Learning Corner 学习瀕道 《新概念英语》 ▣文/竺婵桢 难句赏析 新 概念英语》整套书(1~4册)中选取的文章都 ●You can not be too careful.你越小心越好. 英语中的正式文体，尤其是《新概念英语》三、 ·I cannot thank you enough.我对你感激不尽。 四两册，体裁大多是文学作品或科技作品，文学性与逻 。I couldn't get home fast enough.我恨不得马上回家。 辑性较强，句型严谨，表意准确，让人回味无穷。其句 拓展：新概念整套书中还贯穿着一些经典的英语 法上常常是各种句式交错，很多复杂的概念多用长句来 双重否定结构，既是同学们理解上的难点，也是学习上 表述，使得句意理解的难度大为增加，尤其是一些带有 的重点。 特定结构的难句和单词意思难以把握，从而造成翻译错 1、Never too old to learn..活到老学到老。（第二册第85 误，成为了新概念学习的重点。 课课后题)。其中never too..,to是对too..to的再否 定，表示肯定。 难间A man can never have too many ties. 例如： 男人有多少领带也不会嫌多。（第二册第41课“Do It is never too late to mend. You Call That a Hat?") 过而能改，善莫大焉/亡羊补牢，犹未晚也。 评析Can never..too为英语中比较复杂的双重 ● English is never toodifficult to learn. 否定结构，可译为：再…也不为过：无论怎样…也 英语还是很好学的。 不算过分：越…越好。这类句子的特点是“貌合神 2、 Cats never fail to fascinate human beings.猫总能引起 离”，即实际意义与其字面意义大相径庭，上句就常被 人们的极大兴趣。（第三册第9课“Flying Cats)其中 误译为男人不应该有太多的领带。这样的翻译就要贻 never/not/no+fail等带有否定意义的词构成双重 笑大方了，因此碰到类似句子要引起高度注意，切记小 否定。 心区别。 例如： 另外，can never..too还有几个变体结构，即该结构 Ifyoureceivearequest like this,youcannot fail toobey it! 中的never可用not、hardly、scarcely等词代替：而too 如果你收到这样的恳求，你一定会遵照执行的。 则可以用sufficient、enough等词换用。 (第二册第16课“A Polite Request") 其他例句如下： No one can avoid being influenced by advertisements. A man cannot have too many friends. 没有人能避免受到广告的影响。 一个人的朋友愈多愈好。 (第三册第26课“Wanted:A Large Biscuit Tin") You can not be too good to your mother. 。No one can evade taxes.人人都得交税。 你再怎么样对你妈妈好也不为过。 The husband didn't miss his wife in the crowd. .We can hardly work too much for the people. 丈夫在人群中找到了妻子。 为人民服务的工作做得越多越好。 .It is not uncommon to hear that a shipping company 40.New Oriental English 1994-2009 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House.All rights reserved.http://www.cnki.net
40·New Oriental English Learning Corner 学习频道 新概念英语》整套书(1~4 册) 中选取的文章都 是英语中的正式文体，尤其是《新概念英语》三、 四两册，体裁大多是文学作品或科技作品，文学性与逻 辑性较强，句型严谨，表意准确，让人回味无穷。其句 法上常常是各种句式交错，很多复杂的概念多用长句来 表述，使得句意理解的难度大为增加，尤其是一些带有 特定结构的难句和单词意思难以把握，从而造成翻译错 误，成为了新概念学习的重点。 难句一 A man can never have too many ties. 男人有多少领带也不会嫌多。(第二册第 4 1 课“D o You Call That a Hat?”) 评 析：Can never...too 为英语中比较复杂的双重 否定结构，可译为：再……也不为过；无论怎样……也 不算过分；越……越好。这类句子的特点是“貌合神 离”，即实际意义与其字面意义大相径庭，上句就常被 误译为：男人不应该有太多的领带。这样的翻译就要贻 笑大方了，因此碰到类似句子要引起高度注意，切记小 心区别。 另外，can never...too还有几个变体结构，即该结构 中的never可用not、hardly、scarcely等词代替；而too 则可以用sufficient、enough等词换用。 其他例句如下： A man cannot have too many friends. 一个人的朋友愈多愈好。 You can not be too good to your mother. 你再怎么样对你妈妈好也不为过。 We can hardly work too much for the people. 为人民服务的工作做得越多越好。 You can not be too careful. 你越小心越好。 I cannot thank you enough. 我对你感激不尽。 I couldn't get home fast enough. 我恨不得马上回家。 拓 展：新概念整套书中还贯穿着一些经典的英语 双重否定结构，既是同学们理解上的难点，也是学习上 的重点。 1、 Never too old to learn. 活到老学到老。(第二册第85 课课后题)。其中never too...to是对too...to的再否 定，表示肯定。 例如： It is never too late to mend. 过而能改，善莫大焉 /亡羊补牢，犹未晚也。 English is never too difficult to learn. 英语还是很好学的。 2、 Cats never fail to fascinate human beings.猫总能引起 人们的极大兴趣。(第三册第9课“Flying Cats”)其中 never/not/ no + fail 等带有否定意义的词构成双重 否定。 例如： If you receive a request like this, you cannot fail to obey it! 如果你收到这样的恳求，你一定会遵照执行的。 (第二册第16课“A Polite Request”) No one can avoid being influenced by advertisements. 没有人能避免受到广告的影响。 (第三册第26课“Wanted: A Large Biscuit Tin”) No one can evade taxes. 人人都得交税。 The husband didn't miss his wife in the crowd. 丈夫在人群中找到了妻子。 It is not uncommon to hear that a shipping company 40·New Oriental English Learning Corner 学习频道 《 ◎ 文/竺婵桢
