Part 2 Fine Chemicals轴导 Unit 5:Soapsand Detergents 课文主要介绍了肥皂和洗涤剂的结构特点、不同性以及两者的制造过程。 1.重点句子 (1)However,there is a significant difference between them,soaps are produced from natural products,and detergents are synthetic,or man-made. (2)A soap molecule consists of a long hydrocarbon chain with a carboxylic acid group on one end which is ionic bonded to a metal ion,usually a sodium or potassium. (3)The hydrocarbon end is non-polar and is soluble in non-polar substances (such as fats and oils),and the ionic end (the salt of a carboxylic acid)is soluble in water. (4)Detergents use a synthetic surfactant in place of the metal fatty acid salts used in 501ps 2.在课文中，有几个句子需要做些解释， (1)A soap molecule consists of a long hydrocarbon chain with a carboxylic acid group on one end which is ionic bonded to a metal ion,usually a sodium or potassium. 句中consists of意为“由构成”，hydrocarbon chain意为“碳氢链”，carboxylic acid group意为“羧酸基团“，metal ion意为“金属离子”，注意本句的翻译。 提示请参见教材。 (2)Soap is not very soluble in salt water,whereas glycerine is,so salt is added to the wet soap causing it to separate out into soap and glycerine in salt water. 句中causing it to separate out into soap and glycerine in salt water是动名词作伴0 状语，注意本句的翻译。 提示请参见教材： (3)s the ingredients are added the mixture heats up as a result of two exothermic reactions:the hydration of sodium tripolyphosphate and the reaction between caustic soda and linear alkylbenzenesulphonic acid. 句中hetp意为加热，exothermic reactions意为“放热反应”，注意本句的翻译。 提示请参见教材， 4.The resultant powder is known as "base powder",and its exact treatment from this point on depends on the product being made. 句中base powder意为“基粉”，be known as意为“被认为是”，注意本句的翻译
Part 2 Fine Chemicals 辅导 Unit 5: Soaps and Detergents 课文主要介绍了肥皂和洗涤剂的结构特点、不同性以及两者的制造过程。 1．重点句子 (1)However, there is a significant difference between them; soaps are produced from natural products, and detergents are synthetic, or man-made. (2) A soap molecule consists of a long hydrocarbon chain with a carboxylic acid group on one end which is ionic bonded to a metal ion, usually a sodium or potassium. (3) The hydrocarbon end is non-polar and is soluble in non-polar substances (such as fats and oils), and the ionic end (the salt of a carboxylic acid) is soluble in water. (4) Detergents use a synthetic surfactant in place of the metal fatty acid salts used in soaps. 2．在课文中，有几个句子需要做些解释。 (1)A soap molecule consists of a long hydrocarbon chain with a carboxylic acid group on one end which is ionic bonded to a metal ion, usually a sodium or potassium. 句中 consists of 意为“由..….构成”，hydrocarbon chain 意为“碳氢链”，carboxylic acid group 意为“羧酸基团”，metal ion 意为“金属离子”，注意本句的翻译。 提示请参见教材。 (2) Soap is not very soluble in salt water, whereas glycerine is, so salt is added to the wet soap causing it to separate out into soap and glycerine in salt water. 句中 causing it to separate out into soap and glycerine in salt water 是动名词作伴随 状语，注意本句的翻译。 提示请参见教材。 (3)As the ingredients are added the mixture heats up as a result of two exothermic reactions: the hydration of sodium tripolyphosphate and the reaction between caustic soda and linear alkylbenzenesulphonic acid. 句中 heat up 意为加热，exothermic reactions 意为“放热反应”，注意本句的翻译。 提示请参见教材。 4. The resultant powder is known as “base powder”, and its exact treatment from this point on depends on the product being made. 句中 base powder 意为“基粉”，be known as 意为“被认为是”，注意本句的翻译
