汽车专题翻译 The engine is the heart of the automobile, because it converts the fuel energy into mechanical power for it. Without the engine, the automobile cannot move. There is a cooling system which is needed for engine cooling so that it does not become too hot, and a lubrication system is needed for lubricating the bearing surfaces. a starting motor is fitted on the automobile which is just the power to start the engine turning 发动机是汽车的心脏,因为它把燃油的能量转换成汽车的机械能。没有发动机,汽车就 不能行驶。发动机有一个使其冷却所需的冷却系统,这样,发动机就不会变的太热,并 且需要有润滑系统来润滑工作面。汽车上装有一个起动电机,它是起动发动机的动力 There is an electrical system in the automobile. Electricity for the igniting on process, the lights and other electrical equipment is provided by a dynamo and a battery. The dynamo is the power station of the automobile. It works only when the engine is running. The battery provides a means of storing electricity which can be used when the dynamo is not operating and it must be kept well charged 汽车上还有一个电气系统。用于点火过程、车灯和其他电气设备的电能是由直流发电机 和蓄电池提供的。直流发电机是汽车的发电站,它只在发动机运转时工作。蓄电池提供 种储存电能的手段,储存的电能可在直流发电机不工作时使用。蓄电池必须充足电。 The transmission system cons isting of clutch, gearbox, propeller shaft and axles belongs to the chassis, which is also an important system of the automobile. This system is a series of assemblies whose purpose is to transmit the power of the engine to the drive wheels. The first of these is the clutch assembly. It disconnects the remainder of the transmission system from the engine, when necessary, so that the various gears in the gearbox can be engaged 传动系统属于底盘,它包括离合器、齿轮箱、传动轴和车桥。它也是汽车的一个重要系 统。该系统是一系列的总成,其作用是将发动机的功率传递到驱动车轮上。其中,第 个总成是离合器总成。在需要时,离合器可使传动系统的其他部分与发动机脱开,这样 齿轮箱内的各种齿轮就可以啮合。 The gearbox is quite a complicated assembly of gears of different sizes. It is so arranged that certain combinations of gears can be engaged to enable one to drive another. The rear axle is connected to the gearbox by a long tube known as the propeller shaft 齿轮箱是一个由不同尺寸齿轮组成的很复杂的总成。齿轮箱安装得使某些齿轮组合可以 啮合,以使一个齿轮驱动另一个齿轮。后桥通过一根称为转动轴的长管与齿轮箱连接。 The suspension system is another important system fitted on the chassis of the automobile and used for transmitting force between the ground and the automobile and reducing vibration of the automobile caused by the wheels when running over undulations of the road. Some automobiles are fitted with air suspension systems and some with spring suspension systems 悬挂系统是装在汽车底盘上的另一重要系统,用来传递地面和汽车之间的力,并用来减 轻车轮滚过路面不平处时引起的汽车振动。有些汽车装用空气悬挂系统,而有些汽车装 用弹簧悬挂系统。 The steering mechanism is needed to guide the automobile in the right direction. Brakes are used to stop the automobile while it is in motion. In short, each part of the automobile designed by the engineers does its own job 转向机构是正确引导汽车方向所必需的。制动器在汽车行驶时用来使其停车。总之,工 程师们设计的汽车的每一部分都有它自己的作用。 There are actually various types of engines such as electric motors, steam engines, and internal combustion engines. The se eng ines have all successfully operated all kinds of automobile, but
汽车专题翻译 The engine is the heart of the automobile, because it converts the fuel energy into mechanical power for it. Without the engine, the automobile cannot move. There is a cooling system which is needed for engine cooling so that it does not become too hot, and a lubrication system is needed for lubricating the bearing surfaces. A starting motor is fitted on the automobile which is just the power to start the engine turning. 发动机是汽车的心脏，因为它把燃油的能量转换成汽车的机械能。没有发动机，汽车就 不能行驶。发动机有一个使其冷却所需的冷却系统，这样，发动机就不会变的太热，并 且需要有润滑系统来润滑工作面。