IMAGE SENSORS DATA SHEET hiiic FT18 1M Frame Transfer CCD Image Sensor Product specification 2006 December 19 DALSA Professional Imaging DALSA
IMAGE SENSORS DATA SHEET FT18 1M Frame Transfer CCD Image Sensor Product specification 2006 December 19 DALSA Professional Imaging
DALSA Professional maging Product Specification 1M Frame Transfer CCD Image Sensor FT18 2/3-inch optical format 1M active pixels(1024H x 1024V) Progressive scan Excellont antiblooming Variable electronic shuttering Square pixel structure H and V binning 100%optical fill factor High dynamic range (>60dB) VV120 High sensitivity Low dark current and fixed pattern noise Low readout noise Data rate up to 40 MHz Description Frame rate up to 30 Hz The monc Mirrored readout option gh a RoHS compliant (Pb 1 blac Device structure 4. m 17omm 1024 active pixe 1072 1024( secon 1072 cells Output register Figure1-Device structure December19.200
DALSA Professional Imaging Product Specification 1M Frame Transfer CCD Image Sensor FT18 December 19, 2006 2 • 2/3-inch optical format • 1M active pixels (1024H x 1024V) • Progressive scan • Excellent antiblooming • Variable electronic shuttering • Square pixel structure • H and V binning • 100% optical fill factor • High dynamic range (>60dB) • High sensitivity • Low dark current and fixed pattern noise • Low readout noise • Data rate up to 40 MHz • Frame rate up to 30 Hz • Mirrored readout option • RoHS compliant Description The FT18 is a monochrome progressive-scan frame transfer image sensor offering 1K x 1K pixels at 30 frames per second through a single output buffer. The combination of high speed and a high linear dynamic range (>10 true bits at room temperature without cooling) makes this device the perfect solution for high-end real time medical x-ray, scientific, and industrial applications. A second output can be used for mirrored images. The device structure is shown in Figure 1. Device structure Figure 1 - Device structure 1024 active pixels 1 contour line 8 black lines 20 4 Optical size: 7.68 mm (H) x 7.68 mm (V) Chip size: 8.9 mm (H) x 17.0 mm (V) Pixel size: 7.5 µm x 7.5 µm Active pixels: 1024 (H) x 1024 (V) Total no. of pixels: 1072 (H) x 1048 (V) Optical black pixels: Left: 20 Right:20 Timing pixels: Left: 4 Right:4 Dummy register pixels: Left: 7 Right: 7 Contour lines: Bottom: 1 Top: 4 Optical black lines: Bottom: 11 Top: 8 20 Image Section Storage Section Output amplifier 1072 cells Output register 7 7 2096 lines 1024 active lines 4 8 black lines 11 black lines 4 contour lines
Product Specfication 1M Frame Transfer CCD Image Sensor FT18 sectior n the for ve ved by (A1 t0A4)Ae in e nder the fl IMAGE SECTION 007e0m ge clock pins A1.A2.A3.M4 ock phase Number of activeines 1024 SnF per pir of lines 02 lumber of 824 1072 STORAGE SECTION orage clock ph Number of cls per 1072x1046 OUTPUT REGISTER stage source follower) storage tou t register h ntal tr t clock pins 3(C1C3) ap capacity be ighboring C-clocks acity of each RG 215pF (RGL.RGR) December19.00
DALSA Professional Imaging Product Specification 1M Frame Transfer CCD Image Sensor FT18 December 19, 2006 3 Architecture of the FT18 The FT18 consists of a shielded storage section and an open image section. Both sections have the same structure with identical cells and properties. The only difference between the two sections is the optical light shield. The optical centres of all pixels in the image section form a square grid. The charge is generated and integrated in this section. The image section is controlled by four image clocks (A1 to A4). After integration, the