提示请参见教材. 3.New Words detergent[dita:d3ant)n.洗涤剂、去垢剂 property[propati]n.性质，特性 ynthetic[sin'Betik]ad.合成的 chain[tfein]n.链 carboxylic [ka:bk'silik]adj.羧基的 potassium [pa'taesi:am]n. polar['paula】n.极性 portion ['po:Jan]n.部分 glycerine ['glrsari:n]n.甘油，丙三醇 saponification[saponifi'keifan]n.皂化 tallow ['taelau】n。动物脂 cooonut ['kaukanAt]n.梯子 laundry[b:ndri]n.洗衣服 fabric['faebrik]n.织物 sumy'slri川n,浆体 exothermic Leksau日a:mlk]ad.放热的 tripolyphosphate[trai,pli'f力sfeit]n,三聚磷酸盐 homogeneous[,hma'd3i:njas]adj.均匀的 deaerate [di'elareit]t.从（液体）中除去气泡 chamber ['tfeimba】n.室 droplet [droplit]n.小滴 fluidiser[flu:idaiza)n.疏化反应器 premix[pr:mlks]n.顶混合液 enzyme ['enzarm]n.酶 4.Phrases and Expressions ty acid脂肪酸 hydrocarbon chain碳氢链 carboxylic acid group羧酸基团 non-polar substances非极性物质 water-oluble substances水溶性物质 coconut oil博子汁 exothermic reactions放热反应 sodium tripolyphosph:ae三聚磷酸销
提示请参见教材。 3．New Words detergent [diˈtə:dʒənt] n. 洗涤剂、去垢剂 property [ˈprɔpəti] n. 性质、特性 synthetic [sinˈθetik] adj. 合成的 chain [tʃein] n. 链 carboxylic [ˌkɑ:bɔkˈsilik] adj. 羧基的 potassium [pəˈtæ si:əm] n. 钾 polar [ˈpəulə] n. 极性 portion [ˈpɔ:ʃən] n. 部分 glycerine [ˈglɪsəri:n] n. 甘油，丙三醇 saponification [səpɔnifiˈkeiʃən] n. 皂化 tallow [ˈtæləu] n. 动物脂 coconut [ˈkəukənʌt] n. 椰子 laundry [ˈlɔ:ndri] n. 洗衣服 fabric [ˈfæbrik] n. 织物 slurry [ˈslə:ri] n. 浆体 exothermic [ˌeksəuˈθə:mik] adj. 放热的 tripolyphosphate [traiˌpɔliˈfɔsfeit] n. 三聚磷酸盐 homogeneous [ˌhɔməˈdʒi:njəs] adj. 均匀的 deaerate [diˈeiəreit] vt.从（液体）中除去气泡 chamber [ˈtʃeimbə] n. 室 droplet [ˈdrɔplit] n. 小滴 fluidiser [ˈflu:idaizə] n. 硫化反应器 premix [pri:ˈmiks] n. 预混合液 enzyme [ˈenzaɪm] n. 酶 4．Phrases and Expressions fatty acid 脂肪酸 hydrocarbon chain 碳氢链 carboxylic acid group 羧酸基团 non-polar substances 非极性物质 water-soluble substances 水溶性物质 coconut oil 椰子汁 exothermic reactions 放热反应 sodium tripolyphosphate 三聚磷酸钠
linear alkylbenzenesulphonic acid线性烷基苯请酸 potassium hydroxide氢氧化钾 考试重点 5.Phrases and Expressions 6.Important sentences 想关燕习 相关练习见主教材每小节后的练习题 练习答塞 Exercises 1.Translate the expressions (l)fatty acid脂防酸 (2)hydrocarbon chain碳氢链 (③)carboxylic acid group搜酸基团 (4)non-polar substances非极性物质 (S)水溶性物质water-.soluble substances (6)椰子汁c0 onut oil (T)放热反应exothermic reactions (8)三聚磷酸钠sodium tripolyphosphate (9例线性烷基苯锖酸linear alkylbenzenesulphonic acid (IO)氢氧化钾potassium hydroxide 2.Translate the items listed in the graphs below
linear alkylbenzenesulphonic acid 线性烷基苯磺酸 potassium hydroxide 氢氧化钾 考试重点 5．Phrases and Expressions 6．Important sentences 相关练习 相关练习见主教材每小节后的练习题 练习答案 Exercises 1. Translate the expressions (1) fatty acid 脂肪酸 (2) hydrocarbon chain 碳氢链 (3) carboxylic acid group 羧酸基团 (4) non-polar substances 非极性物质 (5) 水溶性物质 water-soluble substances (6) 椰子汁 coconut oil (7) 放热反应 exothermic reactions (8) 三聚磷酸钠 sodium tripolyphosphate (9) 线性烷基苯磺酸 linear alkylbenzenesulphonic acid (10) 氢氧化钾 potassium hydroxide 2. Translate the items listed in the graphs below
