Part3 Petrochemical Technology辅导 Unit 8 Petroleum refinery 课文主要介绍了炼油厂的概念、炼油厂的任务和炼油步骤，以及炼油厂的主要产 品。 1.重点句子 A refinery breaks crude oil down into its various components.which then are selectively changed into new products. The crude oil separates into fractions according to weight and boiling point. Using intense heat (about 600C).low pressure and a powdered catalyst (a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction).the cat cracker can convert most of the heavy fractions into smaller more useful molecules. 2.在课文中，有几个句子需要做些解释。 (1)It runs around the clock 365 days a year,employs hundreds of people and occupies as much land as several hundred football pitches.该句around the clock困译 为“昼夜不停”：football pitches每译为足球场. (2)The most wiely used conversion method is called cracking because it uses heat and pressure to"crack”heavy hydrocarbon into lighter ones.这里ones指f代 molecules:the most widely usded conversion method:刷问widely的最高级修饰 过去分词used,然后该短语作定语修饰后面的conversion method,翻译为使用最 广的转化法为…。 (3)Most products of oil processing are usually grouped into three categories:light distillates (LPG.gasoline,naphtha),middle distillates (kerosene,diesel),heavy distillates and residuum (fuel oil,lubricating oils,wax,tar).are grouped into three categories翻译为“分为三类"：ht distillates译为轻馏分：heavy dis过la赋es 译为重馏分. 3.New Words petrochemical[.petraukemrka利n.石油化学产品：石渝化学品 petroleum【pi'trauliam]n.石油：原油
Part 3 Petrochemical Technology 辅导 Unit 8 Petroleum refinery 课文主要介绍了炼油厂的概念、炼油厂的任务和炼油步骤，以及炼油厂的主要产 品。 1．重点句子 A refinery breaks crude oil down into its various components, which then are selectively changed into new products. The crude oil separates into fractions according to weight and boiling point. Using intense heat (about 600°C), low pressure and a powdered catalyst (a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction), the cat cracker can convert most of the heavy fractions into smaller more useful molecules. 2．在课文中，有几个句子需要做些解释。 (1) It runs around the clock 365 days a year, employs hundreds of people and occupies as much land as several hundred football pitches.该句 around the clock 翻译 为“昼夜不停”；football pitches 翻译为足球场。 (2) The most widely used conversion method is called cracking because it uses heat and pressure to "crack" heavy hydrocarbon into lighter ones. 这里 ones 指代 molecules；the most widely usded conversion method：副词 widely 的最高级修饰 过去分词 used，然后该短语作定语修饰后面的 conversion method，翻译为使用最 广的转化法为……。 (3) Most products of oil processing are usually grouped into three categories: light distillates (LPG, gasoline, naphtha), middle distillates (kerosene, diesel), heavy distillates and residuum (fuel oil, lubricating oils, wax, tar). 这里 are grouped into three categories 翻译为“分为三类”；light distillates 译为轻馏分；heavy distillates 译为重馏分。 3．New Words petrochemical [ˌpetrəʊˈkemɪkəl] n.石油化学产品；石油化学品 petroleum [piˈtrəuliəm] n. 石油；原油
