《新编大学英语》翻译教学课件（PPT讲稿，第三版第三册，Translation and Writing）Lecture 01 被动语态的翻译2/2

Part Four:Writing and Translation>>Translation Return Knowing About Translation 被动语态的翻译 语态是表明句子中谓语与主语之间关系的一种语法 手段。相比汉语，英语中被动语态使用范围大、频率高。 因此，在翻译时，我们可以根据两种语言的习惯，从句 式和辅助词语两个方面进行语态转换。 1.英译汉中被动语态的翻译 2.汉译英中被动语态的翻译

Knowing About Translation Part Four: Writing and Translation >> Translation 被动语态的翻译 1. 英译汉中被动语态的翻译 2. 汉译英中被动语态的翻译 语态是表明句子中谓语与主语之间关系的一种语法 手段。相比汉语，英语中被动语态使用范围大、频率高。 因此，在翻译时，我们可以根据两种语言的习惯，从句 式和辅助词语两个方面进行语态转换

Part Four:Writing and Translation >Translation Return 1.英译汉中被动语态的翻译 1.1译成被动句 英语被动句是由“助动词be+过去分词”构成 在译成汉语时，除了用“被”表示外，还可以运用 其他词语，如“受”、“遭”、“让”、“给”、 由”、“把”、“让”、“为…所”、“加以” “予以”等。例如： 花集“容常纸花养花张恐称纸花家花来“常条紧常年花家

Part Four: Writing and Translation >> Translation 1.1 译成被动句 英语被动句是由“助动词be+过去分词”构成， 在译成汉语时，除了用 “被”表示外，还可以运用 其他词语，如 “受” 、 “遭” 、 “让” 、 “给” 、 “由” 、 “把” 、 “让” 、 “为……所” 、 “加以” 、 “予以”等。例如： 1. 英译汉中被动语态的翻译

Part Four:Writing and Translation>>Translation Return 1)The optimists believe defeat is not their fault: circumstances,bad luck,or other people brought it about.Such people are not bothered by defeat. 乐观主义者相信失败并不是他们的错，环境、运气不佳 或其他人都可能造成自己的失败。这些人从不为失败所 困挑。 2)When optimists run for office,they are more apt to be elected than pessimists are. 当乐观主义者参加竞选时，他们比悲观主义者更容易 当选。 A

Part Four: Writing and Translation >> Translation 1) The optimists believe defeat is not their fault: circumstances, bad luck, or other people brought it about. Such people are not bothered by defeat. 乐观主义者相信失败并不是他们的错，环境、运气不佳 或其他人都可能造成自己的失败。这些人从不为失败所 困扰。 当乐观主义者参加竞选时，他们比悲观主义者更容易 当选。 2) When optimists run for office, they are more apt to be elected than pessimists are

Part Four:Writing and Translation >Translation Return 3)Americans eat a lot of beef because there is plenty of land for raising cattle and their meat can be shipped cheaply for long distance by railroad. 美国人牛肉吃得很多，因为美国有大量的土地可用来 养牛，而且牛肉可以由铁路以低廉的价格进行长途运 输。 4)Late in November,street lights and store windows are decorated with the traditional Christmas colors of red and green. 11月下旬，街灯和商店的橱窗都用红和绿这两种传统的 圣诞节颜色加以装饰

Part Four: Writing and Translation >> Translation 3) Americans eat a lot of beef because there is plenty of land for raising cattle and their meat can be shipped cheaply for long distance by railroad. 4) Late in November, street lights and store windows are decorated with the traditional Christmas colors of red and green. 美国人牛肉吃得很多，因为美国有大量的土地可用来 养牛，而且牛肉可以由铁路以低廉的价格进行长途运 输。 11月下旬，街灯和商店的橱窗都用红和绿这两种传统的 圣诞节颜色加以装饰

Part Four:Writing and Translation >Translation Return 1.2译成主动句 英译汉时，不少英语被动句被译成汉语主动句，使句 子更符合汉语习惯。 1)Don't be alarmed if your newborn fails to be startled by loud noises or fails to turn toward sound. 如果你的新生儿听到响声并不吃惊， 或者没有把头转 向发出声音的方向，不必慌张。 2)Here,hold the baby while I fix her blanket.It's all pulled out. 来，抱着孩子，我把毯子弄弄好，全都拉散了