Learning Corner ①学习频道 has made a claim for the cost of salvaging a sunken ship. he is lazy and self-indulgent. 航运公司为打捞沉船而提出索赔，这是常有的事。 尽管他很有天赋也很聪明，但他过于懒惰过于自我 (第三册第43课“Fully Insured'” 放纵。 And if,with the decayof vitality,weariness increases, Though I much admire your courage,I don't think you the thought of rest will be not unwelcome. actedwisely. 再者，随着精力的衰退，老年人的疲惫感会增长，有 倒装后Much as I admire your courage,Idon't 长眠的愿望未尝不是一件好事。 think you acted wisely. (第四册第11课“How to Grow01d) 尽管我很佩服你的勇气，但我并不认为你的行为是 Nothing is impossible toa willing mind. 明智的。 有志者事竟成。 .Though she was a child,she had to make a living. Of course,New York is the ideal place for such an 倒装后Child as she was,she had to make a living. interesting study,because there is no shortage of tall 尽管她还是个孩子，她必须自己去谋生。 buildings..当然纽约是进行这种实验的理想地方，因为那 ● Though he failed,he would stick to his goals. 里到处都是高楼大厦。（第三册第9课“Flying Cats) 倒装后Fail as he did,he would stick to his goals. No one is free fromanxiety. 尽管他失败了，但是他仍不放弃自己的目标。 人人都有烦恼事。 Though you will change your mind,I will not be on your side. 难句Much as we may pride ourselves on our 倒装后Change your mind as you will,I will not be good taste,we are no longer free to choose the things on your side. we want,for advertising exerts a subtle influence on 即使你改变主意了，我也不会站在你这边。 us.尽管我们可以夸自己的鉴赏力如何敏锐，但我们 拓展：由于新概念整套书是以书面英语为主，为 已经无法独立自主地选购自己所需的商品了：因为广 了避免行文单调并增加语言的书卷气和端正度，书中一 告在我们身上施加着一种潜移默化的影响力。（第三册 些颇有难度的倒装结构层出不穷以so(.,.that):such 第26课“Wanted:A Large Biscuit Tin (.that):to such a degree to such an extent”"为句首的 评析该句涉及了though引导让步状语从句的倒 句子，引起局部倒装。 装，即Much as we may pride ourselves on our good 例如： taste=Though we may pride ourselves on our good taste. So vast is the numberofplanets,that intelligent life is 不难发现，though引导的让步从句当需要倒装时必须将 bound to be a natural part of the universe. 表语或状语提前（形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提前）， 行星的数目是那么庞大，有智力的生命必然是宇宙 其余句子成分位置不变。但注意以下几点： 的自然组成部分。 )倒装后可以保留though,也可以把though改成as或 (第四册第43课“Are There Strangers in Space) 者that Such is human nature that a great many people are 2句首名词不能带任何冠词： often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of 3句首是实义动词，其他助动词放在主语后。如果实 becoming white-collar workers. 义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词一起放在主语 许多人常常愿意放弃较高的薪水以换取做白领的殊 之前。 荣，此乃人之常情。 例如： (第三册第4课“The Double Life of Alfred Bloggs) Though he is talented and smart,he is lazy and self- 有些倒装或是仅仅起强调作用，或是考虑到保持句 indulgent. 子平衡，不引起主谓语的语序改变。 倒装后Talented and smart though(as/that)heis, 例如： New Oriental English.41 1994-2009 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House.All rights reserved.http://www.cnki.net
New Oriental English·41 Learning Corner 学习频道 has made a claim for the cost of salvaging a sunken ship. 航运公司为打捞沉船而提出索赔，这是常有的事。 (第三册第43课“Fully Insured”) And if, with the decay of vitality, weariness increases, the thought of rest will be not unwelcome. 再者，随着精力的衰退，老年人的疲惫感会增长，有 长眠的愿望未尝不是一件好事。 (第四册第11课“How to Grow Old”) Nothing is impossible to a willing mind. 有志者事竟成。 Of course, New York is the ideal place for such an interesting study, because there is no shortage of tall buildings. 当然纽约是进行这种实验的理想地方，因为那 里到处都是高楼大厦。 (第三册第9课“Flying Cats”) No one is free from anxiety. 人人都有烦恼事。 难句二 Much as we may pride ourselves on our good taste, we are no longer free to choose the things we want, for advertising exerts a subtle influence on us. 尽管我们可以夸自己的鉴赏力如何敏锐，但我们 已经无法独立自主地选购自己所需的商品了；因为广 告在我们身上施加着一种潜移默化的影响力。(第三册 第26课“Wanted: A Large Biscuit Tin”) 评 析：该句涉及了though引导让步状语从句的倒 装，即Much as we may pride ourselves on our good taste= Though we may pride ourselves on our good taste。 不难发现，though引导的让步从句当需要倒装时必须将 表语或状语提前(形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提前)， 其余句子成分位置不变。