Unit 19 Australia in the World Today(当今世界的澳大利亚) 一、本单元重点内容 L.three stages in Australian foreign relations(澳大利亚外交关系的三个阶段) 2.economic relations(经济关系) 3.education in Australia(澳大利亚的教育) 4.tourism in Australia(澳大利亚的旅游业) 5.media in Australia(澳大利亚的传媒) 6.environmental risks(环境风险) 7.impact of Climate Change on Australia(气候变化对澳大利亚的影响) 二、本单元重、难点辅导 1.three stages in Australian foreign relations（澳大利亚外交关系的三个阶段) Stage1:1788-1940s Until 1900,there were 6 British colonies in Australia On Federation in 1901,Australia became an independent colony but until the 1940 s it had little control in the field of foreign affairs 190l年联邦成立， 澳大利亚成为独立的殖民地，但直到20世纪40年代之前澳大利亚在外交领域几乎没有控制权。 During World War II,the Australian government was horrified at the British neglect of the dangers that Japanese militarism posed to Australia.The government turned from the UK to the USA to cooperate in defending Australia.The Statute of Westminster Adoption Act,passed by the Curtin Government in 1942, provided that in future the British Government could only legislate for Australia at Australia's specific request1942年，澳大利亚亚科廷政府通过《威斯敏斯特接受法案》。法案规定，在未来，英国政府 只能在澳大利亚的特殊要求下才能为澳大利亚立法。 Stage2:1940s-1970s The danger now was that Australia had simply exchanged domination by the UK for domination by the USA.During this time,the deeply unpopular policy of conscription-by-ballot became one of the major factors leading to a negative reaction to Australia's relationship with the USA在此期间，人们极力反对的 “征兵制度”（义务兵役制，即由抽签决定服兵役的制度）成为导致人们对澳美关系负面反应的主要 因素之一。 Stage 3:1970s to date,Australia in the World today The Whitlam Labor government (1972-1974)made a conscious decision that Australia would take a more independent position.Today,Australia is a member of the APEC,G20,OECD and WTO organization 亚太经合组织，20国集团，经济合作发展组织和世贸组织APEC was established from an Australian initiative in 1989,when Canberra hosted the first informal dialogue with 12 members.So,APEC provides
1 Unit 19 Australia in the World Today（当今世界的澳大利亚） 一、本单元重点内容 1. three stages in Australian foreign relations （澳大利亚外交关系的三个阶段） 2. economic relations (经济关系) 3. education in Australia (澳大利亚的教育) 4. tourism in Australia (澳大利亚的旅游业) 5. media in Australia (澳大利亚的传媒) 6. environmental risks (环境风险) 7. impact of Climate Change on Australia（气候变化对澳大利亚的影响） 二、本单元重、难点辅导 1. three stages in Australian foreign relations （澳大利亚外交关系的三个阶段） Stage 1:1788—1940s Until 1900, there were 6 British colonies in Australia. On Federation in 1901, Australia became an independent colony but until the 1940s it had little control in the field of foreign affairs 1901 年联邦成立， 澳大利亚成为独立的殖民地，但直到 20 世纪 40 年代之前澳大利亚在外交领域几乎没有控制权。 During World War II, the Australian government was horrified at the British neglect of the dangers that Japanese militarism posed to Australia. The government turned from the UK to the USA to cooperate in defending Australia. The Statute of Westminster Adoption Act, passed by the Curtin Government in 1942, provided that in future the British Government could only legislate for Australia at Australia’s specific request 1942 年，澳大利亚亚科廷政府通过《威斯敏斯特接受法案》。法案规定，在未来，英国政府 只能在澳大利亚的特殊要求下才能为澳大利亚立法。 Stage 2: 1940s—1970s The danger now was that Australia had simply exchanged domination by the UK for domination by the USA. During this time, the deeply unpopular policy of conscription-by-ballot became one of the major factors leading to a negative reaction to Australia’s relationship with the USA 在此期间，人们极力反对的 “征兵制度”（义务兵役制，即由抽签决定服兵役的制度）成为导致人们对澳美关系负面反应的主要 因素之一。 Stage 3: 1970s to date, Australia in the World today The Whitlam Labor government (1972-1974) made a conscious decision that Australia would take a more independent position. Today, Australia is a member of the APEC, G20, OECD and WTO organization 亚太经合组织, 20 国集团, 经济合作发展组织和世贸组织. APEC was established from an Australian initiative in 1989, when Canberra hosted the first informal dialogue with 12 members. So, APEC provides
