科技英语的翻译标准 译例分析 Velocity(速度) changes if ei ther the speed(速率) or the direction changes 假如力的大小或方向改变了,速度跟着要变化。 如果速率和方向有一个发生变化,则运动速度也随之发生变化。 Oil and gas will continue to be our chief source of fuel. 油和气体将继续是燃料的主要来源 石油和天然气将继续是燃料的主要来源。 We shall mention here two temperature scales, namely, the Fahrenheit scale and the Centigrade scale. 这里我们将提及两种温度计,华氏表和摄氏表 这里我们将提及两种温标,华氏温标和摄氏温标。 Three of Archimedes' extant works are devoted to plane geometry. 阿基米德现存的三部著作都是献给平面几何的 阿基米德现存的著作中有三本是专门论述平面几何的。 由以上译例我们得出科技英语翻译的第一个标准:准确规范 练习: The power plant is the heart of a shil 发动机是船舶的心脏 The power unit for driving the machines is a 50-hp induction motor. 驱动机器的动力装置是一台五十马力的感应电机 译例分析 Distillation involves heating the solution until water evaporates, and then condensing the vapor 蒸馏就是加热溶液直到水蒸发,然后冷凝蒸汽。 蒸馏就是加热溶液,直到溶液变成蒸汽,然后再将蒸汽冷凝。 When a person sees, smells, hears, or touches something, then he is perceiving. 当一个人看、闻、听或触到某物时,他是在察觉。 当一个人用眼睛看东西,用鼻子闻气味,用耳朵听声音或用手触摸物体时,他是在 运用感官在感知。 A material object can not have a speed greater than the speed of light. 个物体不会有大于光速的速度。 物体的速度决不会超过光速。 由以上译例得知科技英语翻译的第二个标准:通顺易懂 练习: Semiconductor devices, called transistors, are replacing tubes in many applications. 半导体元件又叫晶体管,正在许多方面取代电子管 Cramped condition means that passengers' legs cannot move around freely. 空间狭窄,旅客的两腿不能自由伸展 All bodies are known to possess weight and occupy space. 我们知道,所有的物体都有重量并占据空间
科技英语的翻译标准 译例分析 Velocity（速度） changes if either the speed（速率） or the direction changes. 假如力的大小或方向改变了，速度跟着要变化。 如果速率和方向有一个发生变化，则运动速度也随之发生变化。 Oil and gas will continue to be our chief source of fuel. 油和气体将继续是燃料的主要来源。 石油和天然气将继续是燃料的主要来源。 We shall mention here two temperature scales, namely, the Fahrenheit scale and the Centigrade scale. 这里我们将提及两种温度计，华氏表和摄氏表。 这里我们将提及两种温标，华氏温标和摄氏温标。 Three of Archimedes’ extant works are devoted to plane geometry. 阿基米德现存的三部著作都是献给平面几何的。 阿基米德现存的著作中有三本是专门论述平面几何的。 由以上译例我们得出科技英语翻译的第一个标准:准确规范 练习： The power plant is the heart of a ship. 发动机是船舶的心脏。 The power unit for driving the machines is a 50-hp induction motor. 驱动机器的动力装置是一台五十马力的感应电机。 译例分析 Distillation involves heating the solution until water evaporates, and then condensing the vapor. 蒸馏就是加热溶液直到水蒸发，然后冷凝蒸汽。 蒸馏就是加热溶液，直到溶液变成蒸汽，然后再将蒸汽冷凝。 When a person sees, smells, hears, or touches something, then he is perceiving. 当一个人看、闻、听或触到某物时，他是在察觉。 当一个人用眼睛看东西，用鼻子闻气味，用耳朵听声音或用手触摸物体时，他是在 运用感官在感知。 A material object can not have a speed greater than the speed of light. 一个物体不会有大于光速的速度。 物体的速度决不会超过光速。 由以上译例得知科技英语翻译的第二个标准：通顺易懂 练习： Semiconductor devices, called transistors, are replacing tubes in many applications. 半导体元件又叫晶体管，正在许多方面取代电子管。 Cramped condition means that passengers’ legs cannot move around freely. 空间狭窄，旅客的两腿不能自由伸展。 All bodies are known to possess weight and occupy space. 我们知道，所有的物体都有重量并占据空间
译例分析 It is forbidden to dismantle it without permission so as to avoid any damage to its parts. 为了避免损坏设备的零件,未经许可不得拆卸该设备。严禁乱拆,以免损坏该设 备的零件。 It should be realized that magnetic forces and electric forces are not the same 这一点我们应当认识到,那就是磁力和电力是不一样的。我们应该认识到,磁力和 电力是不同的。 All living things must, by reason of phy siological limitations, die. 由于生理上的局限性的原因,一切生物总是要死亡的。由于生理局限所有生物都必 然会死亡 由以上译例得出科技英语翻译的第三个标准:简洁明晰 翻译练习: The remova1 of minerals from water is called softening(水软化) 从水中去除矿物质叫水软化。 a typical foliage leaf(营养叶) of a pant belonging to the dictyledons (双子叶植物) is composed of two principal parts: blade(叶片) and petiole (叶柄) 双子叶植物典型的营养叶主要由两大部分组成:叶片和叶柄 翻译的一般方法 译例分析: Physics studies force, motion, heat, light, sound, electricity, magnetism radiation, and atomic structure. 物理学专门研究力、运动、热、光、声电、磁、辐射和原子结构 The igniter combustion(点剂燃烧) often produces hot condensed particles. 这种点剂燃烧常常产生热凝颗粒。 The outcome of a test is not always predictable. 试验的结果并不是总是可以预料的。 以上翻译不仅保留了原文的内容而且保留了原文的形式,也就是说原文的语序、词 序、语法结构、修辞方法等都不变。我们把这种翻译方法叫做直译。这种情形可遇 不可求,因为英语在形式上与汉语恰好一致的情形是不多的。翻译中能直译则尽量 直译。 译例分析 Resistors are available either in fixed values or variable values 电阻器有固定电阻和可变电阻两种。 We can get more current from cells connected in parallel 电池并联时向我们提供的电流更大。 All four outer planets probably have cores of metals, silicates and water. 这四颗外层行星的内核可能都是由金属、硅酸盐和水构成。 The law of reflection holds good (E F) for all surfaces. 反射定律对一切表面都适用。 翻译中最好既照顾内容又照顾形式,也就是说最好直译。以上译例无法照顾形式, 只能够把意思译出来,因此这种翻译方法叫做意译