0 CH(CH:)CH:-O-S-O Na' a sodium alkyl sulfate 0 CH CHCH:LCH -O"Na' a sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate 0 CH-OH CH(CH:)CH:-C-O-CH:-C -CHOH a glycerol (a non-anoi detergent) CHOH 答案：a sodiumalkyl sulfate烷基磺酸钠：a sod iumalkylbenzene sulfate烷基苯磺 酸钠 a glycerol(a non-inoic detergent)丙三醇（非离子洗涤剂】 3.Sentence scramble (1)洗涤剂在结构和功能上与肥皂相似。 similar,detergents,are,structure,in,to,function,soap.and 答案：Detergents are similar in structure and function to soap. 2)肥皂制造业是最早的化工产业之一· soap.of.the,one of.manufacture,chemical industries,the,is,oldest 答案：The manufacture of soap is one of the oldest chemical industries ()所有的肥皂和洗涤剂都含有表面活性剂作为其活性组分。 soaps,contain.surfactant,their.and,all.a,active.detergents,ingredient,as All soaps and detergents contain a surfactant as their active ingredient. (4)肥皂生产的实质是皂化反应， essence,soap,is,saponification,the,of,production,the,reaction 答案：The essence of soap production is the saponification reaction (5)很难具体地说出肥皂的发明时间。 hard,say,soap,first,is,invented,it,to,when,wias 答案：It is hard to say when soap was first invented 4.Make use of the following key words to write down a essay. 使用含磷洗涤剂时，挂放的废水是一个问题。洗涤废水中含原化合物分解生 成可被生物利用的磷，将导政废水中磷过量，从而破坏水环境的生态平衡。 disposal.issue.breakdown.complexes.available.contribute to.imbalance. ecosystem
CH3(CH2)nCH2 O S O O O Na CH3(CH2)nCH S O O O Na CH3 CH3(CH2)nCH2 C O O CH2 C CH2OH CH2OH CH2OH a sodium alkyl sulfate a sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate a glycerol (a non-inoic detergent) 答案: a sodiumalkyl sulfate 烷基磺酸钠；a sodiumalkylbenzene sulfate 烷基苯磺 酸钠 a glycerol(a non-inoic detergent) 丙三醇（非离子洗涤剂） 3. Sentence scramble (1)洗涤剂在结构和功能上与肥皂相似。 similar, detergents, are, structure, in, to, function,soap, and 答案：Detergents are similar in structure and function to soap. (2)肥皂制造业是最早的化工产业之一。 soap, of, the, one of, manufacture, chemical industries, the, is, oldest 答案：The manufacture of soap is one of the oldest chemical industries (3) 所有的肥皂和洗涤剂都含有表面活性剂作为其活性组分。 soaps, contain, surfactant, their, and, all, a, active, detergents, ingredient, as 答案：All soaps and detergents contain a surfactant as their active ingredient. (4) 肥皂生产的实质是皂化反应。 essence, soap, is, saponification, the, of, production, the, reaction 答案：The essence of soap production is the saponification reaction. (5) 很难具体地说出肥皂的发明时间。 hard, say, soap, first, is, invented, it, to, when, was 答案：It is hard to say when soap was first invented. 4. Make use of the following key words to write down a essay. 使用含磷洗涤剂时，排放的废水是一个问题。洗涤废水中含磷化合物分解生 成可被生物利用的磷，将导致废水中磷过量，从而破坏水环境的生态平衡。 disposal, issue, breakdown, complexes, available, contribute to, imbalance, ecosystem
When phosphate detergents are used,disposal of the wastewater is an issue.The breakdown of phosphorus complexes in detergent wastewater creates freely available phosphates;these can contribute to an oversupply of phosphate in waterways and cause an imbalance of the aquatic ecosystem. Unit 6:Dye 课文主要介绍了有机染料的基本结构、常见的生色团和助色团以及食品添加剂的 危害性。 1.