Part5 Coal Chemical Industry辅导 Unit 14 Coal Gasification 课文主要介绍了煤的气化，及其原理、用途和常用方法 1.重点句子 Coal gasification is the process of producing coal gas,a type of syngas-a mixture of carbon monoxide (CO)and hydrogen(H2)gas-from coal. During the reactions mentioned,oxygen and water molecules oxidize the coal and produce a gaseous mixture of carbon dioxide (CO2).carbon monoxide (CO).water vapour (H2O).and molecular hydrogen (H2). If.however,hydrogen is the desired end-product,the coal gas (primarily the Co product)undergoes the water gas shift reaction where more hydrogen is produced by add itional reaction with water vapor 2.在课文中，有几个句子需要做些解释。 (1)Carbon monoxide,which is a combustible gas.was traditionally used as a source of energy for municipal lighting and heat before the advent of industrial-scale production of natural gas,while the hydrogen obtained from gasification can be used for various purposes such as making ammonia,powering a hydrogen economy,or upgrading fossil fuels. 本句为主从复合句，主句为Carbon monoxide was traditionally used as a source of energy for municipal lighting and heat: “which is a combustible gas”为非限制性定语从句，修饰Carbon monoxide "while the hydrogen obtained from gasification can be used for various purposes uhs,,”为表比较的状语从句， “making ammonia”.“powering a hydrogen cconomy”.upgrading fossil fuels" 为并列的三个动名词短语，用以举例说明煤的气化所得的氢气的用途。注意本句 的朝译。 提示请参见教材. (2)It is essential that the oxidizer supplied is insufficient for complete oxidizing (combustion)of the fuel.这里“m”是形式主语，真正的主语是hat引导的从句 "that the oxidizer supplied is insufficient for complete oxidizing(combustion)of the fuel" (3)For low-grade coals (i.e.."brown coals")which contain significant amounts of water,there are technologies in which no steam is required during the reaction,with
Part 5 Coal Chemical Industry 辅导 Unit 14 Coal Gasification 课文主要介绍了煤的气化，及其原理、用途和常用方法。 1．重点句子 Coal gasification is the process of producing coal gas, a type of syngas–a mixture of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H2) gas–from coal. During the reactions mentioned, oxygen and water molecules oxidize the coal and produce a gaseous mixture of carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), water vapour (H2O), and molecular hydrogen (H2). If, however, hydrogen is the desired end-product, the coal gas (primarily the CO product) undergoes the water gas shift reaction where more hydrogen is produced by additional reaction with water vapor 2．在课文中，有几个句子需要做些解释。 (1) Carbon monoxide, which is a combustible gas, was traditionally used as a source of energy for municipal lighting and heat before the advent of industrial-scale production of natural gas, while the hydrogen obtained from gasification can be used for various purposes such as making ammonia, powering a hydrogen economy, or upgrading fossil fuels. 