Translation Writing 抽象与具体 英语中有些词语表示的是抽象的概念，在翻 译时需要把抽象的词转换为具体的词汇，以 使译文流畅、通顺。而在某些语境中，有些 R 表示具体概念的词汇需要译成抽象词汇。这 就是抽象与具体的互相转换。 抽象转化为具体 具体转化为抽象
抽象与具体 英语中有些词语表示的是抽象的概念，在翻 译时需要把抽象的词转换为具体的词汇，以 使译文流畅、通顺。而在某些语境中，有些 表示具体概念的词汇需要译成抽象词汇。这 就是抽象与具体的互相转换。 抽象转化为具体 具体转化为抽象
Translation Writing 抽象与具体 1.抽象转化为具体 A.抽象名词具体化 1)Stores,companies,and advertisers use psychology to increase business. 商店、公司和广告商都利用心理因素来增加营业额。 2)The airport authorities decided to lengthen the walk from the aircraft,so that instead of a one-minute fast walk,the passengers spent six minutes walking 机场当局决定延长乘客下飞机后的步行距离，这样， 走到行李提取处需要6分钟，而不再是快速行走1分钟 就能到达
1. 抽象转化为具体 抽象与具体 A. 抽象名词具体化 1) Stores, companies, and advertisers use psychology to increase business. 商店、公司和广告商都利用心理因素来增加营业额。 2) The airport authorities decided to lengthen the walk from the aircraft, so that instead of a one-minute fast walk, the passengers spent six minutes walking. 机场当局决定延长乘客下飞机后的步行距离，这样， 走到行李提取处需要6分钟，而不再是快速行走1分钟 就能到达。 EXAMPLE
Translation Writing 抽象与具体 A.抽象名词具体化 EXAMPLE 3)We must also believe that everything is being done to minimize our delay. 我们还必须相信人们正在采取一切措施来减少耽 误的时间。 4)In the Middle East and North Africa,U.S.tobacco exports increased by more than 27 percent in 1974. 在中东和北非，美国烟草的出口量在1974年增加 了27%以上
3) We must also believe that everything is being done to minimize our delay. 我们还必须相信人们正在采取一切措施来减少耽 误的时间。 4) In the Middle East and North Africa, U.S. tobacco exports increased by more than 27 percent in 1974. 在中东和北非，美国烟草的出口量在1974年增加 了27%以上。 A. 抽象名词具体化 抽象与具体 EXAMPLE
Translation Writing 抽象与具体 。。 B.其他词类具体化 EXAMPLE 1)Helen applied herself to the key,moving it every possible way,and the door suddenly yielded to her hand. 海伦拨弄着钥匙，朝各个方向拧了一阵之后，门忽 然打开了。 2)Following a glowing and lengthy introduction by the headmaster,Sir Winston stood up-all five feet,five inches and 235 pounds of him! 在校长热情洋溢的长篇介绍以后，温斯顿爵士站了 起来—身高总共5英尺5英寸，体重却有235磅！
EXAMPLE 抽象与具体 B. 其他词类具体化 1) Helen applied herself to the key, moving it every possible way, and the door suddenly yielded to her hand. 海伦拨弄着钥匙，朝各个方向拧了一阵之后，门忽 然打开了。 2) Following a glowing and lengthy introduction by the headmaster, Sir Winston stood up—all five feet, five inches and 235 pounds of him! 在校长热情洋溢的长篇介绍以后，温斯顿爵士站了 起来——身高总共5英尺5英寸，体重却有235磅！
Translation Writing 抽象与具体 2.具体转化为抽象 在英语中有些带有具体意义或形象的表达 方式，在不便于直译时，需要进行抽象化 处理。例如：
在英语中有些带有具体意义或形象的表达 方式，在不便于直译时，需要进行抽象化 处理。例如： 抽象与具体 2.具体转化为抽象
Translation Writing 抽象与具体 EXAMPLE 1)She allowed the mother to be overruled by the judge and declared her own son guilty. 法官的职责战胜了母子私情，这使她宣判她的亲 生儿子有罪。 2)He felt the patriot rise within him. 他感到一种爱国热情在胸中激荡。 3)His success in this field has pushed his forerunners point into the background. 他在这方面的成就使其前辈们的论点黯然失色
EXAMPLE 抽象与具体 1) She allowed the mother to be overruled by the judge and declared her own son guilty. 法官的职责战胜了母子私情，这使她宣判她的亲 生儿子有罪。 2) He felt the patriot rise within him. 他感到一种爱国热情在胸中激荡。 3) His success in this field has pushed his forerunners’ point into the background. 他在这方面的成就使其前辈们的论点黯然失色
Translation Writing Translation Practice Translate the following dialogue into English. A:你在干什么呢？ What are you doing? R B:在看杂志，《心理学》。 I'm reading a magazine,Psychology. A:哦，学点心理学的知识肯定很有趣吧？ Well,it must be fun to learn something about psychology
Translate the following dialogue into English. Translation Practice A: 你在干什么呢？ B: 在看杂志，《心理学》。 A: 哦，学点心理学的知识肯定很有趣吧？ What are you doing? I’m reading a magazine, Psychology. Well, it must be fun to learn something about psychology
Translation Writing Translation Practice B:是啊。在我们的日常生活中，心理学运用十分 广泛。 You bet.Psychology has broad applications in our daily life. A:比如…？ For example...?
Translation Practice B: 是啊。在我们的日常生活中，心理学运用十分 广泛。 You bet. Psychology has broad applications in our daily life. A: 比如······？ For example…?
Translation Writing Translation Practice B:比如说，人们看到衣服降价就想买；病人 吃了安慰剂，感觉好多了… For example,people can't resist the temptation to buy clothes on sale;patients feel much better after they've taken some placebos. A:等等，我看这和心理学没什么关系嘛。 Wait...wait.I don't think it has anything to do with psychology
For example, people can’t resist the temptation to buy clothes on sale; patients feel much better after they’ve taken some placebos. Translation Practice A: 等等，我看这和心理学没什么关系嘛。 Wait… wait. I don’t think it has anything to do with psychology. B: 比如说，人们看到衣服降价就想买；病人 吃了安慰剂，感觉好多了······
Translation Writing Translation Practice B:当然有了。人们看到便宜的衣服就想买，这是因 为他们觉得自己有一种强烈的心理需求必须得到 满足；病人的病情好转是由于他们不断告诉自己 会好些，最终他们的这种愿望成真。 It does have something to do with psychology. People can't help buying clothes on sale because they have a very powerful psychological need that they feel they must satisfy.Patients who have taken some placebos feel much better because they constantly tell themselves that they will become better,and their strong will makes the wish to get better become reality
Translation Practice B: 当然有了。人们看到便宜的衣服就想买，这是因 为他们觉得自己有一种强烈的心理需求必须得到 满足；病人的病情好转是由于他们不断告诉自己 会好些，最终他们的这种愿望成真。 It does have something to do with psychology. People can’t help buying clothes on sale because they have a very powerful psychological need that they feel they must satisfy. Patients who have taken some placebos feel much better because they constantly tell themselves that they will become better, and their strong will makes the wish to get better become reality