an important base for Australia's current economic and political role in an increasingly globalized world. Globalisation has been defined as comprising four flows:of capital,of technology,of people,of culture. 2.economic relations(经济关系) The Australian economy now depends primarily upon its resources and services industries.In 1972, Japan became Australia's largest trading partner.Then,in 2007,China overtook Japan.The strength of the new trading relationship with China is viewed with a mixture of feelings within Australia在澳大利亚人们 对加强与中国的新贸易关系有着不同的看法。 3.education in Australia(澳大利亚的教育) Australian schools and universities are part of Australia's third-biggest export industry,hosting large amounts of overseas students.Brue Baird recommended greater government control of the educational standards of the colleges and better information flows to the prospective students to enable them to make informed choices about the standards of education they are buying.B落拓建议政府加大对大学生教育 标准的控制，同时对学生提供更好的信息，以便他们能根据掌握的信息选择他们将要付费接受的教 育。 4.tourism in Australia(澳大利亚的旅游业) Tourism is the second major service industry in the Australian export economy.The most successful tourist marketing campaign,the "Put another Shrimp on the Barbie"campaign,focused on the friendly casualness of an Australian barbecue against the backdrop of Ulura,the magnificent megalith set in the vast and beautiful desert centre of Australia,one of the most symbols of Australia最成功的旅游市场销售活动 是“在烧烤上再放上一只虾”，中心是体现澳大利亚烧烤的友好和休闲，背景是厄亚斯巨石，这是澳 大利亚中部宽广又美丽的沙漠上的一块壮观的巨石.For the majority of overseas visitors,.the most popular tourist features include the Great Barrier Reef,Ulura,Kakadu and the key city attractions and beaches of Sydney,the Gold Coast,.and the other metropolitan centres.对大多数海外旅客来说，最著名的 景点包括大堡礁、厄亚斯巨石、卡卡都国家公园以及主要城市旅游点和悉尼海滩、黄金海岸和其他 大城市中心。Kakadu covers 19O00 square kilometer and covers 1000 different plant species,and a quarter of all Australian freshwater fish species.A number of Aboriginal clans still live within the Kakadu National Park 5.media in Australia(澳大利亚的传媒 54 English English language newspapers,and several non-English publications in 20-25 other languages,are published in Australia.The mainstream press comprises one national newspaper,The Australian and State based newspapers,including The Sydney Morning Herald and The Age. 6.environmental risks(环境风险) Global flows of pollution are created mainly by the high and medium power nations but affect all nations.Australia only accounts for around 1.5%of global greenhouse gas emissions,but its per capita emissions are more than 4 times the world average.Australia's relatively high per capita emissions can be 2
2 an important base for Australia’s current economic and political role in an increasingly globalized world. Globalisation has been defined as comprising four flows: of capital, of technology, of people, of culture. 2. economic relations (经济关系) The Australian economy now depends primarily upon its resources and services industries. In 1972, Japan became Australia’s largest trading partner. Then, in 2007, China overtook Japan. The strength of the new trading relationship with China is viewed with a mixture of feelings within Australia 在澳大利亚人们 对加强与中国的新贸易关系有着不同的看法。 3. education in Australia (澳大利亚的教育) Australian schools and universities are part of Australia’s third-biggest export industry, hosting large amounts of overseas students. Brue Baird recommended greater government control of the educational standards of the colleges and better information flows to the prospective students to enable them to make informed choices about the standards of education they are buying.