Part Four:Writing and Translation>>Translation Return Knowing About Translation 英、汉两种语言在结构和语义表达方面存在着雷 做直译与意译 同和差异,翻译时有时用直译,有时用意译。直译指 不仅忠实于原文内容而且忠实于原文形式的翻译方法, 要求在保持原文内容的前提下,力求使译文与原文在 选词用字、句法结构、形象比喻及风格特征等方面尽 可能趋同。意译指只忠实原文内容,不拘泥原文结构 形式与修辞手法的翻译方法。译文的语言与原文的语 言在许多情况下并不拥有同样的表达形式来体现同样 的内容
英、汉两种语言在结构和语义表达方面存在着雷 同和差异,翻译时有时用直译,有时用意译。直译指 不仅忠实于原文内容而且忠实于原文形式的翻译方法, 要求在保持原文内容的前提下,力求使译文与原文在 选词用字、句法结构、形象比喻及风格特征等方面尽 可能趋同。意译指只忠实原文内容,不拘泥原文结构 形式与修辞手法的翻译方法。译文的语言与原文的语 言在许多情况下并不拥有同样的表达形式来体现同样 的内容。 直 译 与 意 译 Knowing About Translation Part Four: Writing and Translation >> Translation
Part Four:Writing and Translation>>Translation Return 1.某些习语和短语的翻译: cold war冷战 hot line热线 chain stores连锁商店 black market黑市 pillar industry支柱产业 traffic light交通灯 Blood is thicker than water..血浓于水。 2.含义广为流传,读者较为熟悉的短语、习语等, 直译法 例如: 1)He walked at the head of the funeral procession, and every now and then wiped his crocodile tears with a big handkerchief. 他走在送葬队伍的前头,还不时用一条大手绢抹去 那鳄鱼的眼沮
1. 某些习语和短语的翻译: 直 译 法 cold war 冷战 hot line 热线 chain stores 连锁商店 black market 黑市 pillar industry 支柱产业 traffic light 交通灯 Blood is thicker than water. 血浓于水。 1) He walked at the head of the funeral procession, and every now and then wiped his crocodile tears with a big handkerchief. 2. 含义广为流传,读者较为熟悉的短语、习语等, 例如: Part Four: Writing and Translation >> Translation 他走在送葬队伍的前头,还不时用一条大手绢抹去 那鳄鱼的眼泪
Part Four:Writing and Translation>>Translation Return 2)The Senate Foreign Relations Committee today extended the olive branch to the Clinton Government by pleading for cooperation in developing foreign policy. 参议院外交委员会今天向克林顿政府伸出了橄榄枝,要求在 发展外交政策上合作。 3)In the court action,Alain sprang his trump card by calling a surprise witness. 在法庭诉讼中,阿兰突然打出了他的王牌一请出一位意想不 到的证人
2) The Senate Foreign Relations Committee today extended the olive branch to the Clinton Government by pleading for cooperation in developing foreign policy. Part Four: Writing and Translation >> Translation 参议院外交委员会今天向克林顿政府伸出了橄榄枝,要求在 发展外交政策上合作。 3) In the court action, Alain sprang his trump card by calling a surprise witness. 在法庭诉讼中,阿兰突然打出了他的王牌——请出一位意想不 到的证人
Part Four:Writing and Translation>>Translation Return 3.英语句子结构与中文较为接近时,直译能通顺自然。 例如: 1)"Merry",as you may know,has two meanings: happy and drunk. 你可能知道“MERRY”有两层意思:快乐和醉酒。 2)I'll always remember Thanksgivings as the times we ate good food,sang old-fashioned songs,and shared a lot of love with family and friends. 我将永远记得,感恩节是我们吃美食、唱老歌、与家人 朋友分享爱的时刻。 3)Although I don't visit it often now,it was once the center of my life. 尽管我现在不常去那儿,但那里曾经一度是我生活的中心
3. 英语句子结构与中文较为接近时,直译能通顺自然。 例如: Part Four: Writing and Translation >> Translation 尽管我现在不常去那儿,但那里曾经一度是我生活的中心。 3) Although I don't visit it often now, it was once the center of my life. 我将永远记得,感恩节是我们吃美食、唱老歌、与家人 朋友分享爱的时刻。 2) I'll always remember Thanksgivings as the times we ate good food, sang old-fashioned songs, and shared a lot of love with family and friends. 你可能知道“MERRY”有两层意思:快乐和醉酒。 1) “Merry”, as you may know, has two meanings: happy and drunk
Part Four:Writing and Translation>>Translation Return 由于语言的差异,有时很难保持逐字对等且保持 原文结构和语义,在这种情况下,就得借助意译。美 国著名翻译学家奈达(Nida)提出在翻译中改变形式, 使用意译的五个条件: 1)直译会导致意义上的错误时; 意译法 2)引入外来语形成语义空白,读者可能自已填 入错误的意义时; 3)形式对等引起严重的意义晦涩时; 4)形式对等引起作者原意所没有的歧义时: 5)形式对等违反目的语的语法或文体规范时