image charge is completely shifted to the storage section. The integration time is electronically controlled by charge reset (CR). The storage section is controlled by four storage clocks (B1 to B4). An output register is located below the storage section for readout. The output register has buffers at both ends. This allows either normal or mirrored readout. Transport of the pixels in the output register is controlled by three register clock phases (C1 to C3). The register can be used for vertical binning. Horizontal binning can be achieved by summing pixel charges under the floating diffusion. More information can be found in the application note. Figure 2 shows the detailed internal structure. IMAGE SECTION Image diagonal Aspect ratio Active image width x height Total width x height Pixel width x height Geometric fill factor Image clock pins Capacity of each clock phase Number of active lines Number of contour lines Number of black lines Total number of lines Number of active pixels per line Number of overscan (timing)pixels per line Number of black reference pixels per line Total number of pixels per line 10.9 mm 1:1 7.680 x 7.680 mm2 8.040 x 7.860 mm2 7.5 x 7.5 µm2 100% A1, A2, A3, A4 <3.75nF per pin 1024 4 (top) + 1 (bottom) 8 (top) + 11 (bottom) 1048 1024 8 (2x4) 40 (2x20) 1072 OUTPUT REGISTER Output buffers (three-stage source follower) Number of registers Number of register cells below storage Number of extra cells to output Output register horizontal transport clock pins Capacitance of each C-clock phase Overlap capacity between neighboring C-clocks Reset Gate clock phases Capacity of each RG 2 1 (bidirectional below storage) 1072 2 x 7 3 (C1.C3) <85pF per pin <35pF 2 pins (RGL, RGR) <15pF STORAGE SECTION Storage width x height Cell width x height Storage clock phases Capacity of each B phase Number of cells per line x number of lines 8.040 x 7.860 mm2 7.5 x 7.5 µm2 B1, B2, B3, B4 <4.1nF per pin 1072 x 1048
DALSA Professional maging Product 1M Frame Transfer CCD Image Sensor FT18 12 nes 图 屋 IMAGE 居 FT CCD 图 STORAGE 思 国 1048soageine 3:doc December19.06 4
DALSA Professional Imaging Product Specification 1M Frame Transfer CCD Image Sensor FT18 December 19, 2006 4 Figure 2 - Detailed internal structure A1, A2, A3, A4: clocks of image section B1, B2, B3, B4: clocks of storage section C1, C2, C3: clocks of horizontal register OG: output gate STORAGE IMAGE FT CCD 12 lines 1K active image lines 12 lines One Pixel 1048 storage lines OUTL 7 extra cells 20 black & 4 timing columns 1K image pixels 4 timing & 20 black columns 7 extra cells Column 1 Column 24+1 Column 24+1K Column 24+1K+24 A2 A3 A4 A2 A3 A4 A2 A3 A4 A2 A3 A4 A2 A3 A4 A2 A3 A4 B3 B4 B3 B4 B3 B4 B3 B4 B3 B4 B3 B3 B4 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 B2 B1 B2 B2 B1 B1 B2 B2 B2 B1 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 A2 A3 A4 A2 A3 A4 A2 A3 A4 A2 A3 A4 A2 A3 A4 A2 A3 A4 B3 B3 B3 B4 B3 B4 B3 B4 B3 B3 B4 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 B2 B1 B2 B2 B1 B1 B2 B1 B2 B2 B1 OG C2 C1 C2 C1 C2 C1 C2 C1 C2 C1 C2 C1 C2 C1 C2 C1 C2 C1 C2 C1 C2 C1 C2 C1 OG A1 A1
Product Specfication 1M Frame Transfer CCD Image Sensor FT18 JTE MAXIMUM RATINGS MIN MAX UNIT GENERAL: duringoperation oltage between any two aates +20 DC current through any clock(absolute value) 02 +02 OUT current (no short circuit protection) 0 +6 mA VOLTAGES IN RELATION TO VNS: SFD R -15 +05 All other pins 32 +0.5 VOLTAGES IN RELATION TO VPS: VNS SESO RD 50 All other pins -20 +20 DC CONDITIONS' MIN M TYPICAL [V MAX [V] UNIT VNS N substrate adjusted VPS well 18 0 >> OG Output Gate 5.4 8 RD Reset Drain 12 13 15 AC CLOCK LEVEL CONDITIONS' MIN TYPICAL MAX UNIT MAGE CLCKS (duty cyde-s8) A-clock low level 9.5 0 > Charge Reset (CR)level on A-clocks Charge Pump(CP)level onA-clocks 0 STORAGE CLOCKS(duty cycle 5/8) 95 10 C-clock swing 5 C-clock low level 3 OTHER CLOCKS: 10. December19.00 5