重点句子 (1M dye can generally be described as a colored substance that has an affinity to the substrate to which it is being applied. (2)Correlation of chemical structure with color has been accomplished in the synthesis of dye using a chromogen-chromophore with auxochrome. (3)Dyes are synthesized in a reactor,filtered,dried,and blended with other additives to produce the final product. (4)Food dyes can be direct,mordant and vat dyes,and their use is strictly controlled by legislation 2.在课文中，有几个句子需要做些解释。 (1)Some dyes can be precipitated wth an inert salt to produce a lake pigment,and based on the salt used they could be aluminum lake.calcium lake or barium lake pigments. 句中be precipitated with是“与.发生沉淀”，inert salt意为惰性盐，注意本句 的短译， 提示请参见教材. (2)Resonance structures that cause displacement or appearance of absorption bands in the visible spectrum of light are responsible for color 句中resonance structures意为“共振结构”，absorption band意为“吸收带”，注 意本句的翻译
答案：When phosphate detergents are used, disposal of the wastewater is an issue. The breakdown of phosphorus complexes in detergent wastewater creates freely available phosphates; these can contribute to an oversupply of phosphate in waterways and cause an imbalance of the aquatic ecosystem. Unit 6: Dye 课文主要介绍了有机染料的基本结构、常见的生色团和助色团以及食品添加剂的 危害性。 1．重点句子 (1)A dye can generally be described as a colored substance that has an affinity to the substrate to which it is being applied. (2) Correlation of chemical structure with color has been accomplished in the synthesis of dye using a chromogen-chromophore with auxochrome. (3) Dyes are synthesized in a reactor, filtered, dried, and blended with other additives to produce the final product. (4) Food dyes can be direct, mordant and vat dyes, and their use is strictly controlled by legislation 2．在课文中，有几个句子需要做些解释。 (1) Some dyes can be precipitated with an inert salt to produce a lake pigment, and based on the salt used they could be aluminum lake, calcium lake or barium lake pigments. 句中 be precipitated with 是“与…..发生沉淀”，inert salt 意为惰性盐，注意本句 的翻译。 提示请参见教材。 (2)Resonance structures that cause displacement or appearance of absorption bands in the visible spectrum of light are responsible for color. 句中 resonance structures 意为“共振结构”，absorption band 意为“吸收带”，注 意本句的翻译
提示请参见教材： (3)A chromophore group is a color giver and is represented by the following radicals, which form a basis for the chemical classification of dyes when coupled with the chromogen:azo (-N-N-carbonyl (=C-O).carbon(-C-C-):carbon-nitrogen (>C=NH or -CH=N-):nitroso (-NO or N-OH):nitro (-NO2or =NO-OH)and sulfur (>C=S.and other carbon-sulfur groups). 句中chromophore group意为“生色团”，ao,carbonyl,.carbon等都是相应的有 机基团。注意本句的翻译。 提示请参见教材， 3.New Words ub过nmte'sAb.strert)n,基底，衬底 mordant ['mo:dnt]n,媒染剂 pigment['prgmant)]n.(粉状)颜料 preferential[.prefa'renfal】ad山.优先的，有倾向性的 precipita诚e[pr'sipiteit]M.沉淀 aluminum [a'lu:manam]n. xarium['beariam]n.钡 mauveine[mauven]n.苯胺素 resonance'rezanans]n,共振 correlation[ko:ra'ler∫an,kor-]n.相互的关系 chromogen ['kraumad3ann.发色团 auxochrome3:ksakraum]n,助色团 naphthalene ['naefeali:n]n. anthracene[王n0rasi:n]n.葱 impart[m'pat]t,给子 yon['repn]n.人造纤谁 via[vaia】prep.经由，凭借 amphoteric[,emfa'terik]ad可j.两性的 chrome [kraum)n.铬 molybdenum【ma'libdinam]n.钼 fumish【fa:ni门vt.提供，供给 sulfonation[,sAlf3'neifan]n.罐化(f作用) halogenation [haelad3a'neifan]n.南化 dia2oti2atin【dai,起zatai'zeifan]n.重氮化f作用
