Part Four:Writing and Translation>>Translation Return Knowing About Translation 重组法 英语长句译成汉语可用三种方法：原序译法、换序译法和 拆分译法。但在翻译实践中，不只是单纯地使用一种翻译方法。 在句子结构较为复杂、两种语言的逻辑关系和思维顺序差异较 大时，我们还可以采用重组法，即理清长句的复杂结构， 摆脱原文语序和句子形式的约束，综 合使用几种长句翻译方法和其他技巧， 按照汉语的逻辑和叙述习惯重新组合 句子，使译文流畅、自然
Knowing About Translation 英语长句译成汉语可用三种方法：原序译法、换序译法和 拆分译法。但在翻译实践中，不只是单纯地使用一种翻译方法。 在句子结构较为复杂、两种语言的逻辑关系和思维顺序差异较 大时，我们还可以采用重组法，即理清长句的复杂结构， Part Four: Writing and Translation >> Translation 重 组 法 摆脱原文语序和句子形式的约束，综 合使用几种长句翻译方法和其他技巧， 按照汉语的逻辑和叙述习惯重新组合 句子，使译文流畅、自然
Part Four:Writing and Translation>>Translation Return 1、按照原文顺序进行翻译，但进行适当拆分，并适当增加 词语。 It is a strategy that more and more companies are employing and one that experts around the country say we ought to be following with our children,both at home and at school. 译：现在这种策略已被越来越多的公司所采用。 而且，全国各地的专家认为，对待孩子也 应仿效这种做法，无论是在家里还是在学 校
1、按照原文顺序进行翻译，但进行适当拆分，并适当增加 词语。 It is a strategy that more and more companies are employing and one that experts around the country say we ought to be following with our children, both at home and at school. 译：现在这种策略已被越来越多的公司所采用。 而且，全国各地的专家认为，对待孩子也 应仿效这种做法，无论是在家里还是在学 校。 Part Four: Writing and Translation >> Translation
Part Four:Writing and Translation >Translation Return 2、对句子进行适当拆分，并调整语序。 1)The construction of such a satellite is now believed to be quite reliable (1),its realization being supported with all the contemporary science(2),which have brought into being not only materials capable of withstanding severe stresses involved and high temperatures developed,but new technological processes as well(3). 析：英语原句中，(1)是主句，(2)是独立主格结构，(3)是非限制性 定语从句，补充说明(2)中的“contemporary science”,在翻 译时拆开了定语从句，并将此从句提到句首，使行文较为自然。 译：现代科学的一切成就不仅提供了能够承受高温、高压的材料， 而且也提供了新的工艺流程。依靠现代科学的这些成就，相信 完全可以制造出这样的人造卫星。 To be continued
2、 对句子进行适当拆分，并调整语序。 1) The construction of such a satellite is now believed to be quite reliable (1), its realization being supported with all the contemporary science (2), which have brought into being not only materials capable of withstanding severe stresses involved and high temperatures developed, but new technological processes as well (3). 析：英语原句中，(1) 是主句，(2)是独立主格结构，(3)是非限制性 定语从句，补充说明（2）中的 “contemporary science”，在翻 译时拆开了定语从句，并将此从句提到句首，使行文较为自然。 译：现代科学的一切成就不仅提供了能够承受高温、高压的材料， 而且也提供了新的工艺流程。依靠现代科学的这些成就，相信 完全可以制造出这样的人造卫星。 Part Four: Writing and Translation >> Translation To be continued
Part Four:Writing and Translation>>Translation Return 2)In the process of growing up,each child learns hundreds of culturally patterned details of behavior that become incorporated into its gender identity. 译：在成长的过程中，每个孩子学会了数以百计细致具体的行为 举止。这些行为举止都带有文化的烙印，成为他们性别特征 的一部分
译：在成长的过程中，每个孩子学会了数以百计细致具体的行为 举止。这些行为举止都带有文化的烙印，成为他们性别特征 的一部分。 2) In the process of growing up, each child learns hundreds of culturally patterned details of behavior that become incorporated into its gender identity. Part Four: Writing and Translation >> Translation
Part Four:Writing and Translation>>Translation Return 3、对句子的某些短语进行结构转换，某些语法结构进行拆分， 适当增添词，并调整语序。 1)The big problem of comprehension of the English text and the big problem of how to express it in rich,present-day Chinese which ranges from the classical to the colloquial, have to be solved in the course of translation. 析：句子主干是“The big problem of..and the big problem of.. have to be solved in the course of translation”,翻译中被拆分 为两个汉语句子，短语“The big problem of'”进行了结构转换， 使之成为汉语的句子；定语从句“which ranges from.”修饰 Chinese,在译文中采用了换序方法，将它提前；在此句翻译 中进行了重新组合，还采用了增词技巧
