The United States of America Unit6 Religion in the United States(美国的宗教) 一、本单元重点内容 I.American history and religious liberty(美国历史和宗教自由) 2.the US Constitution and religion(《美国宪法》和宗教) 3.Protestants and different Protestant groups in the US.(美国的新教徒和不同的新教分支) 4.Catholics in the US(美国的天主教徒) 5.Jews and their religious faith(犹太教教徒和他们的宗教信仰) 6. religious diversity in the US(美国的宗教多样性) 7.characteristics of American religious beliefs(美国宗教信仰的特征) 二、本单元重、难点辅导 1.American history and religious liberty(美国历史和宗教自由) 1)history WASP”(央格鲁撒克逊白人新教文化)，which stands for“White Anglo-Saxon Protestant'”,is believed to be the basis of the mainstream culture of the United States. Although the Church of England was an established church in several colonies,Protestants lived side by side in relative harmony.(英国国教虽然在几个殖民地是官立教会，但新教各派都能和平相处)They had began to influence each other.The Great Awakening of the 1740s,a 'revival"movement which sought to breathe new feeling and strength into religion,cut across the lines of Protestant religious groups,or denominations.(I8世纪40年代的宗教大复兴运动力图把新的感觉和新的力量注入北美各殖民地人 民的宗教信仰中去。这次“复兴”运动打破了新教各派的界限。) John Locke reasoned that the right to govern comes from an agreement or"social contract"voluntarily entered into by free people.The Puritan experience in forming congregations()made this idea seem natural to many Americans. Influenced by the new science and new ideas of the Enlightenment in Europe,a few Americans became deist(自然神论信仰者)，believing that reason teaches that God exists but leaves man free to settle his own affairs Many traditional Protestants and deists could agree that all men are created equal,that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable(不能a被剥夺的)rights and that the laws of Nature and Nature'sGod(创造自然的上帝)entitled them to form a nation. 2)religious liberty(宗教自由)：The Declaration of Independence guaranteed the basic right of religious freedom and this right was a political necessity. 2.the US Constitution and religion(《美国宪法》和宗教)
The United States of America 1 Unit 6 Religion in the United States (美国的宗教) 一、本单元重点内容 1. American history and religious liberty (美国历史和宗教自由) 2. the US Constitution and religion (《美国宪法》和宗教) 3. Protestants and different Protestant groups in the US. (美国的新教徒和不同的新教分支) 4. Catholics in the US (美国的天主教徒) 5. Jews and their religious faith (犹太教教徒和他们的宗教信仰) 6. religious diversity in the US (美国的宗教多样性) 7. characteristics of American religious beliefs (美国宗教信仰的特征) 二、本单元重、难点辅导 1. American history and religious liberty (美国历史和宗教自由) 1) history “WASP”(央格鲁撒克逊白人新教文化), which stands for “White Anglo-Saxon Protestant”, is believed to be the basis of the mainstream culture of the United States. Although the Church of England was an established church in several colonies, Protestants lived side by side in relative harmony.(英国国教虽然在几个殖民地是官立教会，但新教各派都能和平相处.) They had began to influence each other. The Great Awakening of the 1740s, a “revival ” movement which sought to breathe new feeling and strength into religion, cut across the lines of Protestant religious groups, or denominations. (18 世纪 40 年代的宗教大复兴运动力图把新的感觉和新的力量注入北美各殖民地人 民的宗教信仰中去。这次“复兴”运动打破了新教各派的界限。) John Locke reasoned that the right to govern comes from an agreement or “social contract” voluntarily entered into by free people. The Puritan experience in forming congregations(圣会) made this idea seem natural to many Americans. Influenced by the new science and new ideas of the Enlightenment in Europe, a few Americans became deist(自然神论信仰者), believing that reason teaches that God exists but leaves man free to settle his own affairs. Many traditional Protestants and deists could agree that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable(不能被剥夺的) rights and that the laws of Nature and Nature’s God(创造自然的上帝) entitled them to form a nation. 2) religious liberty (宗教自由)：The Declaration of Independence guaranteed the basic right of religious freedom and this right was a political necessity. 2. the US Constitution and religion (《美国宪法》和宗教)