译例分析 It is forbidden to dismantle it without permission so as to avoid any damage to its parts. 为了避免损坏设备的零件，未经许可不得拆卸该设备。 严禁乱拆，以免损坏该设 备的零件。 It should be realized that magnetic forces and electric forces are not the same. 这一点我们应当认识到，那就是磁力和电力是不一样的。我们应该认识到，磁力和 电力是不同的。 All living things must, by reason of physiological limitations, die. 由于生理上的局限性的原因，一切生物总是要死亡的。由于生理局限所有生物都必 然会死亡。 由以上译例得出科技英语翻译的第三个标准:简洁明晰 翻译练习： The removal of minerals from water is called softening（水软化）. 从水中去除矿物质叫水软化。 A typical foliage leaf（营养叶） of a pant belonging to the dictyledons （双子叶植物） is composed of two principal parts: blade（叶片） and petiole （叶柄）. 双子叶植物典型的营养叶主要由两大部分组成：叶片和叶柄。 翻译的一般方法 译例分析： Physics studies force, motion, heat, light, sound, electricity, magnetism, radiation, and atomic structure. 物理学专门研究力、运动、热、光、声、电、磁、辐射和原子结构。 The igniter combustion(点剂燃烧） often produces hot condensed particles. 这种点剂燃烧常常产生热凝颗粒。 The outcome of a test is not always predictable. 试验的结果并不是总是可以预料的。 以上翻译不仅保留了原文的内容而且保留了原文的形式，也就是说原文的语序、词 序、语法结构、修辞方法等都不变。我们把这种翻译方法叫做直译。这种情形可遇 不可求，因为英语在形式上与汉语恰好一致的情形是不多的。翻译中能直译则尽量 直译。 译例分析 Resistors are available either in fixed values or variable values. 电阻器有固定电阻和可变电阻两种。 We can get more current from cells connected in parallel. 电池并联时向我们提供的电流更大。 All four outer planets probably have cores of metals, silicates and water. 这四颗外层行星的内核可能都是由金属、硅酸盐和水构成。 The law of reflection holds good (管用）for all surfaces. 反射定律对一切表面都适用。 翻译中最好既照顾内容又照顾形式，也就是说最好直译。以上译例无法照顾形式， 只能够把意思译出来，因此这种翻译方法叫做意译
翻译练习 The designer must have access(可以到达;可以使用) to stock lists(库存单) of th terials h 设计师有权调阅他所用材料的库存单。 Part adjustment and repair must be performed on a regular basis if an acceptable printed product is to be the end product(最后产物) 要使印刷品的质量达到要求,必须定期进行部件调试和维修。 Einstein's relativity theory is the only one which can explain such 只有爱因斯坦的相对论才能够解释这些现象。 译例分析 Leaves are to the plant what lungs are to the animal. 植物的叶子好比动物的肺。 There are some metals which possess the power to conduct electricity and ability to be magnetized. 有些金属具有导电能力,并且能够被磁化。 Pollen tube(花粉管) is defined as the tube through which pollen passes into the ovary(子房) 花粉管可定义为花粉进入子房要穿过的管道 以上译例都属于意译范畴,具体来讲是将两个或两个以上的简单句或复合句用一个 单句来翻译。我们把这种翻译方法叫做合译。 译例分析 With the same number of protons, all nuclei of a given element may have different numbers of neutrons 尽管某一元素的原子核都含有相同数目的质子,但它们的中子数可能不一样。(介 词短语变成了从句) Self-1 lubrication(自动润滑) can also be obtained with plastic bearings which also provide freedom from corrosion and quiet operation. 塑料轴承不仅可以实现自动润滑,而且耐腐蚀,运转噪音小(名词词组成句)。 A brief summary of the gas generation schemes(煤气生产流程) facilitates the dr process(还原工艺) description 先简要地介绍一下煤气生产流程,再说明还原工艺就会方便很多(名词短语变成了 条件句)。 从以上译例中我们发现,我们把小的语言单位扩充成大的语言单位,即我们把词、 词组、短语等变成了句。这种翻译方法我们称做分译 翻译练习 The most important factors affecting plant growth is that it requires the supply of water. 影响植物生长最重要的因素是水。 The doctor analyzed the blood sample for anemia 医生对血样作了分析,以判别惠者是否患有白血病 The apparent change in size of the sun is caused by dust in the air near the horizon 太阳的大小看上去会有所不同,是因为靠近地平线上的空中悬浮尘埃的缘故
翻译练习 The designer must have access(可以到达;可以使用) to stock lists(库存单） of the materials he employs. 设计师有权调阅他所用材料的库存单。 Part adjustment and repair must be performed on a regular basis if an acceptable printed product is to be the end product(最后产物）. 要使印刷品的质量达到要求，必须定期进行部件调试和维修。 Einstein’s relativity theory is the only one which can explain such phenomena. 只有爱因斯坦的相对论才能够解释这些现象。 译例分析 Leaves are to the plant what lungs are to the animal. 植物的叶子好比动物的肺。 There are some metals which possess the power to conduct electricity and ability to be magnetized. 有些金属具有导电能力，并且能够被磁化。 Pollen tube（花粉管） is defined as the tube through which pollen passes into the ovary（子房）. 花粉管可定义为花粉进入子房要穿过的管道。 以上译例都属于意译范畴，具体来讲是将两个或两个以上的简单句或复合句用一个 单句来翻译。我们把这种翻译方法叫做合译。 译例分析 With the same number of protons, all nuclei of a given element may have different numbers of neutrons. 尽管某一元素的原子核都含有相同数目的质子，但它们的中子数可能不一样。