但注意以下几点： 1) 倒装后可以保留though，也可以把though改成as或 者that； 2) 句首名词不能带任何冠词； 3) 句首是实义动词，其他助动词放在主语后。如果实 义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词一起放在主语 之前。 例如： Though he is talented and smart, he is lazy and selfindulgent. 倒装后：Talented and smart though (as/that) he is, he is lazy and self-indulgent. 尽管他很有天赋也很聪明，但他过于懒惰过于自我 放纵。 Though I much admire your courage, I don't think you acted wisely. 倒装后：Much as I admire your courage, I don't think you acted wisely. 尽管我很佩服你的勇气，但我并不认为你的行为是 明智的。 Though she was a child, she had to make a living. 倒装后：Child as she was, she had to make a living. 尽管她还是个孩子，她必须自己去谋生。 Though he failed, he would stick to his goals. 倒装后：Fail as he did, he would stick to his goals. 尽管他失败了，但是他仍不放弃自己的目标。 Though you will change your mind, I will not be on your side. 倒装后：Change your mind as you will, I will not be on your side. 即使你改变主意了，我也不会站在你这边。 拓 展：由于新概念整套书是以书面英语为主，为 了避免行文单调并增加语言的书卷气和端正度，书中一 些颇有难度的倒装结构层出不穷：以“so (...that)；such (...that)；to such a degree；to such an extent”为句首的 句子，引起局部倒装。 例如： So vast is the number of planets, that intelligent life is bound to be a natural part of the universe. 行星的数目是那么庞大，有智力的生命必然是宇宙 的自然组成部分。 (第四册第43课“Are There Strangers in Space”) Such is human nature that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white-collar workers. 许多人常常愿意放弃较高的薪水以换取做白领的殊 荣，此乃人之常情。 (第三册第4课“The Double Life of Alfred Bloggs”) 有些倒装或是仅仅起强调作用，或是考虑到保持句 子平衡，不引起主谓语的语序改变。 例如： New Oriental English·41 Learning Corner 学习频道
Learning Corner 学习预道① Wherever it went,it left behind ita trail of dead deer 比较难。正所谓“差之毫厘，谬以千里”，忽略了个别 and small animal like rabbits. 单词的真正内涵往往导致整句话的意思理解出现偏差。 无论它走到哪儿，一路上总会留下一串死鹿以及死 比如上述例句中before就是个典型的例子。广大中国学 兔子之类的小动物。 生一看到before就条件反射，习惯性地把它的意思拘泥 (第三册，第l课“A Puma at Large")(注：其中a 于“在…之前”，造成翻译生硬不流畅，殊不知before trail of dead deer and small animal like rabbits是left的宾 的意思丰富多彩，根据不同的上下文会引申出不同的意 语，由于过长，所以被移至状语behind it之后) 思。这句话中的before解释为“尚未：没等：还没来得 Affluent he may be,but he is by no means sure what to 及”就显得更符合汉语习惯。 tip the doorman or the chambermaid. 例如： 他可能很富有，但给看门人和房间服务员多少小 Before we had time to worry about what might happen, 费，心里却根本没有数。 we were back on the plain again. (第四册第47课The Great Escape”(注affluent作 我们还未来得及担心后果，车已经重新开上了平地。 表语，正语序是he may be affluent,这里前置仅仅起强 (第三册第39课Nothing to Worry About) 调作用) .Before very long the parents will be complaining that The inner workings of our own brains we feel to be the child is so secretive and never tells themanything... uniquely worthy of investigation 没过多久，家长们就会抱怨孩子们神神秘秘，守口 我们觉得只有我们大脑内部的活动情况才值得研究。 如瓶，什么事都不告诉他们… (第四册，第44课“Patterns of Culture)(注the inner (第四册第34课“Adolescence) workings of our own brains是feel的宾语) .Jo stopped Tom before he had a chance to reply. 汤姆还没机会回答乔就制止了他。 ●He died before writing a will.他还没写遗书就死了。 His father died before he was born 他尚未出世他父亲就去世了。 .The hawks all had flown away before we fired a shot. 我们还没来得及开枪老鹰全飞了。 Before I could sit down,she offered me a cup of tea. 没等我坐下，她就给了我一杯茶。 难间Before she(the ship)had anchored,.the 拓展：下面罗列before若千翻译方法： men from the boats had climbed on board and the 1、…才（当强调主句所表达的时间、距离很长或花费 decks were soon covered with colorful rugs from 的精力相对比较大时) Persia,silks from India,copper coffee pots,and Nearly a week passed before the girl was able to beautiful handmade silverware..大船还未下锚，小 explain what had happened to her. 船上的人就纷纷爬上客轮：一会工夫，甲板上就摆满 几乎一星期过去了，那女孩才能讲述自己的遭遇。 了色彩斑澜的波斯地毯、印度丝绸、铜咖啡壶以及手 (第二册第33课Out of the Darkness) 工制作的漂亮的银器。（第三册第28课“Five Pounds Looking at his watch,he saw that it was one oclock, too Dear") but the bell struck thirteen times before it stopped. 评析：乍一看，这句话似乎并非难句。其实英语 看一看表，现在是一点钟，可是那钟一连敲了十三 中的难句一般可归纳为两种，其一是句型结构复杂隐 下才停下来。（第三册第2课“Thirteen Equals One"” 晦，是难句中为数众多的：其二是个别单词的精确理解 Duck,and like them the pigeons,are endowed 42 .New Oriental English 1994-2009 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House.All rights reserved.http://www.cnki.net
