翻译下面的段落,并写出翻译体会。 a new digital revolution is coming. this time in fabrication It draws on the same sights that led to the earlier digitizations of communication and computation but now what is being programmed is the physical world rather than the virtual one Digital fabrication will allow individuals to design and produce tangible objects on demand, wherever and whenever they need them. widespread access to these technologies will challenge trad itional models of business, aid, and education The roots of the revolution date back to 1952. when researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT) wired an early digital computer to a milling mach ine, creating the first numerically controlled machine tool. By using a computer program instead of a machinist to turn the screws that moved the metal stock, the researchers were able to produce aircraft components with shapes that were more complex than could be made by hand. From that first revolving end mill, all sorts of cutting tools have been mounted on computer-controlled platforms, includ ing jets of water abrasives that can cut through hard materials, lasers that can quickly carve fine features, and slender electrically charged wires that can make long thin CutS Today, numerically controlled machines touch almost every commercial product whether directly(producing everything from laptop cases to jet engines ) or ind irectly (producing the tools that mold and stamp mass-produced goods ) And yet all these modern descendants of the first numerically controlled machine tool share its original limitation: they can cut, but they cannot reach internal structures. This means, for example, that the axle of a wheel must be manufactured separately from the bearing it passes through
翻译下面的段落，并写出翻译体会。 A new digital revolution is coming, this time in fabrication. It draws on the same insights that led to the earlier digitizations of communication and computation, but now what is being programmed is the physical world rather than the virtual one. Digital fabrication will allow individuals to design and produce tangible objects on demand, wherever and whenever they need them. Widespread access to these technologies will challenge traditional models of business, aid, and education. The roots of the revolution date back to 1952, when researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) wired an early digital computer to a milling machine, creating the first numerically controlled machine tool. By using a computer program instead of a machinist to turn the screws that moved the metal stock, the researchers were able to produce aircraft components with shapes that were more complex than could be made by hand. From that first revolving end mill, all sorts of cutting tools have been mounted on computer-controlled platforms, including jets of water abrasives that can cut through hard materials, lasers that can quickly carve fine features, and slender electrically charged wires that can make long thin cuts. Today, numerically controlled machines touch almost every commercial product, whether directly (producing everything from laptop cases to jet engines) or indirectly (producing the tools that mold and stamp mass-produced goods). And yet all these modern descendants of the first numerically controlled machine tool share its original limitation: they can cut, but they cannot reach internal structures. This means, for example, that the axle of a wheel must be manufactured separately from the bearing it passes through
新的数字造物革命正在席卷而来。像以前一样,同样是在屏幕上写东西,只 是这次是为了操控实际世界,而不是虛拟世界。通过数字造物,个人能够随时随 地的设计并生产出实用的物品来。同时这种技术的传播也会对传统的商业,国际 援助和教育带来巨大挑战 追溯到1952年,一群M|T的科学家将一台早期的电脑安装在一台钻床上,制 造出了世界上的第一台数控机床。通过计算机编程取代了机械师手动操控工件, 科学家们可以制造出形状更加复杂的飞机零部件。从成功的用数字控制数字钻床 起,几乎所有种类的工业生产机床都嵌入了计算机数控平台,制造出了一大批新 型设备,包括用高速带磨粒的喷射水流可以切断坚硬的材料的水刀,激光可以快 速的雕刻出漂亮的形状的激光雕刻机,通电的细长导线可以进行很长很细的切割 的线切割机。 今天,数字控制化的机床几乎触及到了所有的商业化生产领域,无论直接或 间接。但是所有基于第一代数控发展而来的现代机床都显示出了一种通病:他们 可以切割,但是无法处理工件的内部结构。什么意思呢?举个例子,安装轮子的 车轴必须跟轴承分离制造。 在1980年,市场上出现了一种数字控制的有别于传统减材制造的新型制造 方式(增材制造)。正是由于3-D打印的出现,使得同一个机器的车轴和轴承 能够同时生产。大范围的3D打印已经得到应用,如热熔挤压塑料,紫外光固化 粉末粘合,切割和层压和粉末激光烧结。商业上已经利用3D打印在产品大规模 生产前进行快速成型制作模具。大公司利用这项技术来制造一些形状复杂的物体 例如珠宝,医学植入材料。研究人员甚至使用3D打印在细胞外建立活体器官 Wired to The economist杂志,头版头条曾发布过这样一篇文章“增材制造 已经在大范围内被认为是一场革命。”但是这场革命让人有一些疑惑,因为有关 他的新闻报道基本上都是有旁人所发布,而不是它的开创者。在一间装备齐全的 工作室,3D打印大概只用来完成一小部分工作,剩下都由其他机器配合完成。 个原因是3D打印实在是太慢了。它要花费好几个小时甚至几天才能制作出 件东西,但其他的数控机器可以更快的制作出精度更高体积更大,更轻或者结构 更强的工件。如今对3D打印大加褒扬的各种文章如同上世纪50年代宣告微波炉 将会是厨房的未来的文章一样。虽然微波炉很方便,但是它并没有取代传统的炊 事方式。 这并不是一场与传统减材制造相对抗的革命。更多的是倾向于数字到实物或者 实物到数字。在一些方面,这有点类似于计算机的发展历史。1950年,计算机 行业迈出一大步,进入是大型机时代。但是只有大公司,政府和高端研究机构买