Ｂ落拓 建议政府加大对大学生教育 标准的控制，同时对学生提供更好的信息，以便他们能根据掌握的信息选择他们将要付费接受的教 育。 4. tourism in Australia (澳大利亚的旅游业) Tourism is the second major service industry in the Australian export economy. The most successful tourist marketing campaign, the “Put another Shrimp on the Barbie” campaign, focused on the friendly casualness of an Australian barbecue against the backdrop of Ulura, the magnificent megalith set in the vast and beautiful desert centre of Australia, one of the most symbols of Australia 最成功的旅游市场销售活动 是“在烧烤上再放上一只虾”，中心是体现澳大利亚烧烤的友好和休闲，背景是厄亚斯巨石，这是澳 大利亚中部宽广又美丽的沙漠上的一块壮观的巨石. For the majority of overseas visitors, the most popular tourist features include the Great Barrier Reef, Ulura, Kakadu and the key city attractions and beaches of Sydney, the Gold Coast, and the other metropolitan centres.对大多数海外旅客来说，最著名的 景点包括大堡礁、厄亚斯巨石、卡卡都国家公园以及主要城市旅游点和悉尼海滩、黄金海岸和其他 大城市中心。Kakadu covers 19 000 square kilometer and covers 1000 different plant species, and a quarter of all Australian freshwater fish species. A number of Aboriginal clans still live within the Kakadu National Park. 5. media in Australia (澳大利亚的传媒) 54 English English language newspapers, and several non-English publications in 20-25 other languages, are published in Australia. The mainstream press comprises one national newspaper, The Australian and State based newspapers, including The Sydney Morning Herald and The Age. 6. environmental risks (环境风险) Global flows of pollution are created mainly by the high and medium power nations but affect all nations. Australia only accounts for around 1.5% of global greenhouse gas emissions, but its per capita emissions are more than 4 times the world average. Australia’s relatively high per capita emissions can be
attributed to factors such as the high usage of coal in electricity generation,the agricultural emissions from large number s of sheep and cattle,and by land clearing. 7.impact of Climate Change on Australia(气候变化对澳大利亚的影响) There are a range of risks that Australians face from climate change:droughts,fires,cyclones,floods, species loss千旱、火灾、旋风、洪水、物种的丧失。There are several community based programmes focused on saving specific species but the Australian Academy of Science is concerned that whilst Australians will spend energy in safeguarding its"emblematic species"like kolas,and the helmeted honey eater. Species loss and carbon emissions are clearly associated with the clear felling of forests很明显，物种 的丧失和碳的排放与森林砍伐有着紧密相关。Alternative forms of renewable energy可再生能源，wind farms风能发电厂，solar panels太阳能电池板，biofuels生物燃料，geothermal地热，ocean power and biomass are replacing some of the unsustainable and carbon polluting forms of energy resources.However, fossil fuels矿物燃料products still dominate Australian energy consumption. 3
3 attributed to factors such as the high usage of coal in electricity generation, the agricultural emissions from large number s of sheep and cattle, and by land clearing. 7. impact of Climate Change on Australia（气候变化对澳大利亚的影响） There are a range of risks that Australians face from climate change: droughts, fires, cyclones, floods, species loss 干旱、火灾、旋风、洪水、物种的丧失。There are several community based programmes focused on saving specific species but the Australian Academy of Science is concerned that whilst Australians will spend energy in safeguarding its “emblematic species” like kolas, and the helmeted honey eater. Species loss and carbon emissions are clearly associated with the clear felling of forests 很明显，物种 的丧失和碳的排放与森林砍伐有着紧密相关。Alternative forms of renewable energy 可再生能源, wind farms 风能发电厂, solar panels 太阳能电池板, biofuels 生物燃料, geothermal 地热, ocean power and biomass are replacing some of the unsustainable and carbon polluting forms of energy resources. However, fossil fuels 矿物燃料 products still dominate Australian energy consumption