42·New Oriental English Learning Corner 学习频道 Wherever it went, it left behind it a trail of dead deer and small animal like rabbits. 无论它走到哪儿，一路上总会留下一串死鹿以及死 兔子之类的小动物。 (第三册，第 1课“A Puma at Large”)(注：其中 a trail of dead deer and small animal like rabbits是left的宾 语，由于过长，所以被移至状语behind it之后) Affluent he may be, but he is by no means sure what to tip the doorman or the chambermaid. 他可能很富有，但给看门人和房间服务员多少小 费，心里却根本没有数。 (第四册第47课“The Great Escape”)(注：affluent作 表语，正语序是he may be affluent，这里前置仅仅起强 调作用) The inner workings of our own brains we feel to be uniquely worthy of investigation. 我们觉得只有我们大脑内部的活动情况才值得研究。 (第四册，第44课“Patterns of Culture”)(注：the inner workings of our own brains是feel的宾语) 难句三 Before she (the ship) had anchored, the men from the boats had climbed on board and the decks were soon covered with colorful rugs from Persia, silks from India, copper coffee pots, and beautiful handmade silverware. 大船还未下锚，小 船上的人就纷纷爬上客轮；一会工夫，甲板上就摆满 了色彩斑斓的波斯地毯、印度丝绸、铜咖啡壶以及手 工制作的漂亮的银器。(第三册第28 课“Five Pounds too Dear”) 评 析：乍一看，这句话似乎并非难句。其实英语 中的难句一般可归纳为两种，其一是句型结构复杂隐 晦，是难句中为数众多的；其二是个别单词的精确理解 比较难。正所谓“差之毫厘，谬以千里”，忽略了个别 单词的真正内涵往往导致整句话的意思理解出现偏差。 比如上述例句中before就是个典型的例子。广大中国学 生一看到before就条件反射，习惯性地把它的意思拘泥 于“在……之前”，造成翻译生硬不流畅，殊不知before 的意思丰富多彩，根据不同的上下文会引申出不同的意 思。这句话中的before解释为“尚未；没等；还没来得 及”就显得更符合汉语习惯。 例如： Before we had time to worry about what might happen, we were back on the plain again. 我们还未来得及担心后果，车已经重新开上了平地。 (第三册第39课“Nothing to Worry About”) Before very long the parents will be complaining that the child is so secretive and never tells them anything... 没过多久，家长们就会抱怨孩子们神神秘秘，守口 如瓶，什么事都不告诉他们…… (第四册第34课“Adolescence”) Jo stopped Tom before he had a chance to reply. 汤姆还没机会回答乔就制止了他。 He died before writing a will. 他还没写遗书就死了。 His father died before he was born. 他尚未出世他父亲就去世了。 The hawks all had flown away before we fired a shot. 我们还没来得及开枪老鹰全飞了。 Before I could sit down, she offered me a cup of tea. 没等我坐下，她就给了我一杯茶。 拓 展：下面罗列before若干翻译方法： 1、 ……才(当强调主句所表达的时间、距离很长或花费 的精力相对比较大时) Nearly a week passed before the girl was able to explain what had happened to her. 几乎一星期过去了，那女孩才能讲述自己的遭遇。 (第二册第33课“Out of the Darkness”) Looking at his watch, he saw that it was one oÕclock, but the bell struck thirteen times before it stopped. 看一看表，现在是一点钟，可是那钟一连敲了十三 下才停下来。 (第三册第2课 “Thirteen Equals One”) Duck, and like them the pigeons, are endowed 42·New Oriental English Learning Corner 学习频道
Learning Corner ①学习频道 with steel-like muscles,that are a good part of the 3、然后：在…之后 weight of the bird,and they will ply the short wings .Alfred stayed in the camp a week before he returned to with such irresistible power that they can bore for long Athelney. distances through an opposing gale before exhaustion 阿尔弗雷德在敌营里呆了一个星期之后，回到了阿 follows. 塞尔纳。 (第四册第9课“Royal Espionage") 鸭子以及与它们相似的鸽子有着天赋的钢铁般的肌 I shaved before I went to the party. 肉，占了体重的很大一部分。这些肌肉以巨大的力量扇 我刮了胡子，然后去参加宴会。 动短小的翅膀，使这类鸟能顶着大风飞行很远的距离才 4、别：不要 会疲劳。 (第四册第23课“Bird F1ight” 。Catch him before he escapes.抓住他，别让他跑了。 Every science worker will have to make numerous Take it before you change your mind. accurate computations before he can say that the results of 买了吧，别三心二意了。 his experiment are correct. 5、否则：免得 每个科学工作者必须做出大量的精确计算之后才能 。Go before I call the police.走吧，否则我叫警察了。 说他的实验结果是正确的。 .Now let me tell you this before I forget. 2、…就（当强调主句所表达的时间、距离很短或花费 我现在告诉你吧，免得我以后忘了。 的精力相对比较小时) 6、决不：与其 It was not long before a helicopter arrived on the scene 。I will die before I submit..我宁死不屈。 to rescue the survivors of the plane crash. He would die before he would betray his country. 没过多久就有一架直升飞机飞抵失事现场来搭救这 他宁愿死也不背叛国家。 些幸存者。 (第二册第75课“S0S”) He'd sit alone before he'd watch TV. Once the existence of this wavelength had been 他宁愿一个人坐着也不看电视。 discovered,it was not long before its use as the uniquely .She'll use the telephone before she'll put pen topaper. recognizable broadcasting frequency for interstellar com 她宁可打电话，而不愿意动笔写。 munication was suggested. People would pay large sums of money to gangsters for 这波长一经发现，很快就被建议用作星际通讯的惟 protection before having their life work destroyed. 一可辨认的广播频率。 人们宁可付给歹徒大笔保护费也不愿让毕生心血毁 There is no sky in June so blue that it does not point 于一且。 forward to a bluer,no sunset so beautiful that it does not waken the vision of a greater beauty,a vision which passes 难同Whether it be bird,.fish or beast,,the por- poise is intrigued with anything that is alive,.海豚对 before it is fullygl impsed. 六月蔚蓝的天空总使人遥想一个更加蔚蓝的苍穹： 任何活的东西都感兴趣，不管是鸟，是鱼还是野兽。 美丽的落日总会勾起一个更加绚丽的景象，这景象未及 (第四册第18课“Porpoises) 饱览就一闪即逝。 (第四册第24课“Beauty” 评析：该句的难点在于对whether引导让步状语 .I hadn't waited long before he came. 从句的虚拟语气的理解。在正式或高雅语体中，让步状 我没等多久他就来了。 语从句有时也会采用虚拟语气，即不管任何人称时态， They had been married for a month before they 一律使用动词原形（所以该结构严格意义上也属于be-式 quarreled. 虚拟语气的一种)，引导让步状语从句的结构有： 他们结婚一个月就吵架了。 whether、though、whatever,比如： .I hadn't gone amile before I felt tired. .Though he be the Headmaster himself,he shall agree to 我没走到一英里就觉得累了。 our plan. New Oriental English.43 1994-2009 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House.All rights reserved.http://www.cnki.net
New Oriental English·43 Learning Corner 学习频道 with steel-like muscles, that are a good part of the weight of the bird, and they will ply the short wings with such irresistible power that they can bore for long distances through an opposing gale before exhaustion follows. 鸭子以及与它们相似的鸽子有着天赋的钢铁般的肌 肉，占了体重的很大一部分。这些肌肉以巨大的力量扇 动短小的翅膀，使这类鸟能顶着大风飞行很远的距离才 会疲劳。 (第四册第23课“Bird Flight”) Every science worker will have to make numerous accurate computations before he can say that the results of his experiment are correct. 每个科学工作者必须做出大量的精确计算之后才能 说他的实验结果是正确的。 2、 ……就(当强调主句所表达的时间、距离很短或花费 的精力相对比较小时) It was not long before a helicopter arrived on the scene to rescue the survivors of the plane crash. 没过多久就有一架直升飞机飞抵失事现场来搭救这 些幸存者。 (第二册第75课“SOS”) Once the existence of this wavelength had been discovered, it was not long before its use as the uniquely recognizable broadcasting frequency for interstellar communication was suggested. 这波长一经发现，很快就被建议用作星际通讯的惟 一可辨认的广播频率。 There is no sky in June so blue that it does not point forward to a bluer, no sunset so beautiful that it does not waken the vision of a greater beauty, a vision which passes before it is fully glimpsed. 六月蔚蓝的天空总使人遥想一个更加蔚蓝的苍穹； 美丽的落日总会勾起一个更加绚丽的景象，这景象未及 饱览就一闪即逝。 (第四册第24课“Beauty”) I hadn't waited long before he came. 我没等多久他就来了。 They had been married for a month before they quarreled. 他们结婚一个月就吵架了。 I hadn't gone a mile before I felt tired. 我没走到一英里就觉得累了。 3、 然后；在……之后 Alfred stayed in the camp a week before he returned to Athelney. 阿尔弗雷德在敌营里呆了一个星期之后，回到了阿 塞尔纳。 (第四册第9课“Royal Espionage”) I shaved before I went to the party. 我刮了胡子，然后去参加宴会。 4、 别；不要 Catch him before he escapes. 抓住他，别让他跑了。 Take it before you change your mind. 买了吧，别三心二意了。 5、 否则；免得 Go before I call the police. 走吧，否则我叫警察了。 Now let me tell you this before I forget. 