本句为主从复合句，主句为 Carbon monoxide was traditionally used as a source of energy for municipal lighting and heat； “which is a combustible gas”为非限制性定语从句，修饰 Carbon monoxide； “while the hydrogen obtained from gasification can be used for various purposes such as。。。。。。”为表比较的状语从句。 “making ammonia”, “powering a hydrogen economy”, 和“ upgrading fossil fuels” 为并列的三个动名词短语，用以举例说明煤的气化所得的氢气的用途。注意本句 的翻译。 提示请参见教材。 (2) It is essential that the oxidizer supplied is insufficient for complete oxidizing (combustion) of the fuel. 这里“it”是形式主语，真正的主语是 that 引导的从句 “that the oxidizer supplied is insufficient for complete oxidizing (combustion) of the fuel” (3) For low-grade coals (i.e., "brown coals") which contain significant amounts of water, there are technologies in which no steam is required during the reaction, with
coal(carbon)and oxygen being the only reactants.本句包含两个定语从句：which contain significant amounts of water in which no steam is required during the reaction。第一个定语从句，修饰前面的loW-grade coals:第二个定语从句修饰 technologies. 对于含水量较大的劣质煤（即褐煤），可采用反应中不需通水蒸气的气化技术， 在这些反应中反应物只有煤（炭）和氧。 3.New Words gasification [gaesifi'keifan]n.气化 yngs【singaes]n.合成气（指用煤等做原料制成的一氧化碳和氢的混合物 combustible[kamb5tabl]dj.易燃的，可燃的：n.易燃物，可燃物 municipal [mju'nisipal]adj.市政的：地方政府的 advent'edvant】n出现：到来 pgrade[,Ap'greid]vt.升级：提高质量，提高等级 ammonia [a'maun可a]n.氮：氨水 reserves[ri'za:V)vt.保留[储备]某物：n.贮藏，储备：储量 implement ['implimant]vt.实现，完成 convert [kan'va:t)vt.&vi.(使)转变， (使)转化 altematively'ta:nativli)adv.做为选择，二者择一地 external【eks'ta:nlad.外面的。外部的 oxidizer【'ksidaiza)n.氧化剂 am[si:m]n.层，矿层 reactant[ri'ektant]n.反应物 assume【a'sju:m)vt.假定：设想 channel[tenl]n.通道：途径 toxic[oksik]ad..有毒的：因中毒引起的 revive[rI'varv]vt.&vi.恢复，（使）再流行 simultancously[sarmal'terniaslI]adw.同时地 metallurgy'metl,3:d3in.治金学 absorbent[ab'so:bant)ad.能吸收的：n.吸收剂 briquette[bri'ket]n.型煤：煤饼：煤球 competitive [kam'petitiv】adj.竞争的，竞争性的：（价格等）有克争力的 4.Phrases and Expressions hydrogen economy 氢经济
coal (carbon) and oxygen being the only reactants. 本句包含两个定语从句：which contain significant amounts of water 和 in which no steam is required during the reaction。第一个定语从句，修饰前面的 low-grade coals；第二个定语从句修饰 technologies。 对于含水量较大的劣质煤（即褐煤），可采用反应中不需通水蒸气的气化技术， 在这些反应中反应物只有煤（炭）和氧。 3．New Words gasification [ˌɡæsifiˈkeiʃən] n. 气化 syngas [ˈsinɡæs] n. 合成气(指用煤等做原料制成的一氧化碳和氢的混合物) combustible [kəmˈbʌstəbəl] adj.易燃的,可燃的；n. 易燃物,可燃物 municipal [mjuˈnisipəl] adj. 市政的；地方政府的 advent [ˈæ dvənt] n. 出现；到来 upgrade [ˌʌpˈɡreid] vt.升级；提高质量，提高等级 ammonia [əˈməʊnjə] n. 氨；氨水 reserves [riˈzə:v] vt.保留[储备]某物；n. 贮藏， 储备；储量 implement [ˈimplimənt] vt. 实现，完成 convert [kənˈvə:t] vt. & vi. (使)转变, (使)转化 alternatively [ɔ:lˈtə:nətivli] adv.做为选择,二者择一地 external [eksˈtə:nl] adj.外面的, 外部的 oxidizer [ˈɔksidaizə] n. 氧化剂 seam [si:m] n. 层, 矿层 reactant [riˈæktənt] n. 反应物 assume [əˈsju:m] vt. 假定；设想 channel [ˈtʃæ nl] n.通道；途径 toxic [ˈtɔksik] adj.有毒的；因中毒引起的 revive [rɪˈvaɪv] vt. & vi. 恢复,（使）再流行 simultaneously [saɪməlˈteɪnɪəslɪ] adv. 同时地 metallurgy [ˈmetlˌɜ:dʒi:] n. 冶金学 absorbent [əbˈsɔ:bənt] adj. 能吸收的；n. 吸收剂 briquette [briˈket] n. 型煤；煤饼；煤球 competitive [kəmˈpetitiv] adj. 竞争的，竞争性的；(价格等)有竞争力的 4．Phrases and Expressions hydrogen economy 氢经济