DALSA Professional Imaging Product Specification 1M Frame Transfer CCD Image Sensor FT18 December 19, 2006 5 Specifications ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS MIN MAX UNIT GENERAL: storage temperature -55 +80 ºC ambient temperature during operation -40 +60 ºC voltage between any two gates -20 +20 V DC current through any clock (absolute value) -0.2 +0.2 µA OUT current (no short circuit protection) 0 +6 mA VOLTAGES IN RELATION TO VNS: VPS, SFS -30 +0.5 V SFD -8 +8 V RD -15 +0.5 V All other pins -32 +0.5 V VOLTAGES IN RELATION TO VPS: VNS -0.5 +30 V SFD, RD +0 +30 V SFS -8 +8 V All other pins -20 +20 V DC CONDITIONS1 MIN [V] TYPICAL [V] MAX [V] UNIT VNS2 N substrate 16 adjusted 24 V VPS P well 2 4 6 V SFD Source Follower Drain 18 20 22 V SFS Source Follower Source - 0 - V VCS Current Source Gate -2 0 3 V OG Output Gate 3 5.4 8 V RD Reset Drain 12 13 15 V AC CLOCK LEVEL CONDITIONS1 MIN TYPICAL MAX UNIT IMAGE CLOCKS (duty cycle = 5/8) A-clock swing 9.5 10 - V A-clock low level - 0 - V Charge Reset (CR) level on A-clocks3 - -5 - V Charge Pump (CP) level on A-clocks - 0 - V STORAGE CLOCKS (duty cycle = 5/8) B-clock swing 9.5 10 - V B-clock low level - 0 - V OUTPUT REGISTER CLOCKS (duty cycle = 1/2) C-clock swing - 5 - V C-clock low level - 3 - V OTHER CLOCKS: Reset Gate (RG) swing - 10 12 V Reset Gate (RG) low level - 1 - V 1 All voltages in relation to SFS. 2 To set the VNS voltage for optimal Vertical Antiblooming (VAB), it should be adjustable between minimum and maximum values. 3 Guaranteed charge requires the CR voltage to last at least 1.2µs
Product 1M Frame Transfer CCD Image Sensor FT18 Timing diagrams(for default operation) Min. Typical Max. Unit 0"02e129用399男mm92m00 、-1304t=27.88 B3 B H 20 SsC M surt-Sop C-dooks Piel Timing H- 几几 igur3-Line and pixel timing diagrams December19.0 6
DALSA Professional Imaging Product Specification 1M Frame Transfer CCD Image Sensor FT18 December 19, 2006 6 Timing diagrams (for default operation) Figure 3 – Line and pixel timing diagrams H L H L H L C1 C2 C3 Tp/6 = (1/36MHz)/6 = 4.63ns dum my 1 . . . . . . . dum my 7 black 1 . . . . . . . black 20 timing 1 timing 4 pixel 1 . . . . . . . pixel 1024 timing 1 timing 4 black 1 . . . . . . . black 20 dum my 1 H L RG Tp = 1/36MHz = 27.8ns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . In this figure, charge is transported to the left output buffer (normal readout) by moving it from C1 to C2 to C3 etc. By exchanging the timing of C1 and C2, charge will be transported to the right output buffer (mirrored readout). A1 A2 A3 A4 Phase or pixel count 1100 1110 1120 1130 1140 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 L H L H L H L H B2 B3 B4 B1 L H L H L H L H 19 64 28 37 46 55 32 62 26 44 38 56 20 50 SSC L H 72 1150 0 0 One cycle of the storage gates (during line blanking), moving one line from storage to output register C clocks stopped for 2 microseconds L H PB 0 L H BLC 0 79 79 L H CB 1131 99 1080 pixels until 1152 1/(36MHz) = 27.8ns One charge pumping cycle of the image gates (during line blanking), shifting the charge of one line back and forth Start-Stop C-clocks Pre-Blanking Black Level Clamp Composite Blanking L CR 19 64 Charge Reset H 1.25 microseconds AC Characteristics Min. Typical Max. Unit Horizontal frequency (1/Tp)) Vertical frequency - Line Timing Pixel Timing - 36 750 40 833 MHz kHz
