汽车专题翻译 Passage one The engine is the heart of the automobile, because it converts the fuel energy into mechanical power for it. Without the engine, the automobile cannot move. There is a cooling system which is needed for engine cooling so that it does not become too hot and a lubrication system is needed for lubricating the bearing surfaces. a starting motor is fitted on the automobile which is just the power to start the engine turning There is an electrical system in the automobile. E lectricity for the igniting on process, the lights and other electrical equipment is provided by a dynamo and a battery. The dynamo is the power station of the automobile. It works only when the engine is running The battery provides a means of storing electricity which can be used when the dynamo is not operating and it must be kept well charged The transmission system consisting of clutch, gearbox, propeller shaft and axles belongs to the chassis, which is also an important system of the automobile. This system is a series of assemblies whose purpose is to transmit the power of the engine to the drive wheels of these is the clutch assembly. It disconnects the remainder of the transmission sy stem from the engine, when necessary, so that the various gears in the gearbox can be engaged The gearbox is quite a complicated assembly of gears of different sizes. It is so The ged that certain combinations of gears can be engaged to enable one to drive another. he rear axle is connected to the gearbox by a long tube known as the propeller shaft The suspension system is another important system fitted on the chassis of the automobile and used for transmitting force between the ground and the automobile and reducing vibration of the automobile caused by the wheels when running over undulations of the road. Some automobiles are fitted with air suspension systems and some with spring suspension systems The steering mechanism is needed to guide the automobile in the right direction Brakes are used to stop the automobile while it is in motion. In short, each part of the automobile designed by the engineers does its own job Passage two There are actually various types of engines such as electric motors, steam engines, and internal combustion engines. These engines have all successfully operated all kind of automobile, but the internal combustion engines seem to have almost complete dominance of the automotive field. The internal combustion eng ine as its name ind icates, burns fuel within the cylinders and converts the expanding force of the combustion inte rotary force used to propel the vehicle The internal combustion engines can be made to operate on almost anything that can be converted into a gas that will burn: wood, coal, alcohol, vegetable oils, mineral oils, etc. However, because of convenience, a wide variety of petroleum products are used as fuel: gasoline, kerosene, fuel oil, liquefied petroleum gas(LP-Gas), etc. So, accord ing to the fuel energy they use, the internal combustion engines can also be classified as gasoline engines, kerosene engines, diesel engines and LP-Gas engines
汽车专题翻译 Passage One The engine is the heart of the automobile, because it converts the fuel energy into mechanical power for it. Without the engine, the automobile cannot move. There is a cooling system which is needed for engine cooling so that it does not become too hot, and a lubrication system is needed for lubricating the bearing surfaces. A starting motor is fitted on the automobile which is just the power to start the engine turning. There is an electrical system in the automobile. Electricity for the igniting on process, the lights and other electrical equipment is provided by a dynamo and a battery. The dynamo is the power station of the automobile. It works only when the engine is running. The battery provides a means of storing electricity which can be used when the dynamo is not operating and it must be kept well charged. The transmission system consisting of clutch, gearbox, propeller shaft and axles belongs to the chassis, which is also an important system of the automobile. This system is a series of assemblies whose purpose is to transmit the power of the engine to the drive wheels. The first of these is the clutch assembly. It disconnects the remainder of the transmission system from the engine, when necessary, so that the various gears in the gearbox can be engaged. The gearbox is quite a complicated assembly of gears of different sizes. It is so arranged that certain combinations of gears can be engaged to enable one to drive another. The rear axle is connected to the gearbox by a long tube known as the propeller shaft. The suspension system is another important system fitted on the chassis of the automobile and used for transmitting force between the ground and the automobile and reducing vibration of the automobile caused by the wheels when running over undulations of the road. Some automobiles are fitted with air suspension systems and some with spring suspension systems. The steering mechanism is needed to guide the automobile in the right direction. Brakes are used to stop the automobile while it is in motion. In short, each part of the automobile designed by the engineers does its own job. Passage Two There are actually various types of engines such as electric motors, steam