The United States of America The First Amendment to the U.S Constitution explicitly forbade the federal government to give special favors to any religion or to hinder the free practice,.or exercise,of religion(《美国宪法》的第一修正案明 确禁止联邦政府偏好任何一种宗教或阻碍信教自由).When disputes about the relationship between government and religion arise,American courts must settle them.But American institutions presuppose a Supreme being(美国的社会风俗习惯都是以上帝的存在为前提的)，therefore Christianity is often in practice,more favored than other religions(信仰基督教的人比其它的宗教形式的信徒要多一些) 3.Protestant )(Over 60%of Americans are said to be Protestant believers. 1)The Baptists()are the largest Protestant group in America.They believe in adult baptism by immersion,.symbolizing a mature and responsible conversion experience(主张成人全身浸水，以表示 成熟负责任的皈依经历。)，They are concentrated particularly in the Southern Bible Belt(南部信仰原教 旨主义的地区).White Baptists and black Baptists go separately to their own churches. 2)Methodists卫理公会派)are the second largest Protestant group in the U.S.The Methodist Church has a form of service based on that of the Church of England. 3)Presbyterians(长老会) 4)Episcopalians(新教圣公会派) 4.the Catholics(天主教徒) The Catholic Church is the largest single religious group in the U.S.More than 25%of all Americans are now of the Roman Catholic faith.The majority of the Catholic are descendants of immigrants from Ireland,Italy and Poland.They have the main strength in the east coast.In American history,the Catholics were discriminated against.By 1960,J.F.Kennedy's presidential election victory put to rest the Catholic religion as an issue in national politics(结束了在国家政治中关于天主教的争端).Today,the Catholics are active in running their own institutions,and have risen to positions of leadership in business,politics and labor..*The Catholic Church continues to have an all--male clergy.(天主教堂仍然只有男性牧师。) 5.Jews and their religious faith(犹太教教徒和他们的宗教信仰) More liberal Protestant and Jewish clergymen joined non-believers in maintaining that abortion is a basic right for women..(自由清教徒和犹太教牧师加入到信仰者之列，坚持认为流产是妇女的一项基 本权利) *the Three Faiths in the U.S(美国的“三大宗教信仰”) By the 1950s,the three faiths model of American religion had developed.Americans were considered to come in three basic varieties:Protestant,Catholic and Jewish.In term of numbers,the Protestants are the strongest,the Catholics are next to the Protestants and Jewish are the smallest among the three groups. *It is unconstitutional in the U.S.that public money is provided to support religious schools. 6.religious diversity in the US(美国的宗教多样性) Frontier America has made the U.S.a fertile ground for the growth of new religious movements.Many religious communities((宗教团体)and secular utopias(世俗的乌托邦组织)，experiments in new forms of social living(试验新的社会生话方式的团体)，were founded in 18 h and 19th century America.Many 2
The United States of America 2 The First Amendment to the U.S Constitution explicitly forbade the federal government to give special favors to any religion or to hinder the free practice, or exercise, of religion (《美国宪法》的第一修正案明 确禁止联邦政府偏好任何一种宗教或阻碍信教自由). When disputes about the relationship between government and religion arise, American courts must settle them. But American institutions presuppose a Supreme being (美国的社会风俗习惯都是以上帝的存在为前提的), therefore Christianity is often in practice, more favored than other religions (信仰基督教的人比其它的宗教形式的信徒要多一些). 3. Protestant (新教徒) (Over 60% of Americans are said to be Protestant believers. ) 1) The Baptists(浸礼教派) are the largest Protestant group in America. They believe in adult baptism by immersion, symbolizing a mature and responsible conversion experience（主张成人全身浸水，以表示 成熟负责任的皈依经历。）. They are concentrated particularly in the Southern Bible Belt (南部信仰原教 旨主义的地区). White Baptists and black Baptists go separately to their own churches. 2) Methodists(卫理公会派) are the second largest Protestant group in the U.S. The Methodist Church has a form of service based on that of the Church of England. 