Unit 16 News and CurrentAffairs新闻时事 单元重点： 1.learn vocabulary related to newspapers and magazines; 学习与报纸杂志相关的词汇； 2.review attributive clauses;复习定语从句； 3.practice writing skills;练习写作技巧； 4.use multi--wordsverbs;学习短语动词的用法； 5.study emphasis in speech.学习表示强调。 限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句 限定性定语从句对先行词进行必要的界定，不可缺少，否则会影 响理解全句的意思。从句前不用逗号与主句分开。例如： .the picture of a glamorous迷人的图片，haf-naked woman that appears every day on page3.The man who spoke last was Dr. Jackson. 非限定性定语从句提供关于先行词的补充信息，如果缺少了，不 会影响全句的主要意思。从句前一般有逗号隔开。例如： This does not include the Sunday,local and evening newspapers, which most people read in addition to their daily newspaper. Water,which is a clear liquid,has many uses. 一、详细的定语从句讲解 定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语 修饰主句的某个成分，定语从句分为限定性和非限定性从句两种。状
Unit 16 News and Current Affairs 新闻时事 单元重点： 1. learn vocabulary related to newspapers and magazines; 学习与报纸杂志相关的词汇； 2. review attributive clauses;复习定语从句； 3. practice writing skills;练习写作技巧； 4. use multi-words verbs;学习短语动词的用法； 5. study emphasis in speech.学习表示强调。 限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句 限定性定语从句对先行词进行必要的界定，不可缺少，否则会影 响理解全句的意思。从句前不用逗号与主句分开。例如： …the picture of a glamorous 迷人的图片, half-naked woman that appears every day on page3. The man who spoke last was Dr. Jackson. 非限定性定语从句提供关于先行词的补充信息，如果缺少了，不 会影响全句的主要意思。从句前一般有逗号隔开。例如： This does not include the Sunday, local and evening newspapers, which most people read in addition to their daily newspaper. Water, which is a clear liquid, has many uses. 一、详细的定语从句讲解 定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语 修饰主句的某个成分，定语从句分为限定性和非限定性从句两种。状
语从句分为时间状语从句，结果状语从句，让步状语从句，原因状语 从句，条件状语从句以及行为方式状语从句。名词从句包括主语从句， 宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句及there be句型。 一、限定性定语从句 1.that即可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它们在从句 中作主语或宾语，that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，which在 从句中作宾语则不能省略。而且，如果which在从句中作“不及物动 词十介词”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词总是放在关 系代词which的前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置 2.which作宾语时，根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系，先 行词与which之间的介词不能丢 3.代表物时多用which,:但在带有下列词的句子中用hat而不用 which,这些词包括al山，anything,much等，这时的that常被省略 4.who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句中的主语和 宾语，whom作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的 宾语 5.where是关系副词，用来表示地点的定语从句 6.when引导定语从句表示时间
语从句分为时间状语从句，结果状语从句，让步状语从句，原因状语 从句，条件状语从句以及行为方式状语从句。名词从句包括主语从句， 宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句及 there be 句型。 一、 限定性定语从句 1. that 即可代表事物也可代表人，which 代表事物；它们在从句 中作主语或宾语，that 在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，which 在 从句中作宾语则不能省略。而且，如果 which 在从句中作“不及物动 词＋介词”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词总是放在关 系代词 which 的前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置 2. which 作宾语时，根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系，先 行词与 which 之间的介词不能丢 3. 代表物时多用 which，但在带有下列词的句子中用 that 而不用 which，这些词包括 all, anything, much 等，这时的 that 常被省略 4. who 和 whom 引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句中的主语和 宾语，whom 作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的 宾语 5. where 是关系副词，用来表示地点的定语从句 6. when 引导定语从句表示时间