petrol[petral]n.汽油 refinery【rt'farnarl:]n.精炼厂 upgrade【p'greid]rt.提升，使升拔 pitch[pit小n.球场：新青 veel[vesal]n.船，靓：容器：导管 spi0mL5ep're1anL分离，分开 comversion[kan'va:Jan]n.变挽，转化 cracking [kraekin]L裂化：数解 column[klm]n,塔：柱 fraction[ekan]m,(分)（部分：级分 kone[kera,sin,"ker-,kera'sin,ker-]n.煤油；火油 c心nponent [kam'paunant]n.成分，组成部分 hydrocarbon [hardra'ka:ban]n.碳氢化合物，经 intense[in'tens]ad.强的，顺程的 catalys过k定t血5t]n.催化剂，触媒 oker [kauka]n.焦化设备，炼集器 coking【kaukig]n,炼焦：结焦 alkylation [.lki'leif(a)nn.烷化，经化 naphtha ['nae阳an.石脑油（一种石油缩分） blend[blend]vt.&vi.(使)混合，（使）混桑：n.混合物 additive['editiv]n.添加剂 volatile[volatai间adj.(液体或油)易挥发的 dis过illate[distileit]n.第出物：第出液：燕喻液 esiduum[rzid小um]m.剩余物：残油：残图物 gasoline'gaesali-n】n.汽油 如t['e5,b:)L海青：柏油：《（铺路等用的）新青混合料 4.Phrases and Expressions fractional distillation 分馏 distillation towers 蒸偏塔 cat cracker 儒化裂化器 in reverse 在背面：反过来：与，相反 fine-tuning 微调 paraffin wax 固体石酷 petroleum coke 石油焦（炭） boiling point 沸点
petrol [ˈpetrəl] n. 汽油 refinery [rɪˈfaɪnəri:] n. 精炼厂 upgrade [ˌʌpˈɡreid] vt.提升, 使升级 pitch [pitʃ] n.球场；沥青 vessel [ˈvesəl] n. 船, 舰；容器；导管 separation [ˌsepəˈreɪʃən] n.分离,分开 conversion [kənˈvə:ʃən] n.变换, 转化 cracking [ˈkrækiŋ] n.裂化；裂解 column [ˈkɔləm] n.塔；柱 fraction [ˈfræ kʃən] n. (分)馏(部)分；级分 kerosene [ˈkerəˌsi:n, ˈkær-, ˌkerəˈsi:n, ˌkær-] n. 煤油；火油 component [kəmˈpəunənt] n. 成分, 组成部分 hydrocarbon [ˌhaɪdrəˈkɑ:bən] n.碳氢化合物,烃 intense [inˈtens] adj.强烈的, 剧烈的 catalyst [ˈkæ tlɪst] n. 催化剂,触媒 coker [ˈkəukə] n. 焦化设备,炼焦器 coking [ˈkəukiŋ] n. 炼焦；结焦 alkylation [ˌælkiˈleiʃ(ə)n] n. 烷化, 烃化 naphtha [ˈnæfθə] n. 石脑油(一种石油馏分) blend [blend] vt. & vi. (使)混合, (使)混杂；n. 混合物 additive [ˈæ ditiv] n. 添加剂 volatile [ˈvɔlətail] adj. (液体或油)易挥发的 distillate [ˈdistileit] n. 馏出物；馏出液； 蒸馏液 residuum [riˈzidjuəm] n. 剩余物；残油；残留物 gasoline [ˈɡæsəli:n] n. 汽油 asphalt [ˈæsˌfɔ:lt] n. 沥青；柏油；(铺路等用的)沥青混合料 4．Phrases and Expressions fractional distillation 分馏 distillation towers 蒸馏塔 cat cracker 催化裂化器 in reverse 在背面；反过来；与…相反 fine-tuning 微调 paraffin wax 固体石腊 petroleum coke 石油焦(炭) boiling point 沸点
liquefied petroleum gas 液化石油气 heat exchangers 换热器 Unit 9 Fractional Distillation of Petroleum 深文重点介绍了石油分馏的步骤和原理。 1.重点句子 So,as a mixture is heated,the temperature of the mixture rises until it reaches the temperature of the lowest boiling substance in the mixture. Only then does the temperature of the remaining mixture rise and other components are boiled off. If the difference in boiling points is greater than 25 C.a simple distillation is used. The substance with the lowest boiling point will condense at the highest point in the column;substances with higher boiling points will condense lower in the column. 2。在课文中，有一些句子需要做些解释。 (1)When a substance in the vapor reaches a height where the temperature of the column is equal to that substance's boiling point,it will conderse to form a liquid.ig 里When a substance in the vapor reaches,.:时间状语从句，修饰句子的谓语动 词condense: where the temperature of the column is equal to that substance's boiling point: 句，修饰前面的名词height. 翻译请参见教材。 (2)The vapor enters the bottom of a long column (fractional distillation column)that is filled with trays or plates.这里that is filled with trays or plates为定语从句，修 饰前面的column:“is filled with”可译为装有。该句翻译为“蒸汽进入装有塔板 的分馏塔底部” (3)Rather than continually distilling large quantities of crude oil,oil companies chemically process some other fractions from the distillation column to make gasoline. this processing increases the yield of gasoline from each barrel of crude oil rather than译为“不是.·而是..”.该句可译为“炼袖厂将蒸馏塔的某些偏分