Product Specfication 1M Frame Transfer CCD Image Sensor FT18 Frame Timing o上ehs “L上山L盈题 ⊥L上上⊥L =“L⊥LLLL山L上上L上L上L孤题题 1111111111111 TIIITI盈 TIII “TT十十十TT十门T1T11717磁题 中 Frame Shift Timing p-136MHz=27,8 48Tp70 104710 A3 H 1047104 H B4 Figure 4:Frame Timing Dagrams December19.00
DALSA Professional Imaging Product Specification 1M Frame Transfer CCD Image Sensor FT18 December 19, 2006 7 A2 L H A3 L H A4 L H 1 2 1048 1047 B1 L H B2 L H B3 L H B4 L H 1 2 1048 1047 48 Tp 750kHz 18Tp 30Tp for all A and B clocks, duty cycle = 5/8 1109 1110 1111 1112 1113 1114 1115 1116 1119 1120 1121 1122 . 1250 1 . 26 27 . 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 86 87 1023 1024 CDBBB B B BB D internal LINE counter video E E E E B B BLC BLC B B D D C C 1 line no. A1 A2 A3 A4 L H L H L H L H B1 B2 B3 B4 L H L H L H L H CR BLC SSC PB L H L H L H L H By adding one CR-pulse during the horizontal blanking, the effective integration time is decreased: "electronic shuttering" CB L H CR before nominal integration . . 88 2 charge image (all lines) is moved from image to storage by the image and storage clocks together (see Figure "Frame Shift Timing"). Frame Transfer (FT): Charge Pump (CP): a measure to reduce dark current due to interface states. For details see figure 3 "Line and pixel timing diagrams". Hustle: moving the charge packets of one line from storage to the output register. For details see figure 3 "Line and pixel timing diagrams". Linetime: the C-clocks shift charge packets one-by-one to the selected output buffer. For details see figure 3 "Line and pixel timing diagrams". Black-Level Clamp (BLC): the video processing clamps the black lines to determine its output zero-level. Figure 4: Frame Timing Diagrams Frame Timing Frame Shift Timing Tp=1/(36MHz=27.8ns
Product Specification 1M Frame Transfer CCD Image Sensor FT18 Performance transponore3doutfequengyequals e under the f sible while maintaining 2gates with 10V dock swing ppro 70atG4nnonoramesmequengyquak LINEAR/SATURATION MIN TYPICAL MAX UNIT 11 Quantum efficiency520 nm 22 Quantum efficiency 600 nm 19 Quantum efficiency 800 (near IR) mage lag Uniformity (RNUY 14 Full-well capacity Floating Diffusion (FD) 120 Full-well capacity saturation level (mage 45 Full-well capacity saturation level ()storage y3200K without IRoff fter 58 0.39 Dynamic range 60 63.8 SEC MODE ONLY 29 38 el y@3200 4.6 040 Dynamic range 63.5 dB RMS readout noise 30 40 el _is determined from the low-pass fultered image o be du r condition is:overexposure with a spot with a height of 10%of the image height(approx.100 lines) December19.06 8
DALSA Professional Imaging Product Specification 1M Frame Transfer CCD Image Sensor FT18 December 19, 2006 8 Performance The performance of the FT18 is described using modes of operation with 25fps or 30fps respectively. Measurements for the FT18 are done under the following circumstances (values in brackets apply to the 30fps mode): • VNS is adjusted as low as possible while maintaining proper Vertical Antiblooming • Integration takes place under 2 gates with 10V clock swing during 40ms (33.33ms) • The vertical transport or frame shift frequency equals 750kHz (714kHz) • The horizontal transport or readout frequency equals 36MHz (40MHz) • The RMS readout noise of the output buffers and the FPN are measured in the bandwidth 0.1-18MHz (0.1-20MHz) • The performance in dark is given at a temperature of 318K/45°C. Note that the dark current decreases by a factor of two