（介 词短语变成了从句） Self-lubrication（自动润滑） can also be obtained with plastic bearings which also provide freedom from corrosion and quiet operation. 塑料轴承不仅可以实现自动润滑，而且耐腐蚀，运转噪音小（名词词组成句）。 A brief summary of the gas generation schemes（煤气生产流程） facilitates the DR process （还原工艺）description. 先简要地介绍一下煤气生产流程，再说明还原工艺就会方便很多（名词短语变成了 条件句）。 从以上译例中我们发现，我们把小的语言单位扩充成大的语言单位，即我们把词、 词组、短语等变成了句。这种翻译方法我们称做分译。 翻译练习 The most important factors affecting plant growth is that it requires the supply of water. 影响植物生长最重要的因素是水。 The doctor analyzed the blood sample for anemia. 医生对血样作了分析，以判别患者是否患有白血病。 The apparent change in size of the sun is caused by dust in the air near the horizon. 太阳的大小看上去会有所不同，是因为靠近地平线上的空中悬浮尘埃的缘故
These fragments of rock and iron range from a thousand kilometers in diameter to less than one 这些石块和铁块大小不等,大的直径有一千公里,小的不足一公里。 Manufacturing processes may be classified as unit production with small quantities being made and mass production with large numbers of identical parts being produced. 制造过程可分为批件生产和批量生产。前者生产量小,后者生产量大。 增译:译例分析 Stems provide mechanical support for leaves in erect(直立的) plants and are an axis for attached leaves in horizonta1(水平的) plants 茎为垂直方向生长的植物提供机械支撑,为水平方向生长的植物的叶片附着提供中 轴 The amount of respiration depends upon the degree of activity of the organi sm. 生物体呼吸量的大小取决于其活动量的大小。 High technology (FGFFR) is providing visually and hearing impaired people with increased self- -sufficiency(自理).高科技装置增强了视听障碍人士的自 理能力。 从以上译例中我们知道,翻译时需要增加一些词,才能更符合汉语的表达习惯和修 辞需要 省译:译例分析 For the purpose of our discussion, let' s neglect the friction. 为了讨论方便,我们将摩擦力忽略不计 Little information is given about the origin of life. 关于生命起源的资料很少。 a person with nerve damage in the spinal cord can grasp objects when his or her forearm muscles are activated by a device like this one. 一个脊椎神经受损的人可用这样的装置激活前臂肌肉,以便抓取东西。 The coupling bolts should go into place when tapped lightly with a hammer. 用榔头轻轻敲击可将接合螺母钉入位置 A person with nerve damage in the spinal cord can grasp objects when his or her forearm muscles are activated by a device like this one. 个脊椎神经受损的人可用这样的装置激活前臂肌肉,以便抓取东西 The coupling bolts should go into place when tapped lightly with a hammer. 用榔头轻轻敲击可将接合螺母钉入位置 增译省译练习 Cartography is the science of making map s.制图学是研究绘制地图的科学。 Many elements in nature are found to be the mixtures of different isotopes 人们发现,自然界很多元素只是不同同位素的混合物。 That like charges repel but opposite charges attract is one of the fundamental laws of electricity. 同性电荷相排斥异性电荷相吸引是电学的一个基本规律。 顺译与倒译译例分析 直译与顺译的区别:直译在语序、词序、词性、语法结构、修辞等方面都与原文相
These fragments of rock and iron range from a thousand kilometers in diameter to less than one. 这些石块和铁块大小不等，大的直径有一千公里，小的不足一公里。 Manufacturing processes may be classified as unit production with small quantities being made and mass production with large numbers of identical parts being produced. 制造过程可分为批件生产和批量生产。前者生产量小，后者生产量大。 增译：译例分析 Stems provide mechanical support for leaves in erect （直立的）plants and are an axis for attached leaves in horizontal（水平的） plants. 茎为垂直方向生长的植物提供机械支撑，为水平方向生长的植物的叶片附着提供中 轴。 The amount of respiration depends upon the degree of activity of the organism. 生物体呼吸量的大小取决于其活动量的大小。 High technology（高科技） is providing visually and hearing impaired people with increased self-sufficiency（自理）.高科技装置增强了视听障碍人士的自 理能力。 从以上译例中我们知道，翻译时需要增加一些词，才能更符合汉语的表达习惯和修 辞需要。 省译：译例分析 For the purpose of our discussion, let’s neglect the friction. 为了讨论方便，我们将摩擦力忽略不计. Little information is given about the origin of life. 关于生命起源的资料很少。 A person with nerve damage in the spinal cord can grasp objects when his or her forearm muscles are activated by a device like this one. 一个脊椎神经受损的人可用这样的装置激活前臂肌肉，以便抓取东西。 The coupling bolts should go into place when tapped lightly with a hammer. 用榔头轻轻敲击可将接合螺母钉入位置。 A person with nerve damage in the spinal cord can grasp objects when his or her forearm muscles are activated by a device like this one. 一个脊椎神经受损的人可用这样的装置激活前臂肌肉，以便抓取东西。 The coupling bolts should go into place when tapped lightly with a hammer. 用榔头轻轻敲击可将接合螺母钉入位置。 增译省译练习 Cartography is the science of making maps.制图学是研究绘制地图的科学。 Many elements in nature are found to be the mixtures of different isotopes. 人们发现，自然界很多元素只是不同同位素的混合物。 That like charges repel but opposite charges attract is one of the fundamental laws of electricity. 同性电荷相排斥异性电荷相吸引是电学的一个基本规律。 顺译与倒译译例分析 直译与顺译的区别：直译在语序、词序、词性、语法结构、修辞等方面都与原文相