liquefied petroleum gas 液化石油气 heat exchangers 换热器 Unit 9 Fractional Distillation of Petroleum 课文重点介绍了石油分馏的步骤和原理。 1．重点句子 So, as a mixture is heated, the temperature of the mixture rises until it reaches the temperature of the lowest boiling substance in the mixture. Only then does the temperature of the remaining mixture rise and other components are boiled off. If the difference in boiling points is greater than 25 °C, a simple distillation is used. The substance with the lowest boiling point will condense at the highest point in the column; substances with higher boiling points will condense lower in the column. 2．在课文中，有一些句子需要做些解释。 (1) When a substance in the vapor reaches a height where the temperature of the column is equal to that substance's boiling point, it will condense to form a liquid.这 里 When a substance in the vapor reaches……：时间状语从句，修饰句子的谓语动 词 condense； where the temperature of the column is equal to that substance's boiling point：定语从 句，修饰前面的名词 height。 翻译请参见教材。 (2) The vapor enters the bottom of a long column (fractional distillation column) that is filled with trays or plates. 这里 that is filled with trays or plates 为定语从句，修 饰前面的 column；“is filled with” 可译为装有。该句翻译为“蒸汽进入装有塔板 的分馏塔底部”。 (3) Rather than continually distilling large quantities of crude oil, oil companies chemically process some other fractions from the distillation column to make gasoline; this processing increases the yield of gasoline from each barrel of crude oil. 这里 rather than 译为“不是。。。而是。。。”。该句可译为“炼油厂将蒸馏塔的某些馏分
进行化学处理（而不是连续蒸馏大量的原油）来生产汽油：这种处理可提高用原 油生产汽油的产量。 3.New Words ignite[g'nait]vt.&vi.点w:点火 refine[ri'fain]vt,精藤：精制 fuel [fjual]n.燃料，燃烧剂 chemic回l[kemikal】adi.化学的：用化学方法制迹的：m.化学药品 tmosphere['etmasfia,'etmasfra(r】n.大气：大气压 unique (ju:ni:k】adi.独一无二的，推一的 vpar[veip3n.水汽，水燕气. tray [tre】n盘子：塔板 loosen门u:snvt.&vi.解开：放松 condense [kan'dens]vt.4ri.(使)变两或变浓：落第： (使凝结 condeneer [kan'densa]n.净凝器 harrel[baeral]n桶琵琶桶：桶（容量单位） 4.Phrases and Expressions separation technology 分离技术 bubble cap 泡罩 丈orage tank 储油罐 vapor phase 气相 distillation column 蒸俯塔 temperature difference 温度差 ub域nces with higher boiling points高沸点的物质 high pressure steam 高压蒸汽 Unit 10 Petroleum products 课文主要介绍了石油产品的概念，各种石油产品的构成及其用途等内容， 1.重点句子： Petroleum products are hydrocarbon compounds,containing combinations of hydrogen and carbon with various molecular forms. The high-boiling hydrocarbons that are isolated and liquefied are called natural gas condensates
进行化学处理（而不是连续蒸馏大量的原油）来生产汽油；这种处理可提高用原 油生产汽油的产量。 3．New Words ignite [iɡˈnait] vt. & vi. 点燃；点火 refine [riˈfain] vt. 精炼；精制 fuel [fjuəl] n. 燃料, 燃烧剂 chemical [ˈkemikəl] adj. 化学的；用化学方法制造的；n. 化学药品 atmosphere [ˈæ tməsfiə，ˈæ tməsfɪə(r)] n. 大气；大气压 unique [ju:ˈni:k] adj. 独一无二的, 惟一的 vapor [ˈveipə] n. 水汽,水蒸气, tray [trei] n. 盘子；塔板 loosen [ˈlu:sən] vt. & vi. 解开；放松 condense [kənˈdens] vt. & vi. (使)变稠或变浓；浓缩； (使)凝结 condenser [kənˈdensə] n. 冷凝器 barrel [ˈbæ rəl] n. 桶, 琵琶桶；桶（容量单位） 4．