3、对句子的某些短语进行结构转换，某些语法结构进行拆分， 适当增添词，并调整语序。 析：句子主干是“The big problem of… and the big problem of… have to be solved in the course of translation”，翻译中被拆分 为两个汉语句子，短语“The big problem of”进行了结构转换， 使之成为汉语的句子；定语从句“which ranges from…”修饰 Chinese，在译文中采用了换序方法，将它提前；在此句翻译 中进行了重新组合，还采用了增词技巧。 1) The big problem of comprehension of the English text and the big problem of how to express it in rich, present-day Chinese which ranges from the classical to the colloquial, have to be solved in the course of translation. Part Four: Writing and Translation >> Translation
Part Four:Writing and Translation>Translation Return 译：了解英语原义是一个大问题，现代汉语文言口语兼收并蓄， 怎么用这样丰富多彩的文字来表达英语原义也是一个大问 题。这两个问题都要在翻译中得到解决
译：了解英语原义是一个大问题，现代汉语文言口语兼收并蓄， 怎么用这样丰富多彩的文字来表达英语原义也是一个大问 题。这两个问题都要在翻译中得到解决。 Part Four: Writing and Translation >> Translation
Part Four:Writing and Translation>>Translation Return 2)Decisions must be made very rapidly;physical endurance is tested as much as perception,because an enormous amount of time must be spent making certain that the key figures act on the basis of the same information and purpose. 译：必须把大量时间花在确保关键人物均根据同一情报和目的 行事，而这一切对人的体力和洞察力都是一大考验。因此， 一旦考虑成熟，就应迅速做出决策
译：必须把大量时间花在确保关键人物均根据同一情报和目的 行事，而这一切对人的体力和洞察力都是一大考验。因此， 一旦考虑成熟，就应迅速做出决策。 2) Decisions must be made very rapidly; physical endurance is tested as much as perception, because an enormous amount of time must be spent making certain that the key figures act on the basis of the same information and purpose. Part Four: Writing and Translation >> Translation
Part Four:Writing and Translation>>Translation Return 4、对长句中的某些从句进行结构转换，并按照汉语的叙事顺 序调整语序。 Dr.Smith resumed the activities of the anti-cancer experiment begun in 1945 and financed by the Federal government (1)as soon as he recovered from his original disappointment at repeated failures,which had resulted in its forced suspension(2) 析：句中(1)是主句，其中过去分词短语“begun in1945and financed by the Federal government”?作为定语修饰 experiment,(2)是“as soon as”引导的时间状语从句，包 含着which引导的非限制性定语从句。翻译时，按汉语叙事习 惯，以时间顺序重新安排语序，把“his original disappointment at repeated failures”转换成因果关系，并在 翻译时把名词转译成了动词。 To be continued
4、对长句中的某些从句进行结构转换，并按照汉语的叙事顺 序调整语序。 Dr. Smith resumed the activities of the anti-cancer experiment begun in 1945 and financed by the Federal government (1) as soon as he recovered from his original disappointment at repeated failures, which had resulted in its forced suspension (2). 析：句中(1)是主句，其中过去分词短语 “begun in 1945 and financed by the Federal government” 作为定语修饰 experiment，(2) 是 “as soon as” 引导的时间状语从句，包 含着which引导的非限制性定语从句。翻译时，按汉语叙事习 惯，以时间顺序重新安排语序，把 “his original disappointment at repeated failures” 转换成因果关系，并在 翻译时把名词转译成了动词。 Part Four: Writing and Translation >> Translation To be continued
Part Four:Writing and Translation >Translation Return Dr.Smith resumed the activities of the anti-cancer experiment begun in 1945 and financed by the Federal government (1)as soon as he recovered from his original disappointment at repeated failures,which had resulted in its forced suspension(2). 译：史密斯医生于1945年开始着手由联邦政 府资助的抗癌实验。他由于屡遭失败而 感到沮丧，被迫终止了实验工作。现在 他又重新振作起来，恢复了抗癌实验活 动
译：史密斯医生于1945年开始着手由联邦政 府资助的抗癌实验。他由于屡遭失败而 感到沮丧，被迫终止了实验工作。现在 他又重新振作起来，恢复了抗癌实验活 动。 Dr. Smith resumed the activities of the anti-cancer experiment begun in 1945 and financed by the Federal government (1) as soon as he recovered from his original disappointment at repeated failures, which had resulted in its forced suspension (2). Part Four: Writing and Translation >> Translation
Part Four:Writing and Translation >Translation Return 总结 英语的长句的语法结构、逻辑关系与语义往往比较 复杂，且各种词类、非谓语动词以及充当形式主语和宾 语的等交错运用，要把长句翻译得准确、流畅、实质上 需要充分运用各种翻译技巧，并结合上下文语境，或顺 译，或倒译，或拆分，或结构转换，或增减词汇，对全 句进行综合处理，以便通顺、忠实地传递原文意思
Part Four: Writing and Translation >> Translation 英语的长句的语法结构、逻辑关系与语义往往比较 复杂，且各种词类、非谓语动词以及充当形式主语和宾 语的it等交错运用，要把长句翻译得准确、流畅、实质上 需要充分运用各种翻译技巧，并结合上下文语境，或顺 译，或倒译，或拆分，或结构转换，或增减词汇，对全 句进行综合处理，以便通顺、忠实地传递原文意思。 总 结