Part Four:Writing and Translation>>Translation Return Translation Knowing About Translation 英语中有些词语表示的是抽象 的概念，在翻译时需要把抽象 抽象与具体 的词转换为具体的词汇，以使 译文流畅、通顺。而在某些语 境中，有些表示具体概念的词 汇需要译成抽象词汇。这就是 抽象与具体的互相转换
Translation 抽 象 与 具 体 英语中有些词语表示的是抽象 的概念，在翻译时需要把抽象 的词转换为具体的词汇，以使 译文流畅、通顺。而在某些语 境中，有些表示具体概念的词 汇需要译成抽象词汇。这就是 抽象与具体的互相转换。 Part Four: Writing and Translation>>Translation Knowing About Translation
Part Four:Writing and Translation>>Translation Return 1.抽象转化为具体 sample 抽象与具体 2.具体转化为抽象 sample
Part Four: Writing and Translation>>Translation 抽 象 与 具 体 sample sample 2.具体转化为抽象 1.抽象转化为具体
Part Four:Writing and Translation>>Translation Return 1.抽象转化为具体 A.抽象名词具体化 1)Stores,companies,and advertisers use psychologyto increase business. 抽象与具体 商店、公司和广告商都利用心理因素来增加营业额。 2)The airport authorities decided to lengthen the walk from the aircraft,so that instead of a one-minute fast walk,the passengers spent six minutes walking. 机场当局决定延长乘客下飞机后的步行距离，这样，走到行李提 取处需要6分钟，而不再是快速行走1分钟就能到达。 To be continued
1) Stores, companies, and advertisers use psychology to increase business. 商店、公司和广告商都利用心理因素来增加营业额。 2) The airport authorities decided to lengthen the walk from the aircraft, so that instead of a one-minute fast walk, the passengers spent six minutes walking. 机场当局决定延长乘客下飞机后的步行距离，这样，走到行李提 取处需要6分钟，而不再是快速行走1分钟就能到达。 A. 抽象名词具体化 Part Four: Writing and Translation>>Translation 抽 象 与 具 体 To be continued 1. 抽象转化为具体
Part Four:Writing and Translation>>Translation Return A.抽象名词具体化 3)We must also believe that everything is being done to minimize our delay. 我们还必须相信人们正在采取一切措施来减少耽误的时间。 抽象与具体 4)In the Middle East and North Africa,U.S. tobacco exports increased by more than 27 percent in 1974. 在中东和北非，美国烟草的出口量在1974年增加了27%以 上
3) We must also believe that everything is being done to minimize our delay. 我们还必须相信人们正在采取一切措施来减少耽误的时间。 4) In the Middle East and North Africa, U.S. tobacco exports increased by more than 27 percent in 1974. 在中东和北非，美国烟草的出口量在1974年增加了27%以 上。 A. 抽象名词具体化 Part Four: Writing and Translation>>Translation 抽 象 与 具 体
Part Four:Writing and Translation>>Translation Return A.抽象名词具体化 5)Even though they have no medicine in them, these things seem to make people well. (In-class Para.2) 尽管安慰剂中没有任何药的成分，但似乎也能使人康复。 抽象与具体 6)It is not only scientists,of course,who understand the psychology of spending habits,but also business people. (After-class passage I Para.5) 当然，不只是科学家了解消费习惯方面的心理因素，商 人也了解
A. 抽象名词具体化 Part Four: Writing and Translation>>Translation 抽 象 与 具 体 5) Even though they have no medicine in them, these things seem to make people well. (In-class Para.2) 尽管安慰剂中没有任何药的成分，但似乎也能使人康复。 6) It is not only scientists, of course, who understand the psychology of spending habits, but also business people. (After-class passage I Para.5) 当然，不只是科学家了解消费习惯方面的心理因素，商 人也了解
Part Four:Writing and Translation>>Translation Return B.其他词类具体化 1)Helen applied herself to the key,moving it every possible way,and the door suddenly yielded to her hand. 抽象与具体 海伦拨弄着钥匙，朝各个方向拧了一阵之后，门忽然打开了。 2)Following a glowing and lengthy introduction by the headmaster,Sir Winston stood up-all five feet,five inches and 235 pounds of him! 在校长热情洋溢的长篇介绍以后，温斯顿爵士站了起来一一身高总 共5英尺5英寸，体重却有235磅！
1) Helen applied herself to the key, moving it every possible way, and the door suddenly yielded to her hand. 海伦拨弄着钥匙，朝各个方向拧了一阵之后，门忽然打开了。 2) Following a glowing and lengthy introduction by the headmaster, Sir Winston stood up—all five feet, five inches and 235 pounds of him! 在校长热情洋溢的长篇介绍以后，温斯顿爵士站了起来——身高总 共5英尺5英寸，体重却有235磅！ B. 其他词类具体化 Part Four: Writing and Translation>>Translation 抽 象 与 具 体
Part Four:Writing and Translation>>Translation Return 2.具体转化为抽象 在英语中有些带有具体意 抽象与具体 义或形象的表达方式，在 不便于直译时，需要进行 抽象化处理。例如： To be continued
Part Four: Writing and Translation>>Translation 2.具体转化为抽象 抽 象 与 具 体 To be continued 在英语中有些带有具体意 义或形象的表达方式，在 不便于直译时，需要进行 抽象化处理。例如：
Part Four:Writing and Translation>>Translation Return 2.具体转化为抽象 1)She allowed the mother to be overruled by the judge and declared her own son guilty. 法官的职责战胜了母子私情，这使她宣判她的亲生儿子有罪。 抽象与具体 2)He felt the patriot rise within him. 他感到一种爱国热情在胸中激荡。 3)His success in this field has pushed his forerunners'point into the background. 他在这方面的成就使其前辈们的论点黯然失色
1) She allowed the mother to be overruled by the judge and declared her own son guilty. 法官的职责战胜了母子私情，这使她宣判她的亲生儿子有罪。 2) He felt the patriot rise within him. 他感到一种爱国热情在胸中激荡。 3) His success in this field has pushed his forerunners’ point into the background. 他在这方面的成就使其前辈们的论点黯然失色。 Part Four: Writing and Translation>>Translation 抽 象 与 具 体 2. 具体转化为抽象
Part Four:Writing and Translation>>Translation Return Translation Practice Translate the following dialog into English
Part Four: Writing and Translation>>Translation Translation Practice Translate the following dialog into English
Part Four:Writing and Translation>>Translation Return A:你在干什么呢？ A:What are you doing? B:在看杂志，《心理学》。 B:I'm reading a magazine,Psychology. A:哦，学点心理学的知识肯定很有趣吧？ A:Well,it must be fun to learn something about psychology. B:是啊。在我们的日常生活中，心理学运用十分广泛。 B:You bet.Psychology has broad applications in our daily life. To be continued
A: 你在干什么呢？ B: 在看杂志，《心理学》。 A: 哦，学点心理学的知识肯定很有趣吧？ A: What are you doing? B: I’m reading a magazine, Psychology. A: Well, it must be fun to learn something about psychology. Part Four: Writing and Translation>>Translation To be continued B: 是啊。在我们的日常生活中，心理学运用十分广泛。 B: You bet. Psychology has broad applications in our daily life