for every decrease of temperature of approximately 10°C. LINEAR / SATURATION MIN TYPICAL MAX UNIT Overexposure over entire area while maintaining good VAB 300 - - lux Vertical resolution (MTF) @ 67 lp/mm 25 - - % Quantum efficiency @ 450 nm 10 11 - % Quantum efficiency @ 520 nm 21 22 - % Quantum efficiency @ 600 nm 18 19 - % Quantum efficiency @ 800 (near IR) 5 - - % Image lag - 0 - % White Shading1 - - 2.5 % Random Non-Uniformity (RNU)2 - 1.0 1.4 % Full-well capacity Floating Diffusion (FD) 120 - - kel. Full-well capacity saturation level (Qmax) 3 image 40 45 - kel. Full-well capacity saturation level (Qmax) storage 45 - - kel. Full-well capacity saturation level (Qmax) output register4 90 - - kel. 25 FRAMES / SEC MODE ONLY Sensitivity @ 3200K without IR cut-off filter 5.6 5.8 - kel/lux Smear without shutter5 - - 0.39 % Dynamic range 60 63.8 - dB RMS readout noise - 29 38 el 30 FRAMES / SEC MODE ONLY Sensitivity @ 3200K without IR cut-off filter 4.6 4.8 - kel/lux Smear without shutter5 - - 0.40 % Dynamic range 60 63.5 - dB RMS readout noise - 30 40 el 1 White Shading is defined as the ratio of one-σ value of an 8x8 pixel blurred image (low-pass) to the mean signal value. 2 Random Non Uniformity is defined as the ratio of one-σ value of the high-pass image to the mean signal value at nominal light. 3 Qmax is determined from the low-pass filtered image. 4 Qmax of the output register may be increased up to 200kel. In this case, the charge packets of the pixels get mixed in the output register during horizontal transport. This may reduce the number of times that the output register needs to be read out if lines are read out solely to be dumped. 5 The smear condition is: overexposure with a spot with a height of 10% of the image height (approx. 100 lines)
Product Specfication 1M Frame Transfer CCD Image Sensor FT18 Figur5Quantum officncy versus wavelength December19.00 9
DALSA Professional Imaging Product Specification 1M Frame Transfer CCD Image Sensor FT18 December 19, 2006 9 400 500 600 700 800 900 30 20 10 0 Quan ut m Efficiency (%) Wavelength (nm) Figure 5 – Quantum efficiency versus wavelength
Product 1M Frame Transfer CCD Image Sensor FT18 OUTPUT BUFFERS MIN TYPICAL MAX UNIT Conversion factor 85 10 115 uV/el. Supply current 4 mA Bandwidth Output impedance buffer (=3.3ko,=2pF) 400 DARK CONDITION MIN TYPICAL MAX UNIT Dark current 240 Dark condition at 25 frames/sec verage dark signal 56 shading dark curren 矿1025 Vertical shading Fixed Pattem Noise?in dark (FPN) 19 el Dark condition at 30 frames/sec: Average dark sional Shot noise on the dark current onzontal shading () December19.200 10
DALSA Professional Imaging Product Specification 1M Frame Transfer CCD Image Sensor FT18 December 19, 2006 10 OUTPUT BUFFERS MIN TYPICAL MAX UNIT Conversion factor 8.5 10 11.5 µV/el. Supply current - 4 - mA Bandwidth - 110 - MHz Output impedance buffer (Rload=3.3kΩ, Cload=2pF) - 400 - Ω DARK CONDITION MIN TYPICAL MAX UNIT Dark current - - 240 pA/cm2 Black level offset1 - - 25 el Dark condition at 25 frames/sec: Average dark signal - 56 67 el Shot noise on the dark current - - 10 el Horizontal shading - - 25 el Vertical shading - - 66 el Fixed Pattern Noise2 in dark (FPN) - - 19 el Dark condition at 30 frames/sec: Average dark signal - 47 56 el Shot noise on the dark current - - 10 el Horizontal shading - - 25 el Vertical shading - - 56 el Fixed Pattern Noise2 in dark (FPN) - - 19 el 1 Black level offset is defined as the difference in dark signal of a black reference and an active image line. 2 FPN is the one-σ value of the high-pass image