同,而顺译只是在语序方面相同,其他方面则不尽然,如: My death will make you happy. 直译:我的死会让你开心。 顺译:我死了你就开心了 The ny lon nut must not protrude above the metal surface. 尼龙螺母不应高出金属表面。 The sodium silicate makes the cork powder stick to the mode surface. 硅酸钠能使软木粉粘在模具表面 Space programs demand tremendous quantities of liquid hydrogen and oxygen as rocket fuel 航天计划需要大量的液态氢和液态氧作为火箭燃料。 倒译译例 Mr. Zhang from Ministry of Foreign Affairs 外交部来的张先生 Thus the bending stress is very easily computed. 因此很容易算出其弯曲应力。 Too large a current must not be used. 所用的电流千万不能过大 The converse effect is the cooling of a gas when it expands 气体膨胀时对其冷却是一种逆效应。 Either or both windings may be excited by alternating or direct currents. 交流电直流电都有可能激励两个或其中一个绕组。 顺译倒译练习 Almost any insulated body possesses to some extent the ability to retain for a time an electric charge 几乎任何一种绝缘体或多或少都具有一种能将电荷保留一段时间的能力。 The angular- contact bearing(向心止推滚动轴承) provides a greater thrust capacity(轴向承载能力) 向心止推滚动轴承具有更大的轴向承载能力。 The properties of the weld can be altered by varying the grain orientation (H 粒取向) 可以通过改变晶粒取向改变焊缝性能。 翻译中词义的选择 根据词类: The earthquake measured 6. 5 on the Richter scale. 这次地震强度为里氏6.5级。 The thickness of a tooth(齿轮) measured along the pitch circle(节圆) is one half the circular pitch(周节) 沿节圆所测得的齿厚是周节的一半。 We must reflect what measures to take in case of any accidental collapse of a bed(矿床) 我们必须考虑一下如果矿床意外坍塌该采取什么措施。 翻译练习 The spindle(锭子) rotates simultaneous1y(同时地) round two axes(轴)
同，而顺译只是在语序方面相同，其他方面则不尽然，如： My death will make you happy. 直译：我的死会让你开心。 顺译：我死了你就开心了。 The nylon nut must not protrude above the metal surface. 尼龙螺母不应高出金属表面。 The sodium silicate makes the cork powder stick to the mode surface. 硅酸钠能使软木粉粘在模具表面。 Space programs demand tremendous quantities of liquid hydrogen and oxygen as rocket fuel. 航天计划需要大量的液态氢和液态氧作为火箭燃料。 倒译译例 Mr. Zhang from Ministry of Foreign Affairs 外交部来的张先生 Thus the bending stress is very easily computed. 因此很容易算出其弯曲应力。 Too large a current must not be used. 所用的电流千万不能过大。 The converse effect is the cooling of a gas when it expands. 气体膨胀时对其冷却是一种逆效应。 Either or both windings may be excited by alternating or direct currents. 交流电直流电都有可能激励两个或其中一个绕组。 顺译倒译练习 Almost any insulated body possesses to some extent the ability to retain for a time an electric charge. 几乎任何一种绝缘体或多或少都具有一种能将电荷保留一段时间的能力。 The angular-contact bearing（向心止推滚动轴承 ）provides a greater thrust capacity（轴向承载能力）. 向心止推滚动轴承具有更大的轴向承载能力。 The properties of the weld can be altered by varying the grain orientation(晶 粒取向). 可以通过改变晶粒取向改变焊缝性能。 翻译中词义的选择 根据词类： The earthquake measured 6.5 on the Richter scale. 这次地震强度为里氏 6.5 级。 The thickness of a tooth（齿轮） measured along the pitch circle（节圆） is one half the circular pitch（周节）. 沿节圆所测得的齿厚是周节的一半。 We must reflect what measures to take in case of any accidental collapse of a bed（矿床）. 我们必须考虑一下如果矿床意外坍塌该采取什么措施。 翻译练习 The spindle（锭子） rotates simultaneously（同时地） round two axes （轴）
at right angles(角度) to each other 锭子同时绕两根互相垂直的轴转动。 The earth isn't completely round; it is slightly flattened at the poles. 地球并非完全是圆的,它的两极稍微扁平。 In each round of operation the particle picks up energy from the oscillating electric field(振荡电场) 粒子每运转一周都从振荡电场获取新的能量 An electron is an extremely small corpuscle(iwf)with negative charge which rounds about the nucleus of an atom 电子是带负电荷绕原子核运行的极小的微粒。 Her waist measures forty inches round. 她腰围40英寸。 根据上下文选择词义 Packaged software is developed to serve the specific needs of one user. 软件包的开发只是为某一用户的特定的需要服务。 Noises may develop in a worn engine. 发动机磨损了可能产生噪音 Shorts frequently develop when the insulation is worn. 绝缘老化常常导致短路。 Sure enough, 80% of the plants developed the disease. 果然,80%的庄稼都染上了这种病。 Other isolation (aa)methods are being developed. 目前正在研究其他的隔离方法。 In developing the design, we must consider the feasibility of processing. 在进行设计时,必须考虑加工的可能性。 