提示请参见教材。 (3)A chromophore group is a color giver and is represented by the following radicals, which form a basis for the chemical classification of dyes when coupled with the chromogen: azo (–N=N–); carbonyl (=C=O); carbon(=C=C=); carbon-nitrogen (>C=NH or –CH=N–); nitroso (–NO or N–OH); nitro (–NO2 or =NO–OH);and sulfur (>C=S, and other carbon-sulfur groups). 句中 chromophore group 意为“生色团”，azo，carbonyl，carbon 等都是相应的有 机基团。注意本句的翻译。 提示请参见教材。 3．New Words substrate [ˈsʌbˌstreɪt] n. 基底，衬底 mordant [ˈmɔ:dnt] n. 媒染剂 pigment [ˈpɪgmənt] n.（粉状）颜料 preferential[ˌprefəˈrenʃəl] adj. 优先的，有倾向性的 precipitate [priˈsipiteit] vi. 沉淀 aluminum [əˈlu:mənəm] n. 铝 barium [ˈbɛəriəm] n. 钡 mauveine [məʊvən]n. 苯胺紫 resonance [ˈrezənəns] n.共振 correlation [ˌkɔ:rəˈleɪʃən, ˌkɔr-] n. 相互的关系 chromogen [ˈkrəumədʒən] n. 发色团 auxochrome [ˈɔ:ksəkrəum] n. 助色团 naphthalene [ˈnæfθəli:n] n. 萘 anthracene [ˈænθrəsi:n] n. 蒽 impart [imˈpɑ:t] vt. 给予 rayon [ˈreɪɔn] n.人 造纤维 via [ˈvaiə] prep.经由，凭借 amphoteric [ˌæmfəˈterik] adj. 两性的 chrome [krəʊm] n. 铬 molybdenum [məˈlibdinəm] n. 钼 furnish [ˈfə:niʃ] vt. 提供，供给 sulfonation[ˌsʌlfəˈneiʃən] n. 磺化（作用） halogenation [hæ lədʒəˈneiʃən] n. 卤化 diazotization [daiˌæzətaiˈzeiʃən] n. 重氮化作用
coupling['kaplin]n.耦合 crystallization[kristalai'zeifan]n.结品化 anthraquinone [,aen0 rakwi'naun)n.德程 triphenylmethane'tral,fi:nil'me0ein]n.三苯甲慌 4.Phrases and Expressions lake pigment色淀染料 side chain支链 resonance structures共振结构 absorption bands吸收带 acetate rayon乙酸纤维素 cellulose acetate醋酸纤维 metallic compounds金属化合物 Vat dyes还原染料 food additives食品添加剂 ynthetic fibers合成纤推 考试重点 5.Phrases and Expressions 6.Important sentences 粗关练习 相关练习见主教材每小节后的练习题 篮习答塞 Exereises I.Translate the expressions (I)lake pigment色淀染料 (2)side chain支链 (3)resonance structures共振结构 (4)absorption bands吸收带 (5)etate rayon乙酸纤维素 (6)醋酸纤维cellulose acetate (7)金属化合物metallic compounds
coupling [ˈkʌpliŋ] n. 耦合 crystallization[ˈkristəlaiˈzeiʃən] n. 结晶化 anthraquinone [ˌænθrəkwiˈnəun] n. 蒽醌 triphenylmethane [ˈtraiˌfi:nilˈmeθein] n. 三苯甲烷 4．Phrases and Expressions lake pigment 色淀染料 side chain 支链 resonance structures 共振结构 absorption bands 吸收带 acetate rayon 乙酸纤维素 cellulose acetate 醋酸纤维 metallic compounds 金属化合物 Vat dyes 还原染料 food additives 食品添加剂 synthetic fibers 合成纤维 考试重点 5．Phrases and Expressions 6．Important sentences 相关练习 相关练习见主教材每小节后的练习题 练习答案 Exercises Ⅰ. Translate the expressions (1) lake pigment 色淀染料 (2) side chain 支链 (3) resonance structures 共振结构 (4) absorption bands 吸收带 (5) acetate rayon 乙酸纤维素 (6)醋酸纤维 cellulose acetate (7)金属化合物 metallic compounds
(8)还原染料at dyes (9)食品添加剂food additives (1o)合成纤维ynthetic fibers II.Understanding the text (1)Please figure out the different between dyes and pigments. The dye is generally applied in an aqueous solution,and may require a mordant to improve the fastness of the dye on the fiber.In contrast with a dye.a pigment generally is insoluble,and has no affinity for the substrate. (2)Please describe the synthesizing progress of dyes. Dyes are synthesized in a reactor,filtered.dried,and blended with other additives to produce the final product. (3)What is Chromogen?And try to give some example? Chromogen is the aromatic structure containing benzene.naphthalene.or anthracene rings. a20 (-N=N-);carbonyl (=C=O),carbon(=C=C=);carbon-nitrogen (>C=NH or -CH=N-),nitroso (-NO or N-OH):nitro (-NOz or =NO-OH)and sulfur (>C=S,and other carbon-sulfur groups) (4)What is auxochrome?And try to give some example? 