Phrases and Expressions separation technology 分离技术 bubble cap 泡罩 storage tank 储油罐 vapor phase 气相 distillation column 蒸馏塔 temperature difference 温度差 substances with higher boiling points 高沸点的物质 high pressure steam 高压蒸汽 Unit 10 Petroleum products 课文主要介绍了石油产品的概念，各种石油产品的构成及其用途等内容。 1．重点句子： Petroleum products are hydrocarbon compounds, containing combinations of hydrogen and carbon with various molecular forms. The high-boiling hydrocarbons that are isolated and liquefied are called natural gas condensates
A multimedia system distinguishes itself from other systems through several properties.The first one is combination of'media The second property is the level of independence among different media The third property is computer-supported integration. 2。在课文中，有一些句子需要做些解释， (1)Petrochemicals,in contrast,are individual chemicals,derived from bulk fractions. that are used as the basic building blocks of the chemical industry."derived from bulk fractions”和“in contrast”都是插入语。that are used as the basic building blocks of the chemical industry是定语从句，修悔前面的名词chemicals. 本句可译为“相反，石油化工产品是一些单独的化工产品，它们是从石油馏分制 得，用作化学工业的生产原料”。 (2)Wet gas is processed to remove the entrained hydrocarbons that are higher-boiling than methane.这里“that are higher-boiling than methane”是一个定 语从句，修饰hydrocarbon5, (3)Petroleum coke is employed for a number of purposes,but the major use is in the manufacture of carbon electrodes for aluminum refining.which requires a high-purity carbon (that is,low in ash and sulfur-free).which requires a high-purity carbon, 指代和修饰其前面的整句话， 本句可译为“石油焦有许多用途，但其主要的用途是用来制造炼铝所用的碳电极， 而该用途要求所用的炭纯度要高（也就是说，灰分含量低并且不含硫）。 3.New Words individ回Individjual]ad.个别的：单独的 bulk [bAlk]ad.大量的：大批的 er[bta]t.&vi.政变，更政 combination[k3 nbi'neifan]n.组合：结合，化合 property['prpati)n.性质，特性，性能 complex [kompleks】ad.复合的：复象的 methane['me0ein】n.甲烷 reservoir'rezavwa】n.水库：储液槽 entrain【in'trein.带走.使空气以气泡状存在于中 isolate ['aisaleit]vt.将…刷出《以便看情和单鞋处理)：使（某物质、细胞等）分离： liquefy ['lrkwa,favt.&i.液化：溶解 condeneate[kon'denseit]n.冷摄物 bolr[bIla)n.钢炉，烧水器 residue['rezI,dui,-djun,剩禽。残流，残图物
A multimedia system distinguishes itself from other systems through several properties. The first one is combination of media. The second property is the level of independence among different media. The third property is computer-supported integration. 2．在课文中，有一些句子需要做些解释。 （1）Petrochemicals, in contrast, are individual chemicals, derived from bulk fractions, that are used as the basic building blocks of the chemical industry. 这里“derived from bulk fractions”和“in contrast”都是插入语。that are used as the basic building blocks of the chemical industry 是定语从句，修饰前面的名词 chemicals。 本句可译为“相反，石油化工产品是一些单独的化工产品，它们是从石油馏分制 得，用作化学工业的生产原料”。 （ 2 ） Wet gas is processed to remove the entrained hydrocarbons that are higher-boiling than methane. 这里“that are higher-boiling than methane”是一个定 语从句，修饰 hydrocarbons。 （3）Petroleum coke is employed for a number of purposes, but the major use is in the manufacture of carbon electrodes for aluminum refining, which requires a high-purity carbon (that is, low in ash and sulfur-free). 这里 which requires a high-purity carbon， 指代和修饰其前面的整句话。 