汽车上装有一个起动电机，它是起动发动机的动力。 There is an electrical system in the automobile. Electricity for the igniting on process, the lights and other electrical equipment is provided by a dynamo and a battery. The dynamo is the power station of the automobile. It works only when the engine is running. The battery provides a means of storing electricity which can be used when the dynamo is not operating and it must be kept well charged. 汽车上还有一个电气系统。用于点火过程、车灯和其他电气设备的电能是由直流发电机 和蓄电池提供的。直流发电机是汽车的发电站，它只在发动机运转时工作。蓄电池提供 一种储存电能的手段，储存的电能可在直流发电机不工作时使用。蓄电池必须充足电。 The transmission system consisting of clutch, gearbox, propeller shaft and axles belongs to the chassis, which is also an important system of the automobile. This system is a series of assemblies whose purpose is to transmit the power of the engine to the drive wheels. The first of these is the clutch assembly. It disconnects the remainder of the transmission system from the engine, when necessary, so that the various gears in the gearbox can be engaged. 传动系统属于底盘，它包括离合器、齿轮箱、传动轴和车桥。它也是汽车的一个重要系 统。该系统是一系列的总成，其作用是将发动机的功率传递到驱动车轮上。其中，第一 个总成是离合器总成。在需要时，离合器可使传动系统的其他部分与发动机脱开，这样 齿轮箱内的各种齿轮就可以啮合。 The gearbox is quite a complicated assembly of gears of different sizes. It is so arranged that certain combinations of gears can be engaged to enable one to drive another. The rear axle is connected to the gearbox by a long tube known as the propeller shaft. 齿轮箱是一个由不同尺寸齿轮组成的很复杂的总成。齿轮箱安装得使某些齿轮组合可以 啮合，以使一个齿轮驱动另一个齿轮。后桥通过一根称为转动轴的长管与齿轮箱连接。 The suspension system is another important system fitted on the chassis of the automobile and used for transmitting force between the ground and the automobile and reducing vibration of the automobile caused by the wheels when running over undulations of the road. Some automobiles are fitted with air suspension systems and some with spring suspension systems. 悬挂系统是装在汽车底盘上的另一重要系统，用来传递地面和汽车之间的力，并用来减 轻车轮滚过路面不平处时引起的汽车振动。有些汽车装用空气悬挂系统，而有些汽车装 用弹簧悬挂系统。 The steering mechanism is needed to guide the automobile in the right direction. Brakes are used to stop the automobile while it is in motion. In short, each part of the automobile designed by the engineers does its own job. 转向机构是正确引导汽车方向所必需的。制动器在汽车行驶时用来使其停车。总之，工 程师们设计的汽车的每一部分都有它自己的作用。 There are actually various types of engines such as electric motors, steam engines, and internal combustion engines. These engines have all successfully operated all kinds of automobile, but
the internal combustion eng ines seem to have almost complete dominance of the automotive field. The internal combustion engine, as its name ind icates, burns fuel within the cylinders and converts the expand ing force of the combustion into rotary force used to propel the vehicle 通常有不同型号的发动机如电动发动机、蒸汽机、内燃机。这些发动机已经成功地运用 在各种汽车上但是内燃机在汽车上的使用几乎完全占据主要的地位。内燃机,顾名思义, 燃料是在汽缸内燃烧的,它将燃料的膨胀力转换成旋转力去驱动汽车 The internal combustion engines can be made to operate on almost anything that can be converted into a gas that will burn: wood, coal, alcohol, vegetable oils, mineral oils, etc However, because of convenience, a wide variety of petroleum products are used as fuel gasoline, kerosene, fuel oil, liquefied petroleum gas(LP-Gas ), etc. So, according to the fuel energy they use, the internal combustion eng ines can also be classified as gasoline engines, kerosene engines. diesel engines and Lp-Gas engines 内燃发动机可用几乎一切转换成可燃气体的燃料:柴、煤、酒精、植物油、矿物油等等 然而,从便捷性来看大部分的石油产品被用做燃料:汽油、煤油、燃料油、液化石油气等 等。所以根据内燃机所用的燃料能源,内燃发动机可以归类为:汽油发动机、煤油发动机、 柴油发动机以及液化石油气发动机。 