答案：The auxochrome or bonding affinity groups are amine,h句ydroxyl,carboxyl,and sulfonic radicals,or their derivatives. IIl.Translate the passage into Chinese The dyes were obtained from animal,vegetable or mineral origin.with no or very little processing By far the greatest source of dyes has been from the plant kingdom,notably roots.berries.bark.leaves and wood,but only a few have ever been used on a commercial scale. 容案：颜料是从动物、植物或矿物质中，基本不采用或采用很少的处理手段获取 的。颜料最大的来源还是植物，特别是植物根部、浆果、皮、叶和木材，但仅有 很小的一部分用于商业领域
(8)还原染料 Vat dyes (9)食品添加剂 food additives (10)合成纤维 synthetic fibers Ⅱ. Understanding the text (1) Please figure out the different between dyes and pigments. 答案：The dye is generally applied in an aqueous solution, and may require a mordant to improve the fastness of the dye on the fiber. In contrast with a dye, a pigment generally is insoluble, and has no affinity for the substrate. (2) Please describe the synthesizing progress of dyes. 答案：Dyes are synthesized in a reactor, filtered, dried, and blended with other additives to produce the final product. (3) What is Chromogen? And try to give some example？ 答案：Chromogen is the aromatic structure containing benzene, naphthalene, or anthracene rings. azo (–N=N–); carbonyl (=C=O); carbon(=C=C=); carbon-nitrogen (>C=NH or –CH=N–); nitroso (–NO or N–OH); nitro (–NO2 or =NO–OH);and sulfur (>C=S, and other carbon-sulfur groups) (4) What is auxochrome? And try to give some example？ 答案：The auxochrome or bonding affinity groups are amine, hydroxyl, carboxyl, and sulfonic radicals, or their derivatives. Ⅲ. Translate the passage into Chinese The dyes were obtained from animal, vegetable or mineral origin, with no or very little processing. By far the greatest source of dyes has been from the plant kingdom, notably roots, berries, bark, leaves and wood, but only a few have ever been used on a commercial scale. 答案：颜料是从动物、植物或矿物质中，基本不采用或采用很少的处理手段获取 的。颜料最大的来源还是植物，特别是植物根部、浆果、皮、叶和木材，但仅有 很小的一部分用于商业领域
Unit 7 paint 课文主要介绍了油漆的四种主要成分、应用领域以及油漆中存在的危险性， 1.重点句子 (1)Most paints include at least four groups of components:binders,volatile substances,pigments,and additives. (2Pigments are granular solis incorporated into the paint to conbute color, toughness,texture or simply to reduce the cost of the paint. (3)Paint can be applied as a solid,a gaseous suspension (acrosol)or a liquid. (4)At one time.VOC's (volatile organic compounds)were required for paint and finishes to perfomm properly. 2。在课文中，有几个句子需要做些解释。 (1)Paint is amy liquid,liquifiable,or mastic composition which after application to a substrate in a thin layer is converted to an opaque solid film 句中ay可译为“任何的”，liquid,liquifiable和mastic是三个形容状态的问， 分别意为“液态的”、“易液化的”和“膏状的”：convert to意为“（使）转而变 为”，注意本句的翻译， 提示请参见教材· (2)Pigments are granular solids incorporated into the paint to contribute color, toughness,texture or simply to reduce the cost of the paint. 句中ncorporate into意为“使成为..的一部分”，注意本句的翻译. 提示请参见教材。 3.New Words liquefy ['likwifai)V.(使)溶解，（使液化 mastic['maestik灯ad.膏状的 opaque[au'peik]】ad.不透明的 sophisticated[sa'fistikeitid]ad.精密的，复杂巧妙的 binder ['bainda)n,粘合剂 granular【gren可jala】ad颗粒状的 clay [kle司n.粘士 mica ['maika】n.云母 tale [taelk]n,滑石、云母