After the war much of this knowledge was poured into the developing of the 战后,这项成果大量地应用于计算机的研制。 They cited cases of identical twins reared in different homes who developed very different characteristics despite identical heredity(遗传特性 他们列举了很多案例,说明遗传特性相同的双胞胎如果生长在不同的家庭,会养成 截然不同的个性 A mathematical or logical operation must meet a certain condition 数学逻辑运算必须满足某种条件 The results of biopsy(活组织检查) indicate a rare nonmalignant condition 活组织检查结果表明,这是一种罕见的良性病例。 The frequency with which the filter should be removed, inspected, and cleaned ill be determined primarily by aircraft operating conditions. 过滤器多久进行一次拆洗检查主要取决于飞机的运行状况。 Doctors learn that he suffers from a blood di sorder(血液病) and hesitate to treat him with an antivenin(抗蛇毒血清), which they believe might make his condition worse 医生们知道他患有血液病,但是对于是否使用抗蛇毒血清对他进行治疗,感到犹豫 不决,因为他们担心这会使他的病情恶化
at right angles（角度） to each other. 锭子同时绕两根互相垂直的轴转动。 The earth isn’t completely round; it is slightly flattened at the poles. 地球并非完全是圆的，它的两极稍微扁平。 In each round of operation the particle picks up energy from the oscillating electric field（振荡电场）. 粒子每运转一周都从振荡电场获取新的能量。 An electron is an extremely small corpuscle（微粒） with negative charge which rounds about the nucleus of an atom. 电子是带负电荷绕原子核运行的极小的微粒。 Her waist measures forty inches round. 她腰围 40 英寸。 根据上下文选择词义 Packaged software is developed to serve the specific needs of one user. 软件包的开发只是为某一用户的特定的需要服务。 Noises may develop in a worn engine. 发动机磨损了可能产生噪音。 Shorts frequently develop when the insulation is worn. 绝缘老化常常导致短路。 Sure enough, 80% of the plants developed the disease. 果然，80%的庄稼都染上了这种病。 Other isolation(隔离） methods are being developed. 目前正在研究其他的隔离方法。 In developing the design, we must consider the feasibility of processing. 在进行设计时，必须考虑加工的可能性。 After the war much of this knowledge was poured into the developing of the computers. 战后，这项成果大量地应用于计算机的研制。 They cited cases of identical twins reared in different homes who developed very different characteristics despite identical heredity(遗传特性）. 他们列举了很多案例，说明遗传特性相同的双胞胎如果生长在不同的家庭，会养成 截然不同的个性。 A mathematical or logical operation must meet a certain condition. 数学逻辑运算必须满足某种条件。 The results of biopsy (活组织检查）indicate a rare nonmalignant condition. 活组织检查结果表明，这是一种罕见的良性病例。. The frequency with which the filter should be removed, inspected, and cleaned will be determined primarily by aircraft operating conditions. 过滤器多久进行一次拆洗检查主要取决于飞机的运行状况。 Doctors learn that he suffers from a blood disorder （血液病）and hesitate to treat him with an antivenin（抗蛇毒血清）, which they believe might make his condition worse. 医生们知道他患有血液病，但是对于是否使用抗蛇毒血清对他进行治疗，感到犹豫 不决，因为他们担心这会使他的病情恶化
Rate of penetration(穿透速度) was found to be proportional to the net pressure applied by the tool. 人们发现,穿透速度与钻头所施加的净压力成正比。 Scientists are constantly striving to find fast and convenient way of obtaining quantitative data. 科学家们正在不断地努力寻找一种快速方便地获得定量数据的方法 To find the area of a square or oblong, you merely multiply its length by its width 要求出一个正方形或长方形的面积的大小,只需长乘宽就可以了。 Certain isotopes are not found in nature 有些同位素自然界中并不存在。 New fibers find expanding applications in engineering and industry 新纤维在工程企业中得到越来越广泛的应用 Kangaroos are found in australia. 袋鼠产于澳洲。 This plant is found in the sea near the mouth of rivers. 这种植物生长于河口附近的海中 Microcomputers have found their application in the production of genius sensors 微机已经应用于智能传感器的生产。 Plastics find wide application in our daily life. 塑料在日常生活中应用广泛 词义引申 技术性引申 After the spring has been closed to its solid height(3:7-0), the compressive force(压缩力) is removed 弹簧压缩到最短时,弹簧拉力消失。 The ad justment screw(微调螺钉) has stops at both sides. 微调螺钉两边有两个定位块 The probe(探测;检测) was on the course to saturn 探测器正飞往土星。 修辞性引申 Handpicks have been replaced(代替) by pneumatic and electric dri1ls(风 镐电钻) 手镐已经全部被风镐电钻取而代之。 Computers come in a wide variety of(种类繁多的) sizes and capabilities. 电脑大小不一功能各异 The antivenin will not help; but a blood transfusion will. The treatment works 抗蛇毒血清无济于事,但输血管用。输血疗法有效 The best solution that science and medicine have come up with so far is the sleeping pi1l, which is another mixed blessing(好坏掺半之事) 迄今为止,医学科学对此所能提供的最住解决办法是安眠药,但安眠药虽好,却有 很多的副作用