The internal combustion engines used in automotive vehicles are mainly of two basic typ two-stroke-cycle and four-stroke-cycle. Either may be water-cooled or air-cooled. However most automobile engines operate on the four-stroke-cycle 内燃机主要有两种型号的发动机使用在汽车上:二冲程和四冲程水冷和气冷。然而,大部 分汽车发动机使用四冲程 This type of engine is known as Otto cycle, after the name of its inventor, Nikolaus Otto. Each cylinder of the four-stroke-cycle engine has a piston, which reciprocates(move back and forth) within the cylinder. Each piston is connected to the crankshaft by means of a link known as a connecting rod 这种类型的发动机被称为奥拓发动机,是以尼古拉斯奥拓这位发明者的名字命名的。四 冲程的发动机的每个汽缸都有一个活塞活塞是在汽缸内做往复运动(来回运动)的。每 个活塞是通过被称为连杆的杆件连接到曲轴上的。 The power production cycle consists of four strokes of the piston in a reciprocating engine The first stroke draws the combustible mixture. The second stroke compresses the mixture The third stroke creates the power of combustion. The final stroke forces burned gases out of the cylinder 在往复式发动机内的动力循环系统包括活塞的四个冲程。第一个冲程吸收燃烧的混合气。 第二冲程压缩混合气。第三个冲程通过燃烧做功。最后一个冲程将废气排出汽缸外面。 The operating sequence of a four-cycle engine can specifically be described as follow: In the first place, as the piston moves downward to the Bottom Dead Center, a vacuum is created the cylinder. The intake valve opens and air - fuel mixture enters the cylinder. Next, the air- fuel mixture is compressed as the piston moves upward. The spark plug is fired to ignite the air-fuel mixture prior to the piston being at the Top Dead Center. Note that both valves are closed. Then, the air-fuel mixture explodes, which forces the piston downward. Note that both valves are closed. Finally, as the piston starts to move upward, the exhaust valve is opened The piston mov ing up forces the exhaust gases out of the cy linder. This four-stroke-cycle of piston within the cylinder is repeated time and again to push the vehicle forward 四冲程发动机的操作顺序具体描述如下:在第一阶段活塞向上运动到达上止点在汽缸内
the internal combustion engines seem to have almost complete dominance of the automotive field. The internal combustion engine, as its name indicates, burns fuel within the cylinders and converts the expanding force of the combustion into rotary force used to propel the vehicle. 通常有不同型号的发动机,如:电动发动机、蒸汽机、内燃机。这些发动机已经成功地运用 在各种汽车上,但是内燃机在汽车上的使用几乎完全占据主要的地位。内燃机,顾名思义, 燃料是在汽缸内燃烧的,它将燃料的膨胀力转换成旋转力去驱动汽车。 The internal combustion engines can be made to operate on almost anything that can be converted into a gas that will burn: wood, coal, alcohol, vegetable oils, mineral oils, etc. However, because of convenience, a wide variety of petroleum products are used as fuel: gasoline, kerosene, fuel oil, liquefied petroleum gas (LP-Gas), etc. So, according to the fuel energy they use, the internal combustion engines can also be classified as gasoline engines, kerosene engines, diesel engines and LP-Gas engines. 内燃发动机可用几乎一切转换成可燃气体的燃料:柴、煤、酒精、植物油、矿物油等等。 然而，从便捷性来看,大部分的石油产品被用做燃料:汽油、煤油、燃料油、液化石油气等 等。所以根据内燃机所用的燃料能源，内燃发动机可以归类为:汽油发动机、煤油发动机、 柴油发动机以及液化石油气发动机。 The internal combustion engines used in automotive vehicles are mainly of two basic types: two-stroke-cycle and four-stroke-cycle. Either may be water-cooled or air-cooled. However, most automobile engines operate on the four-stroke-cycle. 内燃机主要有两种型号的发动机使用在汽车上:二冲程和四冲程,水冷和气冷。然而,大部 分汽车发动机使用四冲程。 This type of engine is known as Otto cycle, after the name of its inventor, Nikolaus Otto. Each cylinder of the four-stroke-cycle engine has a piston, which reciprocates (move back and forth) within the cylinder. Each piston is connected to the crankshaft by means of a link known as a connecting rod. 