Part Four:Writing and Translation >Translation Return Knowing About Translation 句子成分转换 由于英、汉语言结构的差异，翻译时往往不能逐字 逐句对应地进行，需要作结构调整，即句子成分转 换，以保证译文的流畅。句子成分转换主要体现在 以下几个方面 1.主语的转换> 2.状语的转换> 3.定语的转换>>
Part Four: Writing and Translation >> Translation 句子成分转换 Knowing About Translation 由于英、汉语言结构的差异，翻译时往往不能逐字 逐句对应地进行，需要作结构调整，即句子成分转 换，以保证译文的流畅。句子成分转换主要体现在 以下几个方面： 1.主语的转换 >> 2.状语的转换 >> 3.定语的转换 >>
Part Four:Writing and Translation >Translation Return 1.主语的转换 1.1主语译成宾语：主要用于英语被动句译成汉语时。 (1)He is admired by everybody 大家都很钦佩他。 (主语he译成宾语) (2)As the match burns,heat and light are given off. 火柴燃烧时发出光和热。（主语heat and light译 成宾语)
例 (1) He is admired by everybody. 大家都很钦佩他。（主语he译成宾语） Part Four: Writing and Translation >> Translation 1.1 主语译成宾语：主要用于英语被动句译成汉语时。 1.主语的转换 例 (2) As the match burns, heat and light are given off. 火柴燃烧时发出光和热。（主语heat and light译 成宾语）
Part Four:Writing and Translation >Translation Return (3)Jacob Neusner argues that we have been made to believe,according to our college experience,that “failure leaves no record”. 雅各布·诺伊斯纳认为大学经历使得我们认为： “失败不会留下任何记录”·（主语we译成宾 4)About haliwayhough my finalyea of school,was hounded by my parents to enroll in university. 在我高中最后一年的中途，父母逼着我考大 学。（主语I译成宾语)
Part Four: Writing and Translation >> Translation 例(4) About halfway through my final year of high school, I was hounded by my parents to enroll in university. 在我高中最后一年的中途，父母逼着我考大 学。（主语I译成宾语） 例(3) Jacob Neusner argues that we have been made to believe, according to our college experience, that “failure leaves no record”... 雅各布·诺伊斯纳认为大学经历使得我们认为： “失败不会留下任何记录”······（主语we译成宾 语）
Part Four:Writing and Translation >Translation Return 1.2主语译成谓语 (1)Care must be taken at all times to protect the instrument from dust and damp. 应当始终注意保护仪器，不使其沾染灰尘和受潮。 (主语care转译成谓语动词) (2)My refusal to claim responsibility for my actions and my abuse of newly gained independence and freedom from parental rule had combined to ensure my marks were below the passing grade and to make my Christmas black. To be continued
Part Four: Writing and Translation >> Translation 1.2 主语译成谓语 例(1) Care must be taken at all times to protect the instrument from dust and damp. 应当始终注意保护仪器，不使其沾染灰尘和受潮。 （主语care转译成谓语动词） 例(2) My refusal to claim responsibility for my actions and my abuse of newly gained independence and freedom from parental rule had combined to ensure my marks were below the passing grade and to make my Christmas black. To be continued
Part Four:Writing and Translation>>Translation Return 我不愿为自己的行为承担责任，对于才到手 的不受父母管制的独立和自由，随心所欲地 享用，两者加起来确保了我的得分低于及格 线，使我的圣诞节一片漆黑。（主语my refusal,, my abuse:转译成谓语动词)
Part Four: Writing and Translation >> Translation 我不愿为自己的行为承担责任，对于才到手 的不受父母管制的独立和自由，随心所欲地 享用，两者加起来确保了我的得分低于及格 线，使我的圣诞节一片漆黑。（主语my refusal, my abuse转译成谓语动词）
Part Four:Writing and Translation>>Translation Return 1.3主语译成状语 (1)Pictures show him in the company of men like Churchill,Einstein and Gandhi. 在这些照片中我们可以看到他和丘吉尔、爱因斯 坦、甘地这些人在一起。（主语pictures:转译成状语） (2)Opinion polls let us know that,besides the environment,another thing Americans worry most about is their health. 从民意测验中我们了解到，除了环境问题， 美 国人最为担忧的另一件事是他们的健康
Part Four: Writing and Translation >> Translation 1.3 主语译成状语 例(1) Pictures show him in the company of men like Churchill, Einstein and Gandhi. 在这些照片中我们可以看到他和丘吉尔、爱因斯 坦、甘地这些人在一起。（主语pictures转译成状语） 例(2) Opinion polls let us know that, besides the environment, another thing Americans worry most about is their health. 从民意测验中我们了解到，除了环境问题，美 国人最为担忧的另一件事是他们的健康
Part Four:Writing and Translation >Translation Return 2.状语的转换 (1)Since the invention of the transistor at the Bell Telephone Laboratories in 1948,it has found its way into varied applications in the commercial, industrial and military fields. 自从1948年贝尔电话研究所发明晶体管以来， 商业、工业和军事各个领域都广泛应用了这 一发明。（状语in the commercial,.industrial and military fields转译成主语)
例 (1) Since the invention of the transistor at the Bell Telephone Laboratories in 1948, it has found its way into varied applications in the commercial, industrial and military fields. 自从1948年贝尔电话研究所发明晶体管以来， 商业、工业和军事各个领域都广泛应用了这 一发明。（状语in the commercial, industrial and military fields转译成主语） Part Four: Writing and Translation >> Translation 2.状语的转换
Part Four:Writing and Translation >Translation Return (2)It can be seen in the results of the experiment that the new approach is much better than what we had tried before. 实验结果表明，新的方法比我们所尝试过的 要好得多。（状语in the results of the experiment转 译成主语)
Part Four: Writing and Translation >> Translation 例(2) It can be seen in the results of the experiment that the new approach is much better than what we had tried before. 实验结果表明，新的方法比我们所尝试过的 要好得多。（状语in the results of the experiment转 译成主语）
Part Four:Writing and Translation>>Translation Return 3.定语的转换 英语中具有动词意义的名词构成的短语，修饰名词 时经常转译成状语 (1)He drew a deep breath 他深深地吸了一口气。 (其中定语deep转译成状语) (2)The mountaineers took a good rest before they set off up to the top of the mountain again. 在向山顶再次进发前，登山者们好好地休息 了一下。（其中的定语go0d转译成状语）
例 (1) He drew a deep breath. 他深深地吸了一口气。（其中定语deep转译成状语） Part Four: Writing and Translation >> Translation 英语中具有动词意义的名词构成的短语，修饰名词 时经常转译成状语. 3.定语的转换 例 (2) The mountaineers took a good rest before they set off up to the top of the mountain again. 在向山顶再次进发前，登山者们好好地休息 了一下。（其中的定语good转译成状语）
Part Four:Writing and Translation>>Translation Return Translation Practice Directions:Translate the following sentences into Chinese. ●● ●●●●●●●● 1)There is a definite difference between understanding and applying concepts,and memorizing facts that will ● be simply forgotten as soon as the exam is over. ● ● ● ● 理解、应用概念和记住那些考试一结束就会忘的一干二净 ● ● ● ● ● 的事实，这两者之间有着明确的区别。 ● ● ● ●
Part Four: Writing and Translation >> Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into Chinese. 1) There is a definite difference between understanding and applying concepts, and memorizing facts that will be simply forgotten as soon as the exam is over. 理解、应用概念和记住那些考试一结束就会忘的一干二净 的事实，这两者之间有着明确的区别。 Translation Practice