Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation RT PKKtl+pna[Na l+pccl I F PKK+pna[Na]+pci[cl]
Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation i o o o K K P [ ] P [Na ] P [Cl ] P [ ] P [Na ] P [Cl ] ln F RT V C l i K Na i K Na C l m + + − + + − + + + + =
Experiments Data 20 EXP 100 20 EK=59.51 160 o(mmo/
Experiments Data
Active Ion Pumping NaK-ATPase Pump is electrogenic K equilibrium potential
Active Ion Pumping • Na+ , K+ -ATPase • Pump is electrogenic • K + equilibrium potential
HH方程 I=C+(V-Vk)g n+(V-VNagNa mh+(V-V1gL at n (1-n)-Bn dt am m m dt (1-h)-Bh
H-H 方程 (1 h) h dt dh (1 m) m dt dm (1 n) n dt dn (V V )g n (V V )g m h (V V )g t V I C h h m m n n L L 3 N a N a 4 k k = − − = − − = − − + − + − + − =
Organization of Nerve System Interaction of the Sensory, Motor, and Motivational systems is essential for Even Simple behavior
Organization of Nerve System • Interaction of the Sensory, Motor, and Motivational Systems is Essential for Even Simple Behavior
Prmary motor corte Primary somatic Visual Dorsal column nucle Efferent Afferent
Four principles (1)Relay Centers °(2) distinct Pathways B3) Each Pathway is Topographically Organized 4)Most Pathways Cross the bodys Midline
Four Principles • (1) Relay Centers • (2) distinct Pathways • (3) Each Pathway is Topographically Organized • (4) Most Pathways Cross the Body’s Midline
Motivational ms Sensory systems Motor systems Pnmary Primary Prmary somatic sensory motor cortex contex corex Direct Indirect projection projection Somatic Visual afferent afferent pathway pathway Input from Location and muscles Sonal cord Spinal cord skin and joints of objects Muscles o Reflexes and hand and postural Sensory periphery arm adjustments
Each System Is composed of Several distinct pathways (1) Sensory system (2) Motor system (3)Motivational system
Each System Is Composed of Several Distinct Pathways • (1) Sensory system • (2) Motor system • (3) Motivational system
Development of the Nervous system ( 1)Neural Cell Identity is controlled by Cell Lineage and Inductive Interactions (2 )Axonal Pathways Are Formed in response to Local guidance Cues (3)Synapse Formation at the neuromuscular Junction Involves Inductive interactions Between the motor nerron and the muscle cell ( 4) Survival of Neurons Is regulated by Interactions with Their Targets
Development of the Nervous System • (1) Neural Cell Identity is controlled by Cell Lineage and Inductive Interactions • (2) Axonal Pathways Are Formed in Response to Local Guidance Cues • (3) Synapse Formation at the Neuromuscular Junction Involves Inductive interactions Between the Motor Nerron and the Muscle Cell • (4) Survival of Neurons Is Regulated by Interactions with Their Targets