Rate of penetration （穿透速度）was found to be proportional to the net pressure applied by the tool. 人们发现，穿透速度与钻头所施加的净压力成正比。 Scientists are constantly striving to find fast and convenient way of obtaining quantitative data. 科学家们正在不断地努力寻找一种快速方便地获得定量数据的方法。 To find the area of a square or oblong, you merely multiply its length by its width. 要求出一个正方形或长方形的面积的大小，只需长乘宽就可以了。 Certain isotopes are not found in nature. 有些同位素自然界中并不存在。 New fibers find expanding applications in engineering and industry. 新纤维在工程企业中得到越来越广泛的应用。 Kangaroos are found in Australia. 袋鼠产于澳洲。 This plant is found in the sea near the mouth of rivers. 这种植物生长于河口附近的海中。 Microcomputers have found their application in the production of genius sensors. 微机已经应用于智能传感器的生产。 Plastics find wide application in our daily life. 塑料在日常生活中应用广泛。 词义引申 技术性引申 After the spring has been closed to its solid height（实高）, the compressive force（压缩力） is removed. 弹簧压缩到最短时，弹簧拉力消失。 The adjustment screw (微调螺钉）has stops at both sides. 微调螺钉两边有两个定位块。 The probe (探测；检测）was on the course to Saturn. 探测器正飞往土星。 修辞性引申 Handpicks have been replaced (代替）by pneumatic and electric drills（风 镐电钻）. 手镐已经全部被风镐电钻取而代之。 Computers come in a wide variety of (种类繁多的）sizes and capabilities. 电脑大小不一功能各异。 The antivenin will not help; but a blood transfusion will. The treatment works. 抗蛇毒血清无济于事，但输血管用。输血疗法有效。 The best solution that science and medicine have come up with so far is the sleeping pill, which is another mixed blessing(好坏掺半之事 ). 迄今为止，医学科学对此所能提供的最佳解决办法是安眠药，但安眠药虽好，却有 很多的副作用
具体化引申 This suggests that matter can be converted into energy, and vice versa(e 过来也一样) 这表明物质可以转化为能量,能量也可以转化为物质。 Many health-conscious women increase their risk by rejecting red meat, which contains the most easily absorbed form of iron 很多健康意识太强的妇女连牛羊肉都不吃,这等于放弃了牛羊肉里面含有的最容易 吸收的铁,反而增加了健康风险 The data types of arrays(数组) and records are native(土生土长的) to many programming languages. 数组和记录是很多编程语言的固有的数据类型 抽象化引申 Quantum chemistry is sti1 L in its infantry(婴儿阶段) 量子化学仍处于发展初期 Chemical control will do most of things in pest control. 化学防治能在病虫害防治中起主要作用 翻译练习 The cause of rolling resistance is the deformation of mating surfaces of the rolling element and the raceway(rIE)on which it rolls. 滚动阻力的起因在于滚动体与滚道所接触的两个接触面的变形。 The occurrence of large mats(席子) of floating algae(藻类) may result in the death of many fish from lack of oxy gen. 大片大片的浮藻可能导致鱼缺氧而死亡 At present coal is the most common food of a steam plant. 目前煤是电厂最普遍的燃料。 The Curies believed that there was some thing in nature which gave out radiation 居里夫妇认为自然界必存在某种物质能释放辐射能。 The distance between the two plates is small compared with their linear dimensions(线性尺寸) 两板之间的距离相对于它们的长和宽而言是很小的。 词类转换 The shadow cast by an object is long or short according as the sun is high up in the heaven or near the horizon 物体所投射的阴影的长短取决于太阳是高挂在天空还是低垂在地平线。 Even if the protective environment is no insurance against death from lack o士 oxygen 即便环境受到保护,也不能保证不发生因缺氧而发生死亡的情况。 These depressing pumps(压缩泵) ensure con tamination- free transfer of abrasive(摩擦力大的) and aggressive(腐蚀性强的) fluids such as acids, dyes and alcohol among others. 这些压缩泵能够保证无污染传送摩擦力大腐蚀性强的流体,如酸液、燃料、酒精等。 Despite all the improvements, rubber still has a number of limitations 尽管大有提高,橡胶还是有很多缺陷
具体化引申 This suggests that matter can be converted into energy, and vice versa(反 过来也一样）. 这表明物质可以转化为能量，能量也可以转化为物质。 Many health-conscious women increase their risk by rejecting red meat, which contains the most easily absorbed form of iron. 很多健康意识太强的妇女连牛羊肉都不吃，这等于放弃了牛羊肉里面含有的最容易 吸收的铁，反而增加了健康风险。 The data types of arrays (数组）and records are native (土生土长的）to many programming languages. 数组和记录是很多编程语言的固有的数据类型。 抽象化引申 Quantum chemistry is still in its infantry（婴儿阶段）. 量子化学仍处于发展初期。 Chemical control will do most of things in pest control. 化学防治能在病虫害防治中起主要作用。 翻译练习 The cause of rolling resistance is the deformation of mating surfaces of the rolling element and the raceway（跑道） on which it rolls. 滚动阻力的起因在于滚动体与滚道所接触的两个接触面的变形。 The occurrence of large mats（席子） of floating algae（藻类） may result in the death of many fish from lack of oxygen. 