Unit 7 paint 课文主要介绍了油漆的四种主要成分、应用领域以及油漆中存在的危险性。 1．重点句子 (1)Most paints include at least four groups of components: binders, volatile substances, pigments, and additives. (2) Pigments are granular solids incorporated into the paint to contribute color, toughness, texture or simply to reduce the cost of the paint. (3)Paint can be applied as a solid, a gaseous suspension (aerosol) or a liquid. (4) At one time, VOC's (volatile organic compounds) were required for paint and finishes to perform properly. 2．在课文中，有几个句子需要做些解释。 (1) Paint is any liquid, liquifiable, or mastic composition which after application to a substrate in a thin layer is converted to an opaque solid film. 句中 any 可译为“任何的”，liquid，liquifiable 和 mastic 是三个形容状态的词， 分别意为“液态的”、“易液化的”和“膏状的”；convert to 意为“（使）转而变 为”，注意本句的翻译。 提示请参见教材。 (2) Pigments are granular solids incorporated into the paint to contribute color, toughness, texture or simply to reduce the cost of the paint. 句中 incorporate into 意为“使成为……的一部分”，注意本句的翻译。 提示请参见教材。 3．New Words liquefy [ˈlikwifai] V. (使)溶解,(使)液化 mastic [ˈmæstik] adj. 膏状的 opaque [əuˈpeik] adj. 不透明的 sophisticated [səˈfistikeitid] adj. 精密的，复杂巧妙的 binder [ˈbaɪndə] n. 粘合剂 granular [ˈgrænjələ] adj. 颗粒状的 clay [klei] n. 粘土 mica [ˈmaikə] n. 云母 talc [tælk] n. 滑石、云母
calcine [kaelsain]v,履烧 blanc[bla:gln.白 flexibility [,fleksI'brlitr]n.弹性 acrylics[a'kriliks]n.丙烯酸树脂 polyurethane,pli竹juari旧einn.聚亚安酯 epoy[e'pksi】n.环氧树脂 curing['kjuarir]n.凝周 viscosity [vI'sk5rti:n.粘性 miscellaneous[mIsa'lerni::as]ad可.多种多样的 emulsifier'mAlsifaia)n.乳化剂 flattener ['flaetna】n.赶平机 biocide[baiasaid]n,生物杀灭剂 uspension[sa'spen∫an)n.悬浮物 blade [bleid]n.刀片 kidney ['kidni]n.肾脏 deficit ['defisit)n.不足 4.Phrases and Expressions calcium carbonate碳酸钙 caleined clay锻烧粘土 wet edge边缘润湿 blanc fix钡白 powder coating粉末涂层 pray painting喷漆 leaming disab相lities学习障碍 volatile substances挥发性物质 thin layer薄层 lowered IQ低智商 考试重点 5.Phrases and Expressions 6.Important sentences 粗关练习 相关练习见主教材每小节后的练习题
calcine [ˈkælsain] v. 煅烧 blanc [blɑ:ŋ] n. 白 flexibility [ˌfleksɪˈbɪlɪtɪ] n. 弹性 acrylics [əˈkriliks] n. 丙烯酸树脂 polyurethane [ˌpɔliˈjuəriθein] n. 聚亚安酯 epoxy [eˈpɔksi] n. 环氧树脂 curing [ˈkjuəriŋ] n. 凝固 viscosity [vɪˈskɔsɪti:] n. 粘性 miscellaneous [ˌmɪsəˈleɪni:əs] adj. 多种多样的 emulsifier [iˈmʌlsifaiə] n. 乳化剂 flattener [ˈflætnə] n. 赶平机 biocide [ˈbaiəsaid] n. 生物杀灭剂 suspension [səˈspenʃən] n. 悬浮物 blade [bleid] n. 刀片 kidney [ˈkidni] n. 肾脏 deficit [ˈdefisit] n. 不足 4．Phrases and Expressions calcium carbonate 碳酸钙 calcined clay 煅烧粘土 wet edge 边缘润湿 blanc fix 钡白 powder coating 粉末涂层 spray painting 喷漆 learning disabilities 学习障碍 volatile substances 挥发性物质 thin layer 薄层 lowered IQ 低智商 考试重点 5．Phrases and Expressions 6．Important sentences 相关练习 相关练习见主教材每小节后的练习题