本句可译为“石油焦有许多用途，但其主要的用途是用来制造炼铝所用的碳电极， 而该用途要求所用的炭纯度要高（也就是说，灰分含量低并且不含硫）。 3．New Words individual [ˌɪndiˈvidjuəl] adj. 个别的；单独的 bulk [bʌlk] adj. 大量的；大批的 alter [ˈɔ:ltə] vt. & vi. 改变, 更改 combination [ˌkɔmbiˈneiʃən] n. 组合；结合，化合 property [ˈprɔpəti] n. 性质，特性，性能 complex [ˈkɔmpleks] adj. 复合的；复杂的 methane [ˈmeθˌeɪn] n. 甲烷 reservoir [ˈrezəvwɑ:] n. 水库；储液槽 entrain [inˈtrein] v.带走,使空气以气泡状存在于…中 isolate [ˈaisəleit] vt. 将…剔出（以便看清和单独处理）；使（某物质、细胞等）分离； liquefy [ˈlɪkwəˌfaɪ] vt. & vi. 液化；溶解 condensate [kɔnˈdenseit] n. 冷凝物 boiler [ˈbɔɪlə] n. 锅炉, 烧水器 residue [ˈrezɪˌdu:, -ˌdju:] n. 剩余，残渣，残留物
die['di:za可n.聚油，柴油机机车 enermor['d3 nareita)n,发电机，发生器 域ion[,ei'eann.航空。航空学：航空工业 quality ['kwoliti句n,质量：品质 vehicle[MIkn.交通工具，车辆 olvent['solvant]n.溶剂 ointment[凸ntmant]n.软音，油将 ree【gris]n.油将，油 icy'stik句ad可.黏性的：粘的 vi@ous[v1 skas]ad.黏的：黏性的 vaporize ['velpa,raiz]vt..&vi.《使)满发：（使）汽化 residuum【ri'zidjuam]n.剩余物：残油：残留物（复数形式为residu) proportion [pra'phnn.部分；比例 electrode [I'lek,traud]n.电极 aluminum [alu:manam]n. acetylene [a'setili:nln.乙块，电石气 byproduct[ba,pradAkt]n.制产品 gous['ge5:a5,'g3s5ad.气态的：似气体的 ethylene【e0a,l:n]n.乙烯 benzene ['ben,zi:n,ben'zizn]n. toluene ['bljui:n]n.甲苯（染料域火药的原料） yclisation [saik'zeifan]n.环化(f作用) oxidation[ksI'derfan]n.氧化（作用） explosive [iks'pla3 usiv]adj.爆并的.易爆炸的：n.爆炸物，炸药 fertilizer fa:tilaiza]n.肥料，化肥 ber ['faibal n.纤雏：纤推物质 习nthetic【sin8 etik]adj.合成的。人迹的：n.合成物，合成纤维，合成剂 4.Phrases and Expressions methyl alcohol 甲醇，木精 ethyl alcohol 乙醇，酒精 silicon carbide abrasive 碳化硅研磨材料：碳化硅砂轮 caleium carbide 碳化钙，电石 high-molecular-weight 高分子量 destructive distillation 分解蒸偏，干馏
diesel [ˈdi:zəl] n. 柴油；柴油机机车 generator [ˈdʒenəreitə] n. 发电机, 发生器 aviation [ˌeiviˈeiʃən] n. 航空, 航空学；航空工业 quality [ˈkwɔliti] n. 质量；品质 vehicle [ˈvi:ɪkl] n. 交通工具, 车辆 solvent [ˈsɔlvənt] n. 溶剂 ointment [ˈɔɪntmənt] n. 软膏, 油膏 grease [ɡri:s] n. 油膏, 油 sticky [ˈstiki] adj. 粘性的；粘的 viscous [ˈvɪskəs] adj. 黏的；黏性的 vaporize [ˈveɪpəˌraɪz] vt. & vi. (使)蒸发；(使)汽化 residuum [riˈzidjuəm] n. 剩余物；残油；残留物（复数形式为 residua） proportion [prəˈpɔ:ʃən] n. 部分；比例 electrode [ɪˈlekˌtrəʊd] n. 电极 aluminum [əˈlu:mənəm] n. 铝 acetylene [əˈsetili:n] n. 乙炔,电石气 byproduct [ˈbaɪˌprɔdʌkt] n. 副产品 gaseous [ˈgæ si:əs, ˈgæʃəs] adj. 气态的；似气体的 ethylene [ˈeθəˌli:n] n. 乙烯 benzene [ˈbenˌzi:n, benˈzi:n] n. 苯 toluene [ˈtɔljui:n] n. 甲苯(染料或火药的原料) cyclisation [ˌsaikliˈzeiʃən] n. 环化(作用) oxidation [ˌɔksɪˈdeɪʃən] n. 氧化(作用) explosive [iksˈpləusiv] adj. 爆炸的,易爆炸的；n. 爆炸物, 炸药 fertilizer [ˈfə:tilaizə] n. 肥料, 化肥 fiber [ˈfaibə] n. 纤维；纤维物质 synthetic [sinˈθetik] adj. 合成的, 人造的；n. 合成物, 合成纤维,合成剂 4．Phrases and Expressions methyl alcohol 甲醇,木精 ethyl alcohol 乙醇，酒精 silicon carbide abrasive 碳化硅研磨材料；碳化硅砂轮 calcium carbide 碳化钙,电石 high-molecular-weight 高分子量 destructive distillation 分解蒸馏，干馏
building blocks 积木：基础材料 bulk product 散装油品：散货 in contrast 相反，大不相同 carbon electrodes 碳电极 chemical and physical properties 化学和物理性质 考试原点 1.Phrases and Expressions 2.Important sentences 粗关蓝习 相关练习见主教材每小节后的练习题
building blocks 积木；基础材料 bulk product 散装油品； 散货 in contrast 相反，大不相同 carbon electrodes 碳电极 chemical and physical properties 化学和物理性质 考试重点 1．Phrases and Expressions 2．Important sentences 相关练习 相关练习见主教材每小节后的练习题