大片大片的浮藻可能导致鱼缺氧而死亡。 At present coal is the most common food of a steam plant. 目前煤是电厂最普遍的燃料。 The Curies believed that there was something in nature which gave out radiation. 居里夫妇认为自然界必存在某种物质能释放辐射能。 The distance between the two plates is small compared with their linear dimensions(线性尺寸）. 两板之间的距离相对于它们的长和宽而言是很小的。 词类转换 The shadow cast by an object is long or short according as the sun is high up in the heaven or near the horizon. 物体所投射的阴影的长短取决于太阳是高挂在天空还是低垂在地平线。 Even if the protective environment is no insurance against death from lack of oxygen. 即便环境受到保护，也不能保证不发生因缺氧而发生死亡的情况。 These depressing pumps（压缩泵） ensure contamination-free transfer of abrasive（摩擦力大的） and aggressive（腐蚀性强的） fluids such as acids, dyes and alcohol among others. 这些压缩泵能够保证无污染传送摩擦力大腐蚀性强的流体，如酸液、燃料、酒精等。 Despite all the improvements, rubber still has a number of limitations. 尽管大有提高，橡胶还是有很多缺陷
High precision implies a high degree of exactness but with no implication as to accuracy. 高精确度意味着高准确度,但并不意味着不差丝厘分毫。 If extremely low-cost power were ever to become available from large nuclear power plants, electrolytic hy drogen (EM2) would become competitive 如果能从大型核电厂获得低廉电力,那么电解氢就会变得有竞争力了。 The circuits are connected in parallel in the interest of a small resistance. 电路并联是为了减少电阻。 Once inside the body, the vaccine (BH)separates from the gold particles and becomes active 且进入人体,疫苗即与微金粒分离并激活。 The fatigue(疲劳) life test is over。 疲劳试验已经结束。 If one generator is out of order, the other will produce electricity instead. 如果发电机出故障,会用另一台代替发电。 Such service (F) will certainly go far (succeed) in extending the life cycle of older equipment. 这种保养肯定能够延长旧设备的使用年限。 In any machine, input work equals output work plus work done against friction 任何机器的输入功等于输出功加上克服摩擦的所做的功 This type of film develops (*pit) in twenty minutes 冲洗这种胶卷需二十分钟。 An analog(模拟) computer manipulates(处理) data by analog means. 模拟计算机采用模拟的方式处理数据。 Boiling point (va)is defined as the temperature at which the vapor pressure is equal to that of the atmosphere. 沸点可下这样的定义:蒸汽压力与大气压力相等时所达到的温度谓之沸点。 Tests showed that the cooling air must flow at a rate of at least I7m/s. 试验表明,冷空气的流速至少要达到每秒17米。 Black holes act like huge drains(%E) in the universe 黑洞的作用就像字宙中巨大的吸管。 The radioactivity(放射性) of the new element is several million times stronger than that of uranium(s) 这种新元素的放射性比铀的放射性强好几百万倍。 This means the permittivity(介电系数) of oil is greater than that of air. 这意味着油的介电系数大于空气的介电系数 The most effective measures for deterring gene piracy (5)will be those that prevent it altogether. 遏制基因剽窃最有效的手段是将其完全杜绝的手段。 Television is different from radio in that it sends and receives a picture. 电视与无线电的区别在于它能传送和接受图像。 a body that recovers completely and resumes (RR)its original dimensions (尺寸) is said to be perfectly elastic
High precision implies a high degree of exactness but with no implication as to accuracy. 高精确度意味着高准确度，但并不意味着不差丝厘分毫。 If extremely low-cost power were ever to become available from large nuclear power plants, electrolytic hydrogen（电解氢） would become competitive. 如果能从大型核电厂获得低廉电力，那么电解氢就会变得有竞争力了。 The circuits are connected in parallel in the interest of a small resistance. 电路并联是为了减少电阻。 Once inside the body, the vaccine （疫苗）separates from the gold particles and becomes "active". 一旦进入人体，疫苗即与微金粒分离并激活。 The fatigue （疲劳）life test is over。 疲劳试验已经结束。 If one generator is out of order, the other will produce electricity instead. 如果发电机出故障，会用另一台代替发电。 Such service（保养） will certainly go far（succeed) in extending the life cycle of older equipment. 这种保养肯定能够延长旧设备的使用年限。 In any machine, input work equals output work plus work done against friction. 任何机器的输入功等于输出功加上克服摩擦的所做的功。 This type of film develops（冲洗） in twenty minutes. 冲洗这种胶卷需二十分钟。 An analog（模拟） computer manipulates （处理）data by analog means. 模拟计算机采用模拟的方式处理数据。 Boiling point （沸点）is defined as the temperature at which the vapor pressure is equal to that of the atmosphere. 沸点可下这样的定义：蒸汽压力与大气压力相等时所达到的温度谓之沸点。 Tests showed that the cooling air must flow at a rate of at least I7m/s. 试验表明，冷空气的流速至少要达到每秒 17 米。 Black holes act like huge drains（吸管） in the universe. 黑洞的作用就像宇宙中巨大的吸管。 The radioactivity （放射性）of the new element is several million times stronger than that of uranium（铀）. 这种新元素的放射性比铀的放射性强好几百万倍。 This means the permittivity（介电系数） of oil is greater than that of air. 这意味着油的介电系数大于空气的介电系数。 The most effective measures for deterring gene piracy （剽窃）will be those that prevent it altogether. 遏制基因剽窃最有效的手段是将其完全杜绝的手段。 Television is different from radio in that it sends and receives a picture. 电视与无线电的区别在于它能传送和接受图像。 A body that recovers completely and resumes （复原）its original dimensions （尺寸） is said to be perfectly elastic