3) Presbyterians (长老会) 4) Episcopalians (新教圣公会派) 4. the Catholics (天主教徒) The Catholic Church is the largest single religious group in the U.S. More than 25% of all Americans are now of the Roman Catholic faith. The majority of the Catholic are descendants of immigrants from Ireland, Italy and Poland. They have the main strength in the east coast. In American history, the Catholics were discriminated against. By 1960, J.F. Kennedy’s presidential election victory put to rest the Catholic religion as an issue in national politics (结束了在国家政治中关于天主教的争端). Today, the Catholics are active in running their own institutions, and have risen to positions of leadership in business, politics and labor. * The Catholic Church continues to have an all-male clergy. (天主教堂仍然只有男性牧师。) 5. Jews and their religious faith (犹太教教徒和他们的宗教信仰) More liberal Protestant and Jewish clergymen joined non-believers in maintaining that abortion is a basic right for women.（自由清教徒和犹太教牧师加入到信仰者之列，坚持认为流产是妇女的一项基 本权利) *the Three Faiths in the U.S (美国的“三大宗教信仰”) By the 1950s, the three faiths model of American religion had developed. Americans were considered to come in three basic varieties: Protestant, Catholic and Jewish. In term of numbers, the Protestants are the strongest, the Catholics are next to the Protestants and Jewish are the smallest among the three groups. *It is unconstitutional in the U.S. that public money is provided to support religious schools. 6. religious diversity in the US (美国的宗教多样性) Frontier America has made the U.S. a fertile ground for the growth of new religious movements. Many religious communities(宗教团体) and secular utopias（世俗的乌托邦组织）, experiments in new forms of social living (试验新的社会生活方式的团体), were founded in 18th and 19th century America. Many
The United States of America small sects()and cults ()appear in American society all the time.They have certain tendencies in common.They regard the larger society as hopelessly corrupt.Some of them never win a large following but some others prosper and graduate into the rank of the respectable(有相当地位（数量）的) denominations.Some non-Western religious such as Buddhism(佛教)，Hindus(印度教)and Islam(伊斯 兰教)are also begging to grow. 7.characteristics of American religious beliefs(美国宗教信仰的特征) 1).The Bill of Rights of the U.S.Constitution provides that there is no state religion and that church and state must be separated.(没有国教及政教分离) 2)American religious beliefs continue to be strong with social progress. 3)In the United States,every church is a completely independent organization and concerned with its own finance and its own building There has been little concentration on doctrine or religious argument such as in European history. In the U.S.,people go church mainly for the following reasons:(1)for having a place in community (2)for identifying themselves with dominant values(使自己和社会的主流价值观保持一致)(3)for getting together with friends. 补充：世界性三大宗教为基督教、伊斯兰数和佛教，而其它宗教则主要为民族性宗教或地域性 宗教。中国人习惯上称中国有五大宗教，即天主教、基督教（指基督新教）、伊斯兰教、佛教和道教， 而实际上只是在世界三大宗教基础上加上了中国传统宗教一道教。基督教分为天主教、新教和 东正教三大派。 3
The United States of America 3 small sects（教派） and cults （信徒）appear in American society all the time. They have certain tendencies in common. They regard the larger society as hopelessly corrupt. Some of them never win a large following, but some others prosper and graduate into the rank of the respectable（有相当地位（数量）的） denominations. Some non-Western religious such as Buddhism (佛教), Hindus (印度教）and Islam（伊斯 兰教）are also begging to grow. 7. characteristics of American religious beliefs (美国宗教信仰的特征) 1). The Bill of Rights of the U.S. Constitution provides that there is no state religion and that church and state must be separated. (没有国教及政教分离) 2) American religious beliefs continue to be strong with social progress. 3) In the United States, every church is a completely independent organization and concerned with its own finance and its own building. There has been little concentration on doctrine or religious argument such as in European history. * In the U.S., people go church mainly for the following reasons: (1) for having a place in community (2) for identifying themselves with dominant values(使自己和社会的主流价值观保持一致) (3) for getting together with friends. 补充：世界性三大宗教为基督教、伊斯兰数和佛教，而其它宗教则主要为民族性宗教或地域性 宗教。中国人习惯上称中国有五大宗教，即天主教、基督教(指基督新教)、伊斯兰教、佛教和道教， 而实际上只是在世界三大宗教基础上加上了中国传统宗教——道教。基督教分为天主教、新教和 东正教三大派