我现在告诉你吧，免得我以后忘了。 6、 决不；与其 I will die before I submit.我宁死不屈。 He would die before he would betray his country. 他宁愿死也不背叛国家。 He'd sit alone before he'd watch TV. 他宁愿一个人坐着也不看电视。 She'll use the telephone before she'll put pen to paper. 她宁可打电话，而不愿意动笔写。 People would pay large sums of money to gangsters for protection before having their life work destroyed. 人们宁可付给歹徒大笔保护费也不愿让毕生心血毁 于一旦。 难句四 Whether it be bird, fish or beast, the porpoise is intrigued with anything that is alive. 海豚对 任何活的东西都感兴趣，不管是鸟，是鱼还是野兽。 (第四册第18课“Porpoises”) 评 析：该句的难点在于对whether引导让步状语 从句的虚拟语气的理解。在正式或高雅语体中，让步状 语从句有时也会采用虚拟语气，即不管任何人称时态， 一律使用动词原形(所以该结构严格意义上也属于be-式 虚拟语气的一种) ，引导让步状语从句的结构有： whether、though、whatever，比如： Though he be the Headmaster himself, he shall agree to our plan. New Oriental English·43 Learning Corner 学习频道
Learning Corner 学习预道① 即便他是校长本人，也必须服从我们的计划。 该短语中were就是虚拟语气，通常解释为“可以这 Though everyone desert you,I will not. 么说/姑且这么说”，句中其他动词不需要根据虚拟语气 即使每个人都抛弃了你，我也绝对不会。 作改变。 Afterall,all livingcreatures liveby feedingon some- 例如 thing else,whether it be plant or animal,dead or alive,and They will be able,as it were,to see and hear us in it is only by chance that such a fate is avoided. action 因为一切生物都是靠吃别的东西来活命的，不管这 可以这么说，他们能够身临其境地感受我们的一切。 种东西是植物还是动物，死的还是活的，因此，生物偶 (第三册第38课“The First Calendar"” 尔才能避免被吃掉的命运。 .He gets the solid shape,as it were,inside his head (第四册第26课“The Past Life of the Earth” he thinks of it,whatever its size,as if he were holding it Whether he succeed or fail,it will not matter to me. completely enclosed in the hollow of his hand. 无论他是成功还是失败，都与我无关。 可以这样说，当他想象一个物体时，不管其大小如 .Whatever be the motives,we cannot forgive such 何，他脑子里得到的是一个立体的概念，就好像完全握 behaviors. 在自己手心里一样。 无论他这样做的动机是什么，我们都不能原谅这样 (第四册第31课“The Sculptor Speaks'” 的行为。 3、 目的状语从句中的虚拟语气 拓展虚拟语气是语言中的常见现象，诸如suggest、 有时so that、in order that、for fear that、lest引导 if、wish等结构中的虚拟语气对于学生来讲已不再具有 的目的状语从句可以用直陈语气，也可以用虚拟语气。 杀伤力，然而新概念课本中有些虚拟语气结构的巧妙运 虚拟语气一般使用在比较正式的文体中，用法为 用却值得学生反复咀嚼： “should+-动词原形”，其中的should并没有具体意义，只 1、含蓄虚拟语气 是一个语法功能词。 所谓含蓄虚拟语气就是有时句子里不出现明显的假 例如： 设条件从句，但假想的条件隐含在上下文逻辑关系中， I arrived early in order that I should get a good view of 或通过一些语法手段得以体现，这种情况就称为含蓄虚 the procession. 拟语气。常用语法手段如下but for,/but that要不是因 我来的比较早，为的是能更清楚地观看这场游行。 为without若没有：except for若没有：with若带有： Many firms,for instance,have great difficulty in ob or(else)/otherwise?否则but但是in the absence of在 taining technical or scientific books from libraries because 没有…的情况下under the circumstances of在… they are unwilling to have their names entered as having 的情况下。 taken out such and such a book,for fear the agents of other 例如： firms should be able to trace the kind of research they are .Without it we could not make a living. likely to be under taking. 要是没有它（这条河），我们就无法生存。 比如，很多公司向图书馆借阅科技书籍时感到很困 (第三册第56课“Our Neighbor,the River"” 难，因为他们不愿让人家记下他们公司的名字和借阅的 该句的意思等同于If it were not for the river,we 某一本书。他们生怕别的公司的情报人员会据此摸到他 could not make a living. 们可能要从事的某项科研项目。 But for the river,we could not make a living. (第四册第l5课“Secrecy in Industry) Except for the river,we could not make a living. 4、一些表示虚拟语气的固定结构 In the absence of the river,we could not make a be that as it may=however that may be即使t如此 living come what may whatever may happen 2、as it were表示虚拟 不管发生了什么事 44.New Oriental English 1994-2009 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House.All rights reserved.http://www.cnki.net