〔注)值得一提的是，表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when 引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用hat引导 By the time you arrive in London,we will have stayed there for two weeks. I still remember the first time I met her. Each time he goes to besiness trip,he brings a lot of living necessities,such as towers,soap,toothbrush etc. 7.whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前 置所有格 8.当从句的逻辑主语是some,any,no,somebody,anybody, nobody,something,anything,everything或nothing时，常用there is 来引导 二、非限定性定语从句：非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的 成分作进一步说明，通常和主句间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部 分仍可成立 1.which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或 主句的某一部分
〔注〕值得一提的是，表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用 when 引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用 that 引导 By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks. I still remember the first time I met her. Each time he goes to besiness trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc. 7. whose 是关系代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前 置所有格 8. 当从句的逻辑主语是 some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything 或 nothing 时，常用 there is 来引导 二、非限定性定语从句：非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的 成分作进一步说明，通常和主句间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部 分仍可成立 1. which 引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或 主句的某一部分
2.在引导限定性定语从句时，that有时相当于in which,at which, for which或at which Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which)attitudes towards night dreaming have changed. 人们对白日做梦的态度正在改变，这与人们对夜间做梦的看法的变化 有非常相似之处。 I like the music for the very reason that(for which)he dislike it. 我出于某种原因喜欢这种音乐，而他恰恰与我相反。 We arrived the day that(on which)they left.刚好我们到的那天 他们走了。 3.有时as也可用作关系代词 4.在非限定性定语从句中，不能用hat,而用who,whom代表 人，用which代表事物 因果关系 在书面语中，经常使用下列短语或句型来表示因果关系，展开论 述. 原因 结果 Because so
2. 在引导限定性定语从句时，that有时相当于 in which, at which, for which 或 at which Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which) attitudes towards night dreaming have changed. 人们对白日做梦的态度正在改变，这与人们对夜间做梦的看法的变化 有非常相似之处。 I like the music for the very reason that(for which) he dislike it. 我出于某种原因喜欢这种音乐，而他恰恰与我相反。 We arrived the day that(on which) they left. 刚好我们到的那天 他们走了。 3. 有时 as 也可用作关系代词 4. 在非限定性定语从句中，不能用 that，而用 who, whom 代表 人，用 which 代表事物 因果关系 在书面语中，经常使用下列短语或句型来表示因果关系，展开论 述. 原因 结果 Because so
X is a result of Y as a result X is caused by Y consequently,therefore 加强语气 英语中可以通过不同的方式加强语气。 1.用副词修饰表示情感或观点的形容词。例如： Incredibly sad,extremely unfair,unbelievably moving 2.用really或very修饰形容词或副词。例如： He moved really slowly.They did that very quickly. 3.用very+形容词副词+indeed的形式。Indeed只能用在程度副词 very修饰的形容词、副词后。例如： It was very sad indeed.He runs very fast indeed. 4.在一般现在时和一般过去时肯定句中的谓语动词前加do或did来 表示强调。这时，谓语动词要用动词原形。例如： I do think she was a victim牺牲者ofthe press新闻报道. He did go to the park yesterday afternoon. 5.用actually来强调接下来要说的内容与前面所说内容之间存在不 一致的方面。例如： Wendy:The press followed her every day. Malcolm:Actually,she used the press herself to get at the royal family. Unit 17 Understanding the News解读新闻 单元重点：
X is a result of Y as a result X is caused by Y consequently, therefore 加强语气 英语中可以通过不同的方式加强语气。 1. 用副词修饰表示情感或观点的形容词。例如： Incredibly sad, extremely unfair, unbelievably moving 2. 用 really 或 very 修饰形容词或副词。例如： He moved really slowly. They did that very quickly. 3. 用 very+形容词/副词+indeed 的形式。Indeed 只能用在程度副词 very 修饰的形容词、副词后。例如： It was very sad indeed. He runs very fast indeed. 4. 在一般现在时和一般过去时肯定句中的谓语动词前加 do 或 did 来 表示强调。这时，谓语动词要用动词原形。例如： I do think she was a victim 牺牲者 of the press 新闻报道. He did go to the park yesterday afternoon. 5. 用 actually 来强调接下来要说的内容与前面所说内容之间存在不 一致的方面。例如： Wendy: The press followed her every day. Malcolm: Actually, she used the press herself to get at the royal family. Unit 17 Understanding the News 解读新闻 单元重点：