能够完全复原并恢复到原有的尺寸的物体被称之为完全弹性体 A11 metals tend to be ducti1e(可以延展的) 金属往往都具有延展性。 About 20 kilometers thick, this giant umbrella is made up of a layer of ozone (地球的)这把巨伞的厚度大约为20公里,由一层臭氧构成 The device is shown schematically(大略地) in Fig2 图二是这一装置的略图 Administrative personnel should be mathematically informed (B) if they are to make wise decision 行管人员应该通晓数学才能作出明智的决策。 These parts must be proportionally correct. 这些零件的比例必须准确无误。 词类转换翻译练习 Each time a sample was draw(抽取) for color determinat ion(测定). 每次取一个标本测定颜色。 What is certain is that the oil spill (X)has delivered a devastating 惨重的) blow to the ecology of the Persian Gulf. 可以肯定的是,这次石油泄漏对波斯湾的生态是一个惨重的打击。 We should get familiar with different systems of units(计量制). 我们应当熟悉各种计量制 These decision-making processes are applicable to the entire field of engineering design- not just to mechanical engineering design. 这些决策过程可以应用于整个工程设计领域一不只是限于机械工程设计领域。 Hydrogen instead of air is frequently used for cooling large turbogenerators (汽轮发电机 氢气常常用来代替空气冷却大型汽轮发电机。 When the war was over, it was discovered that the germans were nowhere near success in developing nuclear weapons. 战争结束后同盟国发现,德国人离成功研制出核武器还远得很 Various precautions have been taken against leakage (t) 采取了各种预防措施防止渗漏 0 nce inside the oven, panels(板材) are sub jected to(处于) a temperature of365°F 且送入烘箱,板材就处于华氏365度的高温烘烤之下 Value is defined as a numerical ratio of the function, or performance,to the cost (产品)价值的定义:功能或者性能与成本之间的数值比谓之价值。 This new model should appeal to potential buyers. 这一新款应该对潜在的买主有吸引力。 Galileo(伽利略)’ s experiments are not difficult, nor is there any evidence that he performed them with exceptional skill. 伽利略的实验并不难,也没有任何证据表明他做这些试验需要高超的技术。 Sometimes a scientist observes an object and its features, for example a
能够完全复原并恢复到原有的尺寸的物体被称之为完全弹性体。 All metals tend to be ductile（可以延展的）. 金属往往都具有延展性。 About 20 kilometers thick, this giant umbrella is made up of a layer of ozone gas. （地球的）这把巨伞的厚度大约为 20 公里，由一层臭氧构成。 The device is shown schematically（大略地） in Fig 2. 图二是这一装置的略图。 Administrative personnel should be mathematically informed（通晓） if they are to make wise decision. 行管人员应该通晓数学才能作出明智的决策。 These parts must be proportionally correct. 这些零件的比例必须准确无误。 词类转换翻译练习 Each time a sample was drawn （抽取）for color determination（测定）. 每次取一个标本测定颜色。 What is certain is that the oil spill （溢漏）has delivered a devastating （惨重的）blow to the ecology of the Persian Gulf. 可以肯定的是，这次石油泄漏对波斯湾的生态是一个惨重的打击。 We should get familiar with different systems of units（计量制）. 我们应当熟悉各种计量制。 These decision-making processes are applicable to the entire field of engineering design—not just to mechanical engineering design. 这些决策过程可以应用于整个工程设计领域 — 不只是限于机械工程设计领域。 Hydrogen instead of air is frequently used for cooling large turbogenerators （汽轮发电机）. 氢气常常用来代替空气冷却大型汽轮发电机。 When the war was over, it was discovered that the Germans were nowhere near success in developing nuclear weapons. 战争结束后同盟国发现，德国人离成功研制出核武器还远得很。 Various precautions have been taken against leakage（渗漏）. 采取了各种预防措施防止渗漏。 Once inside the oven, panels（板材） are subjected to （处于）a temperature of 365°F. 一旦送入烘箱，板材就处于华氏 365 度的高温烘烤之下。 Value is defined as a numerical ratio of the function, or performance, to the cost. （产品）价值的定义：功能或者性能与成本之间的数值比谓之价值。 This new model should appeal to potential buyers. 这一新款应该对潜在的买主有吸引力。 Galileo（伽利略）'s experiments are not difficult, nor is there any evidence that he performed them with exceptional skill. 伽利略的实验并不难，也没有任何证据表明他做这些试验需要高超的技术。 Sometimes a scientist observes an object and its features, for example a