44·New Oriental English Learning Corner 学习频道 即便他是校长本人，也必须服从我们的计划。 Though everyone desert you, I will not. 即使每个人都抛弃了你，我也绝对不会。 After all, all living creatures live by feeding on something else, whether it be plant or animal, dead or alive, and it is only by chance that such a fate is avoided. 因为一切生物都是靠吃别的东西来活命的，不管这 种东西是植物还是动物，死的还是活的，因此，生物偶 尔才能避免被吃掉的命运。 (第四册第26课“The Past Life of the Earth”) Whether he succeed or fail, it will not matter to me. 无论他是成功还是失败，都与我无关。 Whatever be the motives, we cannot forgive such behaviors. 无论他这样做的动机是什么，我们都不能原谅这样 的行为。 拓 展：虚拟语气是语言中的常见现象，诸如suggest、 if、wish等结构中的虚拟语气对于学生来讲已不再具有 杀伤力，然而新概念课本中有些虚拟语气结构的巧妙运 用却值得学生反复咀嚼： 1、 含蓄虚拟语气 所谓含蓄虚拟语气就是有时句子里不出现明显的假 设条件从句，但假想的条件隐含在上下文逻辑关系中， 或通过一些语法手段得以体现，这种情况就称为含蓄虚 拟语气。常用语法手段如下：but for/but that 要不是因 为；without若没有；except for若没有；with 若带有； or (else)/ otherwise否则；but但是；in the absence of 在 没有……的情况下；under the circumstances of 在…… 的情况下。 例如： Without it we could not make a living. 要是没有它(这条河)，我们就无法生存。 (第三册第56课“Our Neighbor, the River”) 该句的意思等同于： If it were not for the river, we could not make a living. = But for the river, we could not make a living. = Except for the river, we could not make a living. = In the absence of the river, we could not make a living. 2、as it were 表示虚拟 该短语中were就是虚拟语气，通常解释为“可以这 么说/姑且这么说”，句中其他动词不需要根据虚拟语气 作改变。 例如： They will be able, as it were, to see and hear us in action. 可以这么说，他们能够身临其境地感受我们的一切。 (第三册第38课“The First Calendar”) He gets the solid shape, as it were, inside his head— he thinks of it, whatever its size, as if he were holding it completely enclosed in the hollow of his hand. 可以这样说，当他想象一个物体时，不管其大小如 何，他脑子里得到的是一个立体的概念，就好像完全握 在自己手心里一样。 (第四册第31课“The Sculptor Speaks”) 3、 目的状语从句中的虚拟语气 有时so that、in order that、for fear that、lest引导 的目的状语从句可以用直陈语气，也可以用虚拟语气。 虚拟语气一般使用在比较正式的文体中，用法为 “should+动词原形”，其中的should并没有具体意义，只 是一个语法功能词。 例如： I arrived early in order that I should get a good view of the procession. 我来的比较早，为的是能更清楚地观看这场游行。 Many firms, for instance, have great difficulty in obtaining technical or scientific books from libraries because they are unwilling to have their names entered as having taken out such and such a book, for fear the agents of other firms should be able to trace the kind of research they are likely to be undertaking. 比如，很多公司向图书馆借阅科技书籍时感到很困 难，因为他们不愿让人家记下他们公司的名字和借阅的 某一本书。他们生怕别的公司的情报人员会据此摸到他 们可能要从事的某项科研项目。 (第四册第15课“Secrecy in Industry”) 4、一些表示虚拟语气的固定结构 be that as it may = however that may be 即使如此 come what may = whatever may happen 不管发生了什么事 44·New Oriental English Learning Corner 学习频道
Learning Corner ⊙学习频姐 .Whether wind or rain comes Come wind or rain vided/providing(that)前提是considering(that)考虑到 无论风吹雨打 assuming(that)前提是/假定。 例如： 例如： Be that as it may,the nerve poison does its business .People can get their money back provided there is with man far more quickly than the blood poison. something to identify. 尽管如此，神经毒液比溶血性毒液在人身上起作用 只要有证据证明，人们就可以把自己的钱拿回来。 快得多。 (第四册第20课“Snake Poison) (第三册第7课课后练习) Come what may,I will give it a try. Even this was remarkable,considering that she had 无论如何我都要试一试。 had so many delays. .Come wind or rain,I will accompany the blind man to 考虑到她一路上被耽搁了那么多次，即便这样已经 the factory every day. 是很了不起了。 (第三册第25课“The Cutty Sark) 不论刮风还是下雨，我每天要送那位盲人去工厂上班。 You can stretch your legs on the spacious decks,play games,meet interesting people and enjoy good food- 难问①Granted,.a snobbery of camping itself, always assuming,of course,that the sea is calm based upon equipment and techniques,already 你可以在宽散的甲板上伸伸腿，玩玩游戏，结识一 exists;but it is of a kind that,if he meets it,he can 些有趣的人，享受一顿美味佳肴，当然只有当海面风平 readily understand and deal with.诚然，露营地本身 浪静的时候才能这样。 也存在以露营装备和方式取人的势利现象，但如果有 (第三册第44课“Speed and Comfort” 这种情况，露营者也容易理解，知道如何应付。（第四 其他的一些复合连词还有supposing/suppose(that) 册第47课“The Great Escape) 假定/假设given/seeing(that)由于/鉴于。 