1.study the language of newspaper headlines; 学习新闻标题的语言特点； 2.extend your business vocabulary;扩大商务英语词汇量； 3.review reported speech;复习间接引语； 4.study the form news items take.学习新闻报道结构。 新闻标题语言 英语报刊的新闻标题有其自己的语法特点。 1.名词的用法 名词可以用作定语来修饰其他名词；名词短语中常常省略冠词和 介词，最后的名词是最关键的，其前的其他名词用来修饰说明这 个关键的名词。例如： University Student Boost布斯特Speech-A speech about the increase in university students Computer Jobs Boom-An increase in the number of jobs in the computer industry 2.首字母和缩写词的用法 新闻标题中常常使用首字母和缩写词。例如： N Ireland(Northern Ireland) PM(Prime Minister)总理，首相 3.动词的用法 一般现在时用来代替现在完成时。例如： More Refugees Move South更多的难民南下(More refugees have
1. study the language of newspaper headlines; 学习新闻标题的语言特点； 2. extend your business vocabulary;扩大商务英语词汇量； 3. review reported speech;复习间接引语； 4. study the form news items take.学习新闻报道结构。 新闻标题语言 英语报刊的新闻标题有其自己的语法特点。 1. 名词的用法 名词可以用作定语来修饰其他名词；名词短语中常常省略冠词和 介词，最后的名词是最关键的，其前的其他名词用来修饰说明这 个关键的名词。例如： University Student Boost 布斯特 Speech-A speech about the increase in university students Computer Jobs Boom 繁荣-An increase in the number of jobs in the computer industry 2. 首字母和缩写词的用法 新闻标题中常常使用首字母和缩写词。例如： N Ireland(Northern Ireland) PM(Prime Minister) 总理，首相 3. 动词的用法 一般现在时用来代替现在完成时。例如： More Refugees Move South 更多的难民南下（More refugees have
moved south) 过去分词短语用来代替被动语态的句子。例如： Poor Hit by State Benefits Row(The poor are hit/have been hit by benefits row) 不定式的主动语态和被动语态用来表示最近即将发生的事情：例 如： PM To Make University Student Boost Speech(The prime Minister is going to make...) 间接引语 1.直接引语变为间接引语时，如果引述动词用现在时态或将来时 态，间接引语的时态可不变。但是，如果引述动词是过去时态， 间接引语的时态要做相应的变化。例如： He has said to me,“I'm tired.” He has said to me that he is tired. He said,“Our reporter is at the scene.” He said that their reporter was at the scene.(一般现在时变为一 般过去时) He said,"when suddenly an argument broke out..." He said that when suddenly an argument had broken out... 一般过去时变为过去完成时。) 2.一般疑问句变为间接引语时，关联词要用f;特殊疑问句变为间 接引语时，关联词应为疑问代词或疑问副词，而且从句应改为陈述句
moved south） 过去分词短语用来代替被动语态的句子。例如： Poor Hit by State Benefits Row(The poor are hit/have been hit by benefits row) 不定式的主动语态和被动语态用来表示最近即将发生的事情：例 如： PM To Make University Student Boost Speech(The prime Minister is going to make…) 间接引语 1. 直接引语变为间接引语时，如果引述动词用现在时态或将来时 态，间接引语的时态可不变。但是，如果引述动词是过去时态， 间接引语的时态要做相应的变化。例如： He has said to me,“I’m tired.” He has said to me that he is tired. He said, “Our reporter is at the scene.” He said that their reporter was at the scene.(一般现在时变为一 般过去时) He said,“when suddenly an argument broke out…” He said that when suddenly an argument had broken out… (一般过去时变为过去完成时。) 2．一般疑问句变为间接引语时，关联词要用 if；特殊疑问句变为间 接引语时，关联词应为疑问代词或疑问副词，而且从句应改为陈述句
形式。例如： “Is he your brother?”sheasked. She asked if he was your brother. He asked,.“What did you see?” He asked her what she had seen. 新闻报道的基本结构 一般来说，每则新闻都包括下列主要部分： 1.A summary of the news.新闻综述 2.An ex pansion of the summary.综述扩展 3.A comment on or an analysis of the news.新闻评论或分析 4.A reference to the future,未来的影响 Unit 18 Review and Assessment复习与自测 Activity 2 (Page 290) 1.More investment C in the area soon. A.will needed B.will be need C.will be needed 2.It A very cold if you needed to wear two coats. A.must have been B.must has been C.must have be 3.C to find a new job,he searched the newspapers and the Internet. A.Need B.To need C.Needing 4.This is a great idea.I A agree with the proposal. A.strongly B.hardly C.greatly