由于语言的差异,有时很难保持逐字对等且保持 原文结构和语义,在这种情况下,就得借助意译。美 国著名翻译学家奈达(Nida)提出在翻译中改变形式, 使用意译的五个条件: 意 译 法 1)直译会导致意义上的错误时; 2)引入外来语形成语义空白,读者可能自己填 入错误的意义时; 3)形式对等引起严重的意义晦涩时; 4)形式对等引起作者原意所没有的歧义时; 5)形式对等违反目的语的语法或文体规范时。 Part Four: Writing and Translation >> Translation
Part Four:Writing and Translation>>Translation Return 中西方在历史渊源、文化传统、风俗习惯、地理环境等诸多 方面存在差异,这种差异反应在语言表达上,就是翻译时应 该不拘泥于原文的语法结构,需要根据汉语的习惯进行调整, 使意思得以较为完整地转换,主要有以下几种情况: 1.英语和中文表达的语义有较大差异,需要按照汉语习惯 进行表达,以避免违反文化习惯。例如: 1)It rains cats and dogs.大雨滂沱。 2)Every dog has his day.人人都有得意的日子
中西方在历史渊源、文化传统、风俗习惯、地理环境等诸多 方面存在差异,这种差异反应在语言表达上,就是翻译时应 该不拘泥于原文的语法结构,需要根据汉语的习惯进行调整, 使意思得以较为完整地转换, 主要有以下几种情况: 1.英语和中文表达的语义有较大差异,需要按照汉语习惯 进行表达,以避免违反文化习惯。 例如: Part Four: Writing and Translation >> Translation 2) Every dog has his day. 人人都有得意的日子。 1) It rains cats and dogs. 大雨滂沱
Part Four:Writing and Translation>>Translation Return 2.英译汉时能找到汉语的对等含义,但是语义有所差异, 按照汉语的语言习惯表达。例如: 1)Where there is a will,there is a way.有志者事竟成。 2)Practice makes perfect..熟能生巧。 3)One boy is a boy,two boys half a boy,three boys no boy. 一个和尚挑水吃,两个和尚抬水吃,三个和尚没水吃。 4)Everyone seems much friendlier to each other than usual at Christmastime. 在圣诞节期间,对大家来说,人与人之间似乎都要比 平时友好得多
2.英译汉时能找到汉语的对等含义,但是语义有所差异, 按照汉语的语言习惯表达 。例如: 1) Where there is a will, there is a way. Part Four: Writing and Translation >> Translation 在圣诞节期间,对大家来说,人与人之间似乎都要比 平时友好得多。 4) Everyone seems much friendlier to each other than usual at Christmastime. 一个和尚挑水吃,两个和尚抬水吃,三个和尚没水吃。 3) One boy is a boy, two boys half a boy, three boys no boy. 2) Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。 有志者事竟成
Part Four:Writing and Translation>>Translation Return 3.根据上下文语境,对有些词汇、句式进行适当调整、转换。 例如: 1)First of all,Christmas takes you out of the ordinary routine of life. 首先,圣诞节使你摆脱日常生活的轨道。 2)They give us a reason to forget routine,to celebrate, and to make memories. 节日使我们有理由忘掉日常的惯例,去庆祝、去做值得 回忆的事情
3.根据上下文语境,对有些词汇、句式进行适当调整、转换 。 例如: 1) First of all, Christmas takes you out of the ordinary routine of life. Part Four: Writing and Translation >> Translation 节日使我们有理由忘掉日常的惯例,去庆祝、去做值得 回忆的事情。 2) They give us a reason to forget routine, to celebrate, and to make memories. 首先,圣诞节使你摆脱日常生活的轨道
Part Four:Writing and Translation >Translation Return 3)The spirit of the Thanksgiving holiday promotes life, friendship,closeness and family unity. 其实,感恩节的宗旨就是提升生活,增进友谊、亲密关系 和家庭团结。 4)They seemed to be perfectly compatible,both intellectually and spiritually. 他们才情并茂,精神融洽。 5)Then,in September,1846,in a secret marriage ceremony,Elizabeth Barrett became Elizabeth Barrett Browning. 1846年9月,他们举行了婚礼,仪式是秘密进行的,于是伊 丽莎白·巴雷特变成了伊丽莎白·巴雷特·勃朗宁
3) The spirit of the Thanksgiving holiday promotes life, friendship, closeness and family unity. Part Four: Writing and Translation >> Translation 1846年9月,他们举行了婚礼,仪式是秘密进行的,于是伊 丽莎白·巴雷特变成了伊丽莎白·巴雷特·勃朗宁。 5) Then, in September, 1846, in a secret marriage ceremony, Elizabeth Barrett became Elizabeth Barrett Browning. 他们才情并茂,精神融洽。 4) They seemed to be perfectly compatible, both intellectually and spiritually. 其实,感恩节的宗旨就是提升生活,增进友谊、亲密关系 和家庭团结
Part Four:Writing and Translation>>Translation Return Translation Practice Translate the Following Phrases Translate the Following Sentences
Translation Practice Translate the Following Phrases Translate the Following Sentences Part Four: Writing and Translation >> Translation