难点：把握整句话的脉络是攻破长句的有效方 例如： 法。上述例句中的骨干结构就是granted.,.but而理解 Supposing/Suppose you get trapped in a house on fire, granted是正确理解整句话的关键所在。这里的granted what will you do? 并不是作为动词表示“给予，颁发”，而是英语中为数不 如果你被困在一间着火的房子里，你会怎么办？ 多的复合连词之一，解释为“诚然/确实如此/即使/尽 Seeing/Given she is economically and sentimentally 管”，表示让步口气，其常用结构为granted(that)..but.· independent,I don't know how you can control her. 或者granting(that)..but..。 她无论是经济上还是情感上都独立了，你还怎么去 例如： 摆布她？ .Granted,a preponderance of Germans is a character- istics that seems common to most Mediterranean sites:but 篇幅有限，仅以上述例句的阐述略谈一二。阅读美 as yet there is no overwhelmingly specialized patronage. 文是种享受，攻克难句是种乐趣，何不翻开新概念，一 在大多数地中海露营地里，德国人占优势似乎是个 起体验阅读的乐趣呢？ 普遍现象，确实如此，但没有特别的优待。 (第四册第47课“The Great Escape"” 作者简介 Granted that he did say so,what harm can you see in it? 就算他说了这话，你看有什么不好呢？ 竺婵桢，上海新东方新概念三册 Granting (that)you are right,you should not treat her 教研组组长。毕业于上海外国语大学 likethat. 英语语言文学系。扎实的英语功底、 灵活的教学方法、清晰的授课思路、 即使你是对的，你也不应该那样对待她。 丰富的信息含量，使她的课被学员们 拓展：新概念课本中还出现的复合连词有：pro- 公认为“收获最大”的课程之一。 New Oriental English.45 1994-2009 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House.All rights reserved. http://www.cnki.net
New Oriental English·45 Learning Corner 学习频道 Whether wind or rain comes = Come wind or rain 无论风吹雨打 例如： Be that as it may, the nerve poison does its business with man far more quickly than the blood poison. 尽管如此，神经毒液比溶血性毒液在人身上起作用 快得多。 (第四册第20课 “Snake Poison”) Come what may, I will give it a try. 无论如何我都要试一试。 Come wind or rain, I will accompany the blind man to the factory every day. 不论刮风还是下雨，我每天要送那位盲人去工厂上班。 难句五 Granted, a snobbery of camping itself, based upon equipment and techniques, already exists; but it is of a kind that, if he meets it, he can readily understand and deal with. 诚然，露营地本身 也存在以露营装备和方式取人的势利现象，但如果有 这种情况，露营者也容易理解，知道如何应付。(第四 册第47 课“The Great Escape”) 难 点：把握整句话的脉络是攻破长句的有效方 法。上述例句中的骨干结构就是granted...but；而理解 granted 是正确理解整句话的关键所在。这里的granted 并不是作为动词表示“给予，颁发”，而是英语中为数不 多的复合连词之一，解释为“诚然 /确实如此/即使 /尽 管”，表示让步口气，其常用结构为granted (that)...but... 或者granting (that)...but...。 例如： Granted, a preponderance of Germans is a characteristics that seems common to most Mediterranean sites; but as yet there is no overwhelmingly specialized patronage. 在大多数地中海露营地里，德国人占优势似乎是个 普遍现象，确实如此，但没有特别的优待。 (第四册第47 课“The Great Escape”) Granted that he did say so, what harm can you see in it? 就算他说了这话，你看有什么不好呢？ Granting (that) you are right, you should not treat her like that. 即使你是对的，你也不应该那样对待她。 拓 展：新概念课本中还出现的复合连词有：provided/providing(that)前提是；considering (that)考虑到； assuming (that) 前提是/假定。 例如： People can get their money back provided there is something to identify. 只要有证据证明，人们就可以把自己的钱拿回来。 (第三册第7课课后练习) Even this was remarkable, considering that she had had so many delays. 考虑到她一路上被耽搁了那么多次，即便这样已经 是很了不起了。 (第三册第25课“The Cutty Sark”) You can stretch your legs on the spacious decks, play games, meet interesting people and enjoy good food-- always assuming, of course, that the sea is calm. 你可以在宽敞的甲板上伸伸腿，玩玩游戏，结识一 些有趣的人，享受一顿美味佳肴，当然只有当海面风平 浪静的时候才能这样。 (第三册第44课“Speed and Comfort”) 其他的一些复合连词还有：supposing/suppose (that) 假定/假设；given/seeing (that) 由于/鉴于。 例如： Supposing/Suppose you get trapped in a house on fire, what will you do? 如果你被困在一间着火的房子里，你会怎么办？ Seeing/Given she is economically and sentimentally independent, I don't know how you can control her. 她无论是经济上还是情感上都独立了，你还怎么去 摆布她？ 篇幅有限，仅以上述例句的阐述略谈一二。阅读美 文是种享受，攻克难句是种乐趣，何不翻开新概念，一 起体验阅读的乐趣呢？ 竺婵桢，上海新东方新概念三册 教研组组长。毕业于上海外国语大学 英语语言文学系。扎实的英语功底、 灵活的教学方法、清晰的授课思路、 丰富的信息含量，使她的课被学员们 公认为“收获最大”的课程之一。 作者简介