这种类型的发动机被称为:奥拓发动机,是以尼古拉斯·奥拓这位发明者的名字命名的。四 冲程的发动机的每个汽缸都有一个活塞,活塞是在汽缸内做往复运动(来回运动)的。每一 个活塞是通过被称为连杆的杆件连接到曲轴上的。 The power production cycle consists of four strokes of the piston in a reciprocating engine. The first stroke draws the combustible mixture. The second stroke compresses the mixture. The third stroke creates the power of combustion. The final stroke forces burned gases out of the cylinder. 在往复式发动机内的动力循环系统包括活塞的四个冲程。第一个冲程吸收燃烧的混合气。 第二冲程压缩混合气。第三个冲程通过燃烧做功。最后一个冲程将废气排出汽缸外面。 The operating sequence of a four-cycle engine can specifically be described as follow: In the first place, as the piston moves downward to the Bottom Dead Center, a vacuum is created in the cylinder. The intake valve opens and air-fuel mixture enters the cylinder. Next, the air-fuel mixture is compressed as the piston moves upward. The spark plug is fired to ignite the air-fuel mixture prior to the piston being at the Top Dead Center. Note that both valves are closed. Then, the air-fuel mixture explodes, which forces the piston downward. Note that both valves are closed. Finally, as the piston starts to move upward, the exhaust valve is opened. The piston moving up forces the exhaust gases out of the cylinder. This four-stroke-cycle of piston within the cylinder is repeated time and again to push the vehicle forward. 四冲程发动机的操作顺序具体描述如下:在第一阶段,活塞向上运动到达上止点,在汽缸内
产生真空。进气伐打开空气燃油混合气进入汽缸。接着空气燃油混合气被向上运动的活 塞压缩。在活塞到达上止点前,火花塞点火去点燃可燃混合气。注意这时两个气门是关 闭的然后空气燃油混合气爆炸去推动活塞向下移动。注意这时两个气门还是关闭的。最 后当活塞向上运动的时候排气伐打开,活塞向上移动迫使废气排除汽缸。汽缸内的活塞 的四冲程重复进行去推动汽车运动 Although many advanced technologies have been applied to the improvement of automobile engines, scientists have still been making efforts to concentrate the future development of engines on the three targets: reducing fuel consumption, lowering exhaust emissions, and reducing engine noise. The three targets are actually interrelated. For example, reduced fuel consumption can reduce carbon dioxide emission, which, over a long period of time, may cause problems with the earth s climate. So, the future developments must endeavor to achieve the three targets simultaneous 尽管许多先进的技术被用来改进汽车发动机科学家们仍然一直在做出努力把发动机未 来的发展集中在三个目标上:减少耗油量、降低废气排量以及降低发动机噪音。实际上, 这三个目标是相互关联的。例如减少耗油量能减少废气排量,经过长时间,废气排量可 能引起地球气候问题。因此将来的发展是必须在三个目标上同时做出努力。 63. The basic eng ine must draw in an air-fuel mixture, compress it, burn it, and expel waste gases. This sequence of events makes up what is known as the four-stroke cycle means that each piston travels down twice and up twice after each ignition of the air- fuel mixture,making four strokes in all. To simplify the operation sequence, we 'll assume that our engine has only one cylind 基本的发动机必须吸入空燃混合气,将其压缩、燃烧并排出废气这一连串动作构成了所谓 的四冲程循环.这就是说,每次点燃空燃混合气后,每只活塞上下各运动两次,构成四 个冲程。为了便于说明工作的顺序,假设我们的发动机只有一个气缸 64. The following is the four-stroke cycle of an engine 1. Intake. This begins with the piston at the top of its stroke and the inlet valve opens. As the piston goes down, it draws the air-fuel mixture into the cylinder past the open inlet valve. 2. Compression. When the piston has completed its down-stroke, the inlet valve closes. The revolving crankshaft then pushes the piston up again, and the mixture now in the cylinder is compressed upward into the combustion chamber. At the top of the stroke it is fully compressed. 