形式。例如： “Is he your brother?”she asked. She asked if he was your brother. He asked,“What did you see?” He asked her what she had seen. 新闻报道的基本结构 一般来说，每则新闻都包括下列主要部分： 1.A summary of the news.新闻综述 2.An expansion of the summary.综述扩展 3.A comment on or an analysis of the news.新闻评论或分析 4.A reference to the future.未来的影响 Unit 18 Review and Assessment 复习与自测 Activity 2 (Page 290) 1.More investment C in the area soon. A. will needed B. will be need C. will be needed 2.It A very cold if you needed to wear two coats. A. must have been B. must has been C. must have be 3. C to find a new job, he searched the newspapers and the Internet. A. Need B. To need C. Needing 4.This is a great idea. I A agree with the proposal. A. strongly B. hardly C. greatly
5.To enable the company B with more orders,more staff 人员are needed. A.cope B.to cope C.coping 6.After the accident,they shut the chemical factory_B. A.up B.down C.off 7.It B that the government will lose the election. A.forecasted B.is forecast C.to forecast 8.It's terrible.They have built the new prison right A our doorstep家门口. A.on B.by C.over 9.I wish I B harder when I was younger. A.studied B.had studied C.have studied 10.They C them so cheaply at the moment.They could charge 讨价more now. A.shouldn't to sell B.shouldn'tsell C.shouldn't be selling 11.My parents contributed A my college fees. A.to B.at C.- 12.I'm angry C her for missing our appointment. A.about B.over C.with 13.We took the views of customers B account when designing the city centre..当建设市中心的时候我们考虑到了消费者的观点。 A.in B.into C.to
5.To enable the company B with more orders, more staff 管理 人员 are needed. A. cope B. to cope C. coping 6.After the accident, they shut the chemical factory B . A. up B. down C. off 7.It B that the government will lose the election. A. forecasted B. is forecast C. to forecast 8.It’s terrible. They have built the new prison right A our doorstep 家门口. A. on B. by C. over 9.I wish I B harder when I was younger. A. studied B. had studied C. have studied 10.They C them so cheaply at the moment. They could charge 讨价 more now. A. shouldn’t to sell B. shouldn’t sell C. shouldn’t be selling 11.My parents contributed 缴纳 A my college fees. A. to B. at C. – 12.I’m angry C her for missing our appointment. A. about B. over C. with 13.We took the views of customers B account when designing the city centre.当建设市中心的时候我们考虑到了消费者的观点。 A. in B. into C. to
14.Many people had ideas,butA few understood the problem. A.- B.a C.only l5.He's very boring.He always goes A_his problems..唠叨谈 A.on about B.on with C.on over Activity 4 (Page 292) a)stop b)have stopped c)be sopped d)have been stopped c)to have been stopped 1.The new government will a_the road being built. 2.The cheque needed c before the bank closed. 3.They must e at customs as the plane arrived an hour ago. 4.They shouldd the company from building there. 5.The machine can b easily by pressing the red button
14.Many people had ideas, but A few understood the problem. A. - B. a C. only 15.He’s very boring. He always goes A his problems.唠叨谈 A. on about B. on with C. on over Activity 4 (Page 292) a) stop b) have stopped c) be sopped d) have been stopped c) to have been stopped 1.The new government will a the road being built. 2.The cheque needed c before the bank closed. 3.They must e at customs as the plane arrived an hour ago. 4.They should d the company from building there. 5.The machine can b easily by pressing the red button