fossil fuels 化石燃料：矿物燃料 Fischer-Tropsch process 费托合成过程：费托法 in-situ 就地，在现场 end-product 制成品 pulverized coal粉煤：煤粉（末） water gas shift reaction 水煤气变换反应 thermal destruction 热破坏 Unit 15 Indirect Coal Liquefaction 课文主要介绍了煤的间接液化的概念、原理及步骤。 1.重点句子 Then,this syngas is introduced in a reactor where it undergoes a catalytic reaction. Most of the CO2,which is suspected of causing global warming.can be extracted from the syngas with these techniques (more than 90%of the COz using amine process). 2。在课文中，有几个句子需要做些解释。 (1)The gasification occurs in a reactor called "gasifier",in which the carbon contained in the coal reacts with water (steam is injected in the gasifier)and oxygen (air or pure oxygen is also injected)to form mostly carbon monoxide CO and Hydrogen H2 called“gasifier”:过去分词短语作定语，修饰前面的reactor: in which the carbon contained in the coal reacts with water (steam is injected in the gasifier)and oxygen (air or pure oxygen is also injected)to form mostly carbon monoxide CO and Hydrogen H!非限制性定语从句，修饰gasifier. 本句的铜译参见教材， (2)The catalyst itself is not pure Iron or pure Cobalt,but a complex molecule, containing an oxidation promoter(Potassium K or Zirconium Zr)which initiates the FT reaction,an active metal (Iron,Cobalt,Nickel or Rubidium)which facilitates the FT reaction,a reduction promoter (Platinum Pt or Rubidium Rb)which allows to reactivate the active metal after it has been oxidized,and a support (Oxides of Aluminum,or Titanium). containing an oxidation promoter(Potassium K or Zirconium Zr).-:现在s分词短语作 定语，修饰a complex molecule:在该短语中，动词contain有四个宾语，an oxidation
fossil fuels 化石燃料；矿物燃料 Fischer-Tropsch process 费-托合成过程；费-托法 in-situ 就地，在现场 end-product 制成品 pulverized coal 粉煤；煤粉（末） water gas shift reaction 水煤气变换反应 thermal destruction 热破坏 Unit 15 Indirect Coal Liquefaction 课文主要介绍了煤的间接液化的概念、原理及步骤。 1．重点句子 Then, this syngas is introduced in a reactor where it undergoes a catalytic reaction. Most of the CO2, which is suspected of causing global warming, can be extracted from the syngas with these techniques (more than 90% of the CO2 using amine process). 2．在课文中，有几个句子需要做些解释。 (1)The gasification occurs in a reactor called “gasifier”, in which the carbon contained in the coal reacts with water (steam is injected in the gasifier) and oxygen (air or pure oxygen is also injected) to form mostly carbon monoxide CO and Hydrogen H2. called “gasifier”：过去分词短语作定语，修饰前面的 reactor； in which the carbon contained in the coal reacts with water (steam is injected in the gasifier) and oxygen (air or pure oxygen is also injected) to form mostly carbon monoxide CO and Hydrogen H2：非限制性定语从句，修饰 gasifier。 