3. Ignition. At this point a spark occurs between the electrodes of the spark plug. This ignites the air-fuel mixture. The heat from the explosion causes high pressure on the top of the piston which is thus forced downward. 4. Exhaust. At the end of the down-stroke, the exhaust valve opens and during the following up-stroke the products of combustion are pushed past the valve and out of the engine. The cycle described above is constantly repeated so long as the engine is running 以下是发动机的四冲程循环。1、进气。进气冲程开始时,活塞位于该冲程顶部,进气阀 打开。当活塞下行时,空燃混合气通过打开的进气阀被吸入气缸。2、压缩当活塞完成 下行行程时,进气阀关闭。然后旋转的曲轴有推动活塞上行,向上压缩气缸里的混合气 使其进入燃烧室。在到达该行程顶部的位置时,混合气受到充分的压缩。3、点火、这时, 火花塞电极之间产生火花,点燃空燃混合气。爆发产生的热量在活塞顶部形成髙压,从 而迫使活塞向下运动。4、排气、在下行行程结束时,排气阀打开,并在接着的上行行程 中,燃烧物通过排气阀被排出发动机。只要发动机在运转,上述循环就会不断重复进行
产生真空。进气伐打开,空气燃油混合气进入汽缸。接着,空气燃油混合气被向上运动的活 塞压缩。在活塞到达上止点前，火花塞点火去点燃可燃混合气。注意这时两个气门是关 闭的,然后空气燃油混合气爆炸去推动活塞向下移动。注意这时两个气门还是关闭的。最 后当活塞向上运动的时候,排气伐打开，活塞向上移动迫使废气排除汽缸。汽缸内的活塞 的四冲程重复进行去推动汽车运动。 Although many advanced technologies have been applied to the improvement of automobile engines, scientists have still been making efforts to concentrate the future development of engines on the three targets: reducing fuel consumption, lowering exhaust emissions, and reducing engine noise. The three targets are actually interrelated. For example, reduced fuel consumption can reduce carbon dioxide emission, which, over a long period of time, may cause problems with the earth's climate. So, the future developments must endeavor to achieve the three targets simultaneously. 尽管许多先进的技术被用来改进汽车发动机,科学家们仍然一直在做出努力把发动机未 来的发展集中在三个目标上:减少耗油量、降低废气排量以及降低发动机噪音。实际上， 这三个目标是相互关联的。例如,减少耗油量能减少废气排量，经过长时间，废气排量可 能引起地球气候问题。因此,将来的发展是必须在三个目标上同时做出努力。 63、The basic engine must draw in an air-fuel mixture, compress it, burn it, and expel the waste gases. This sequence of events makes up what is known as the four-stroke cycle. This means that each piston travels down twice and up twice after each ignition of the air-fuel mixture, making four strokes in all. To simplify the operation sequence, we’ll assume that our engine has only one cylinder. 基本的发动机必须吸入空燃混合气,将其压缩、燃烧并排出废气.这一连串动作构成了所谓 的四冲程循环．这就是说，每次点燃空燃混合气后，每只活塞上下各运动两次，构成四 个冲程。为了便于说明工作的顺序，假设我们的发动机只有一个气缸。 64、The following is the four-stroke cycle of an engine .1.Intake. This begins with the piston at the top of its stroke and the inlet valve opens. As the piston goes down, it draws the air-fuel mixture into the cylinder past the open inlet valve. 2. Compression. When the piston has completed its down-stroke, the inlet valve closes .The revolving crankshaft then pushes the piston up again, and the mixture now in the cylinder is compressed upward into the combustion chamber. At the top of the stroke it is fully compressed. 3.Ignition. At this point a spark occurs between the electrodes of the spark plug. This ignites the air-fuel mixture. The heat from the explosion causes high pressure on the top of the piston which is thus forced downward. 4.Exhaust. At the end of the down-stroke, the exhaust valve opens and during the following up-stroke the products of combustion are pushed past the valve and out of the engine. The cycle described above is constantly repeated so long as the engine is running. 以下是发动机的四冲程循环。1、进气。进气冲程开始时，活塞位于该冲程顶部，进气阀 打开。当活塞下行时，空燃混合气通过打开的进气阀被吸入气缸。2、压缩.当活塞完成 下行行程时，进气阀关闭。然后旋转的曲轴有推动活塞上行，向上压缩气缸里的混合气 使其进入燃烧室。在到达该行程顶部的位置时，混合气受到充分的压缩。3、点火、这时， 火花塞电极之间产生火花，点燃空燃混合气。爆发产生的热量在活塞顶部形成高压，从 而迫使活塞向下运动。4、排气、在下行行程结束时，排气阀打开，并在接着的上行行程 中，燃烧物通过排气阀被排出发动机。只要发动机在运转，上述循环就会不断重复进行