engines, and internal combustion engines. These engines have all successfully operated all kinds of automobile, but the internal combustion engines seem to have almost complete dominance of the automotive field. The internal combustion engine, as its name indicates, burns fuel within the cylinders and converts the expanding force of the combustion into rotary force used to propel the vehicle. The internal combustion engines can be made to operate on almost anything that can be converted into a gas that will burn: wood, coal, alcohol, vegetable oils, mineral oils, etc. However, because of convenience, a wide variety of petroleum products are used as fuel: gasoline, kerosene, fuel oil, liquefied petroleum gas (LP-Gas), etc. So, according to the fuel energy they use, the internal combustion engines can also be classified as gasoline engines, kerosene engines, diesel engines and LP-Gas engines
The internal combustion engines used in automotive vehicles are mainly of two basic ypes: two-stroke-cycle and four-stroke-cycle. Either may be water-cooled or air-cooled However, most automobile engines operate on the four-stroke-cycle This type of engine is known as Otto cycle, after the name of its inventor, Nikolaus Otto. Each cylinder of the four-stroke-cycle engine has a piston, which reciprocates (move back and forth) within the cylinder. Each piston is connected to the crankshaft by means of a link known as a connecting rod The power production cycle consists of four strokes of the piston in a reciprocating engine. The first stroke draws the combustible mixture. The second stroke compresses the mixture. The third stroke creates the power of combustion. The final stroke forces burned gases out of the cylinder. The operating sequence of a four-cycle eng ine can specifically be described as follow In the first place, as the piston moves downward to the bottom Dead Center, a vacuum is created in the cylinder. The intake valve opens and air fuel mixture enters the cylinder Next, the air-fuel mixture is compressed as the piston moves upward. The spark plug is fired to ignite the air-fuel mixture prior to the piston being at the Top Dead Center. Note that both valves are closed. Then, the air-fuel mixture explodes, which forces the piston downward. Note that both valves are closed Finally, as the piston starts to move upward the exhaust valve is opened. The piston moving up forces the exhaust gases out of the cylinder. This four-stroke-cycle of piston within the cylinder is repeated time and again to push the vehicle forward Although many advanced technologies have been applied to the improvement of automobile engines, scientists have still been making efforts to concentrate the future development of engines on the three targets: reducing fuel consumption, lowering exhaust emissions, and reducing engine noise. The three targets are actually interrelated For example, reduced fuel consumption can reduce carbon dioxide emission, which a long period of time, may cause problems with the earth's climate. So, the fut developments must endeavor to achieve the three targets simultaneously
The internal combustion engines used in automotive vehicles are mainly of two basic types: two-stroke-cycle and four-stroke-cycle. Either may be water-cooled or air-cooled. However, most automobile engines operate on the four-stroke-cycle. This type of engine is known as Otto cycle, after the name of its inventor, Nikolaus Otto. Each cylinder of the four-stroke-cycle engine has a piston, which reciprocates (move back and forth) within the cylinder. Each piston is connected to the crankshaft by means of a link known as a connecting rod. The power production cycle consists of four strokes of the piston in a reciprocating engine. The first stroke draws the combustible mixture. The second stroke compresses the mixture. The third stroke creates the power of combustion. The final stroke forces burned gases out of the cylinder. The operating sequence of a four-cycle engine can specifically be described as follow: In the first place, as the piston moves downward to the Bottom Dead Center, a vacuum is created in the cylinder. The intake valve opens and air-fuel mixture enters the cylinder. Next, the air-fuel mixture is compressed as the piston moves upward. The spark plug is fired to ignite the air-fuel mixture prior to the piston being at the Top Dead Center. Note that both valves are closed. Then, the air-fuel mixture explodes, which forces the piston downward. Note that both valves are closed. Finally, as the piston starts to move upward, the exhaust valve is opened. The piston moving up forces the exhaust gases out of the cylinder. This four-stroke-cycle of piston within the cylinder is repeated time and again to push the vehicle forward. Although many advanced technologies have been applied to the improvement of automobile engines, scientists have still been making efforts to concentrate the future development of engines on the three targets: reducing fuel consumption, lowering exhaust emissions, and reducing engine noise. The three targets are actually interrelated. For example, reduced fuel consumption can reduce carbon dioxide emission, which, over a long period of time, may cause problems with the earth's climate. So, the future developments must endeavor to achieve the three targets simultaneously