Part Four: Writing and Translation >> Translation 1.2 译成主动句 英译汉时，不少英语被动句被译成汉语主动句，使句 子更符合汉语习惯。 2) Here, hold the baby while I fix her blanket. It’s all pulled out. 1) Don’t be alarmed if your newborn fails to be startled by loud noises or fails to turn toward sound. 如果你的新生儿听到响声并不吃惊，或者没有把头转 向发出声音的方向，不必慌张。 来，抱着孩子，我把毯子弄弄好，全都拉散了

Part Four:Writing and Translation>>Translation Return 3)When the meal is finished,the guests put their napkins on the table and rise. 吃完饭后，客人们把餐巾放在桌上并起身。 4)The monkeys were given sweet potatoes by scientists who wanted to attract them to the shore of an island. 科学家们给猴子白薯，想把它们引到海岛的岸边

Part Four: Writing and Translation >> Translation 3) When the meal is finished, the guests put their napkins on the table and rise. 4) The monkeys were given sweet potatoes by scientists who wanted to attract them to the shore of an island. 吃完饭后，客人们把餐巾放在桌上并起身。 科学家们给猴子白薯，想把它们引到海岛的岸边

Part Four:Writing and Translation >Translation Return 1.3译成判断句 有些英语被动句并不突出强调被动动作，而着重对事物的状 态、过程和性质等加以描写，其作用与系表结构类似，因此，此 类句式可翻译成中文的判断句。例如： I)The decision to attack was not taken lightly 进攻的决定不是轻易做出的。 2)The first explosive in the world was made and used in China. 世界上最早的炸药是在中国制造和使用的

Part Four: Writing and Translation >> Translation 1.3 译成判断句 有些英语被动句并不突出强调被动动作，而着重对事物的状 态、过程和性质等加以描写，其作用与系表结构类似, 因此，此 类句式可翻译成中文的判断句。例如: l) The decision to attack was not taken lightly. 世界上最早的炸药是在中国制造和使用的。 进攻的决定不是轻易做出的。 2) The first explosive in the world was made and used in China

Part Four:Writing and Translation>>Translation Return 3)He was brought up by his grandmother. 他是由他祖母抚养大的。 4)We are not to be bullied. 我们是不能被欺负的。 花集出家年纯家花年“年花京花华“水纸花京善米年花次

Part Four: Writing and Translation >> Translation 3) He was brought up by his grandmother. 4) We are not to be bullied. 他是由他祖母抚养大的。 我们是不能被欺负的

Part Four:Writing and Translation>>Translation Return l.4“t+be+past participle+hat引导的从句”句型的翻译 A.不加主语 It is hoped that... 希望… It is reported that .. 据报道… It is said that... 据说… It is supposed that... 据推测… It may be said without fear of exaggeration that... 毫不夸张地说… It must be admitted that... 必须永认… It must be pointed out that..必须指出 It will be seen from this that..由此可见

Part Four: Writing and Translation >> Translation A. 不加主语 It is hoped that... 希望…… It is reported that … 据报道…… It is said that... 据说…… It is supposed that… 据推测…… It may be said without fear of exaggeration that… 可以 毫不夸张地说…… It must be admitted that... 必须承认…… It must be pointed out that... 必须指出…… It will be seen from this that… 由此可见…… 1.4 “It+ be+ past participle + that引导的从句”句型的翻译

Part Four:Writing and Translation>>Translation Return B.增加主语 It is asserted that... 有人主张 It is believed that... 有人相信（认为） It is generally considered that... 大家认为… It is well known that... 大家知道 (众所周知) It will be said that... 有人会说… It was told that... 有人曾经说…

Part Four: Writing and Translation >> Translation B. 增加主语 It is asserted that... 有人主张…… It is believed that... 有人相信（认为）…… It is generally considered that... 大家认为 …… It is well known that... 大家知道（众所周知）…… It will be said that…· 有人会说…… It was told that... 有人曾经说……