本句的翻译参见教材。 （2）The catalyst itself is not pure Iron or pure Cobalt, but a complex molecule, containing an oxidation promoter (Potassium K or Zirconium Zr) which initiates the FT reaction, an active metal (Iron, Cobalt, Nickel or Rubidium) which facilitates the FT reaction, a reduction promoter (Platinum Pt or Rubidium Rb) which allows to reactivate the active metal after it has been oxidized, and a support (Oxides of Aluminum, or Titanium). containing an oxidation promoter (Potassium K or Zirconium Zr)…：现在分词短语作 定语，修饰 a complex molecule；在该短语中，动词 contain 有四个宾语：an oxidation
promoter.an active metal,a reduction promoter a support. 翻译参见教材。 (3)The catalyst itself is not pure Iron or pure Cobalt,but a complex molecule, containing an ox idation promoter (Potassium K or Zirconium Zr)which initiates the FT reaction,an active metal (Iron.Cobalt.Nickel or Rubidium)which facilitates the FT reaction.a reduction promoter (Platinum Pt or Rubidium Rb)which allows to reactivate the active metal after it has been oxidized,and a support (Oxides of Aluminum.or Titanium). containing an oxidation promoter(Potassium K or Zirconium Zr)..:现在分词短语作 定语，修饰a complex molecule:在该短语中，动词contain有四个宾语：n oxidation promoter.an active metal.a reduction promoter a support. which initiates the FT reaction:定语从句，修饰an oxidation promoter: which allows to reactivate the active metal after it has been oxidized:定语从句，修 饰a reduction promoter.. 翻译参见教材。 3.New Words liquefaction [likwi'faekfan]n,液化 asifier[gaesifaia)n,气化炉：气化装置 inject [in'd3 ekt]vt.注射：注入 contaminant [ken'taemanant)n.污染物.致污物 scrubber['skrAba】n,煤气洗涤器：气涤器：洗涤塔 optimal'ptamal】adj.最佳的，最优的：最理想的 bitumen [bI'tu:man,-'tju:-,bai-小n.洒青，柏油 ratio['rei几aun.比例，比率 shale [ferl]n.页岩 obsolete[3 bsa'li:t,bbsa,i:t]adj.已不用的：已废年的：过时的 rubidium [ru:'bidiam]n. initiate'nl小eit]vt.开始：发起 promoter[pra'muta]n.助催化剂：助剂 facilitate [fa'siliteit)vt.促进：推进，助长反应、功效等) aluminum【a'lu:manam]n,铝 titanium[taI'terni:am,t红-]n.钛 reactivate[ri:'ekta,vert]vt.使恢复话动：重起作用 upport【s3'p)t)几，支撑物：载体
promoter，an active metal，a reduction promoter 和 a support。 翻译参见教材。 （3）The catalyst itself is not pure Iron or pure Cobalt, but a complex molecule, containing an oxidation promoter (Potassium K or Zirconium Zr) which initiates the FT reaction, an active metal (Iron, Cobalt, Nickel or Rubidium) which facilitates the FT reaction, a reduction promoter (Platinum Pt or Rubidium Rb) which allows to reactivate the active metal after it has been oxidized, and a support (Oxides of Aluminum, or Titanium). containing an oxidation promoter (Potassium K or Zirconium Zr)…：现在分词短语作 定语，修饰 a complex molecule；在该短语中，动词 contain 有四个宾语：an oxidation promoter，an active metal，a reduction promoter 和 a support。 