds great. If you don’t accept the advice: No, I don’t think I can do that./Well, perhaps another time./I am not sure that is such a good idea