which initiates the FT reaction：定语从句，修饰 an oxidation promoter； which allows to reactivate the active metal after it has been oxidized：定语从句，修 饰 a reduction promoter。 翻译参见教材。 3．New Words liquefaction [ˌlikwiˈfækʃən] n. 液化 gasifier [ˈɡæsifaiə] n.气化炉；气化装置 inject [inˈdʒekt] vt. 注射；注入 contaminant [kənˈtæmənənt] n. 污染物,致污物 scrubber [ˈskrʌbə] n. 煤气洗涤器；气涤器；洗涤塔； optimal [ˈɔptəməl] adj. 最佳的,最优的；最理想的 bitumen [bɪˈtu:mən, -ˈtju:-, baɪ-] n. 沥青,柏油 ratio [ˈreiʃiəu] n. 比例，比率 shale [ʃeɪl] n. 页岩 obsolete [ˌɔbsəˈli:t, ˈɔbsəˌli:t] adj. 已不用的；已废弃的；过时的 rubidium [ru:ˈbidiəm] n. 铷 initiate [iˈniʃieit] vt. 开始；发起 promoter [prəˈməʊtə] n. 助催化剂；助剂 facilitate [fəˈsiliteit] vt. 促进； 推进，助长(反应、功效等) aluminum [əˈlu:mənəm] n. 铝 titanium [taɪˈteɪni:əm, tɪ-] n. 钛 reactivate [ri:ˈæktəˌveɪt] vt. 使恢复活动；重起作用 support [səˈpɔ:t] n. 支撑物；载体
4.Phrases and Expressions indirect coal liquefaction煤炭的间接液化 gas sweetening气体脱疏：煤气脱破 acid gas removal酸性气体脱除 Carbon Capture and Storage碳捕捉和储存（技术） Unit 16 Coal Coking 课文主要介绍了煤的焦化的概念、原理及步骤。 1.重点句子 From about 375C to 475C,the coal decomposes to form plastic layers near each wall. At about 475C to 600C,there is a marked evolution of tar,and aromatic hydrocarbon compounds,followed by re-solidification of the plastie mass into semi-coke. 2。在课文中，有几个句子需要做些解释。 (1)The coking process consists of heating coal in the absence of air to drive off the volatile compounds;the resulting coke is a hard,but porous carbon material that is used for reducing the iron in the blast furnace.这里“in the absence of”译为：缺 乏..的情况下：“drive off”译为除去：“blast fumnace'”译为高炉，鼓风护。 that is used for reducing the iron in the blast fumace:定语从句，修饰前面的carbon material. (2)The carbonization process takes place from the top by radiant heat transfer and from the bottom by conduction of heat through the sole floor.radiant heat transfer可译为辐射传热或热辐射：conduction of heat可译为热传导. 3.New Words coking ['kaukin]n.炼焦：结焦：焦化 coke[kauk]n.焦，焦炭，焦煤vt.把炼成焦炭：vi.炼成焦炭 ovem'van]n.焦炉 absence「ebsans】n.缺乏，不存在 oous['pra5,'paUr-】adj.有孔的：多孔的：琥松的 constituent[kan'stit可juant]n.成分：组分ad.构成的，组成的
4．Phrases and Expressions indirect coal liquefaction 煤炭的间接液化 gas sweetening 气体脱硫；煤气脱硫 acid gas removal 酸性气体脱除 Carbon Capture and Storage 碳捕捉和储存（技术） Unit 16 Coal Coking 课文主要介绍了煤的焦化的概念、原理及步骤。 1．重点句子 From about 375°C to 475°C, the coal decomposes to form plastic layers near each wall. At about 475°C to 600°C, there is a marked evolution of tar, and aromatic hydrocarbon compounds, followed by re-solidification of the plastic mass into semi-coke. 2．在课文中，有几个句子需要做些解释。 (1) The coking process consists of heating coal in the absence of air to drive off the volatile compounds; the resulting coke is a hard, but porous carbon material that is used for reducing the iron in the blast furnace. 这里“in the absence of”译为：缺 乏。。。的情况下；“drive off”译为除去；“blast furnace”译为高炉，鼓风炉。 that is used for reducing the iron in the blast furnace：定语从句，修饰前面的 carbon material。 （2）The carbonization process takes place from the top by radiant heat transfer and from the bottom by conduction of heat through the sole floor. 这里 radiant heat transfer 可译为辐射传热或热辐射；conduction of heat 可译为热传导。 3．New Words coking [ˈkəukiŋ] n.炼焦；结焦；焦化 coke [kəʊk] n. 焦,焦炭,焦煤 vt. 把…炼成焦炭；vi. 炼成焦炭 oven [ˈʌvən] n. 焦炉 absence [ˈæ bsəns] n.缺乏, 不存在 porous [ˈpɔ:rəs, ˈpəʊr-] adj. 有孔的；多孔的；疏松的 constituent [kənˈstitjuənt] n.成分；组分 adj. 构成的，组成的
combustion [kam'bAstfan]n.燃烧：燃烧过程 carbonization,ka:banai'zeifan]n.碳化（作用），干馏.碳化物 pulverize「plva,raIz]vt.将…弄碎，将…养成粉末或尘埃 charge[a:d]t.&vi填料，装料：使充满n炉料，填料 recover[ri'kAva]rt,&vi.回收：恢复：再生 plastic mass n。胶质体：烟煤热分解过程中生成的可塑液相物，通常是受热变 化后的煤粒、热解产物聚集在一起形成的气、液、固三相共存的 混合物 semi-coke n.半焦炭 contraction[kan'traekfan]n,收缩 evolution[,:va'lu:Jan]n,(气体等的)放出：散出：放出物，散出物 chamber ['tfeimba]n.燃烧室：炭化室 flue [flu】n.烟道：火道，烟气 adjacent【a'd3 eisant]adj.邻近的：相邻的 decompose [di:kam'pauz]vt.&vi.(使)分解 incandescent【,Inkan'desant]adj.白热的：炽热的 quench[kwent门vt.淬火，淬灭，急冷 blast[bla:st]n.高炉 beehive ovens蜂巢焦炉：蜂窝式炉 pusher【pu∫a】n.推杆：推料机：推出器 sole[saul]adj.单独的，惟一的：n.脚底（板）；底部 tunnel['tAnal]n.通道，隧道，风洞 域ak[st王kn.堆，垛：大烟卤 natural draft自然通风：自然抽风 yield Ui:ld]vt.&vi.生产，出产；n.产量：产率；产物 4.Phrases and Expressions sole flue小烟道：底烟道 charge level料位 plastic layers胶质层 by-product plant副产品回收装置 of-gas废气：尾气：出口气 bulk density体积密度：堆积密度：容积密度 reducin唱a时nosphere还原（性）气氛（与被处理物发生还原反应的气氛） coke oven batteries焦炉
combustion [kəmˈbʌstʃən] n. 燃烧；燃烧过程 carbonization [ˌkɑ:bənaiˈzeiʃən] n. 碳化（作用）,干馏,碳化物 pulverize [ˈpʌlvəˌraɪz] vt. 将…弄碎,将…弄成粉末或尘埃 charge [tʃɑ:dʒ] vt. & vi. 填料，装料；使充满 n. 炉料，填料 recover [riˈkʌvə] vt. & vi. 回收；恢复；再生 plastic mass n. 胶质体；烟煤热分解过程中生成的可塑液相物，通常是受热变 化后的煤粒、热解产物聚集在一起形成的气、液、固三相共存的 混合物 semi-coke n. 半焦炭 contraction [kənˈtrækʃən] n. 收缩 evolution [ˌi:vəˈlu:ʃən] n. (气体等的)放出；散出；放出物,散出物 chamber [ˈtʃeimbə] n. 燃烧室；炭化室 flue [flu:] n. 烟道；火道；烟气 adjacent [əˈdʒeisənt] adj. 邻近的；相邻的 decompose [ˌdi:kəmˈpəʊz] vt. & vi. （使）分解 incandescent [ˌɪnkənˈdesənt] adj. 白热的；炽热的 quench [kwentʃ] vt. 淬火，淬灭，急冷 blast [blɑ:st] n.高炉 beehive ovens 蜂巢焦炉；蜂窝式炉 pusher [ˈpuʃə] n. 推杆；推料机；推出器 sole [səul] adj. 单独的, 惟一的；n.脚底（板）；底部 tunnel [ˈtʌnəl] n. 通道，隧道, 风洞 stack [stæ k] n. 堆, 垛；大烟囱 natural draft 自然通风；自然抽风 yield [ji:ld] vt. & vi. 生产, 出产；n. 产量；产率；产物 4．Phrases and Expressions sole flue 小烟道；底烟道 charge level 料位 plastic layers 胶质层 by-product plant 副产品回收装置 off-gas 废气；尾气；出口气 bulk density 体积密度；堆积密度；容积密度 reducing atmosphere 还原（性）气氛（与被处理物发生还原反应的气氛） coke oven batteries 焦炉
考试重点 1.Phrases and Expressions 2.Important sentences 相关热习 相关练习见主教材每单元后的练习题
考试重点 1． Phrases and Expressions 2． Important sentences 相关练习 相关练习见主教材每单元后的练习题