Conditionals Real and unreal
Conditionals Real and Unreal
Condition and result Conditional sentences have two parts-a condition and a result. Unreal conditionals are similar to real conditionals,but with unreal conditionals,the condition is not true and not real.Or it is very unlikely to happen or be true. If this shirt were on sale,I would buy it.(type 2) (Really,the shirt is not on sale and I will not buy it.) If I were an animal,I would be a lion.(type 2) (Really,I am not an animal.) If I won the lottery,I would buy a house and a car.(type 3) (The probability of winning the lottery is so low that we use the unreal conditional.) If I met the President,I would want to tell him to lower taxes.(type 3) (The chances of me meeting the President are very low.) We can use unreal conditionals in the present,past,and future tense
Condition and result • Conditional sentences have two parts – a condition and a result. • Unreal conditionals are similar to real conditionals, but with unreal conditionals, the condition is not true and not real. Or it is very unlikely to happen or be true. • If this shirt were on sale, I would buy it. (type 2) (Really, the shirt is not on sale and I will not buy it.) • If I were an animal, I would be a lion. (type 2) (Really, I am not an animal.) • If I won the lottery, I would buy a house and a car. (type 3) (The probability of winning the lottery is so low that we use the unreal conditional.) • If I met the President, I would want to tell him to lower taxes. (type 3) (The chances of me meeting the President are very low.) • We can use unreal conditionals in the present, past, and future tense
5 Types of Conditional Sentences Conditional When to use Main clause If-clause sentence type Type Zero Describing known facts Simple Simple present present Type 1 A possible situation and Will+ Simple the result infinitive present Type 2 A hypothetical condition Would+ Simple past and its possible result infinitive Type 3 An impossible past Would+ Past perfect situation and its result in perfect the past infinitive Mixed An impossible past Past perfect Present Conditionals situation and its result in conditional the present
5 Types of Conditional Sentences
Type Zero Conditional Sentences This type of conditional sentence is used to describe scientific facts,generally known truths,events and other things that are always true. The structure of Type Zero conditional sentences: Main part:Present Simple;if part:Present Simple: ·Examples: Water boils if you heat it to 100 degrees Celsius. A red light comes on if you press the main button. In Type Zero sentences,ifcan be replaced by when. ·Examples: When you heat ice,it melts. It gets dark when the sun goes down
Type Zero Conditional Sentences • This type of conditional sentence is used to describe scientific facts, generally known truths, events and other things that are always true. • The structure of Type Zero conditional sentences: • Main part: Present Simple; if part: Present Simple； • Examples: • Water boils if you heat it to 100 degrees Celsius. • A red light comes on if you press the main button. • In Type Zero sentences, if can be replaced by when. • Examples: • When you heat ice, it melts. • It gets dark when the sun goes down
Type One Conditional Sentences (open condition) This type of sentence expresses real and possible situations in the future; it is possible for the condition to be met. The structure of Type One conditional sentences: Main part:will infinitive;if part:Present Simple ·Examples: We will stay at home if it snows. She will get angry if I'm late for the party. If we get the money for this job,we will buy a new car. Will you help Amanda if she asks you?
Type One Conditional Sentences (open condition) • This type of sentence expresses real and possible situations in the future; it is possible for the condition to be met. • The structure of Type One conditional sentences: • Main part: will + infinitive; if part: Present Simple • Examples: • We will stay at home if it snows. • She will get angry if I‘m late for the party. • If we get the money for this job, we will buy a new car. • Will you help Amanda if she asks you?
Type Two Conditional Sentences (half-open condition) This type of conditional sentence describes an unreal situation with regard to the present or future;a hypothetical condition that can only be fulfilled in theory. The structure of Type Two conditional sentences: Main part:would infinitive;if part:Past Simple In conditional sentences,the past tense form of the verb to be is were for all persons;was is also used,although only in spoken or conversational English. ·Examples: We would stay at home if it snowed. I would buy a new board if I had more money. If he were rich,he'd buy an island. If you left now,you'd catch the last bus
Type Two Conditional Sentences (half-open condition) • This type of conditional sentence describes an unreal situation with regard to the present or future; a hypothetical condition that can only be fulfilled in theory. • The structure of Type Two conditional sentences: • Main part: would + infinitive; if part: Past Simple • In conditional sentences, the past tense form of the verb to be is were for all persons; was is also used, although only in spoken or conversational English. • Examples: • We would stay at home if it snowed. • I would buy a new board if I had more money. • If he were rich, he‘d buy an island. • If you left now, you‘d catch the last bus
Type two conditional sentences are also used when making polite requests. ·Examples: I would be grateful if you helped me. He would be so pleased if you came to the birthday party. The phrases If I were you or If I were in your place are usually used to give advice. ·Examples: If I were you I would accept the offer. If he were in your place he would do it
• Type two conditional sentences are also used when making polite requests. • Examples: • I would be grateful if you helped me. • He would be so pleased if you came to the birthday party. • The phrases If I were you or If I were in your place are usually used to give advice. • Examples: • If I were you I would accept the offer. • If he were in your place he would do it
Type Three Conditional Sentences (closed condition) Type three conditional sentences are used to express situations that cannot exist, such as actions or events that happened in the past.They are often used to indicate a missed opportunity. The structure of Type Three conditional sentences: Main part:would perfect infinite;if part:Past Perfect ·Examples: If you hadn't been late for work,the boss wouldn't have gotten furious. They would have finished earlier if the meeting hadn't been held so late. If I had won the lottery,I would have bought a house by the sea. Would you have helped me if I had asked you?
Type Three Conditional Sentences (closed condition) • Type three conditional sentences are used to express situations that cannot exist, such as actions or events that happened in the past. They are often used to indicate a missed opportunity. • The structure of Type Three conditional sentences: • Main part: would + perfect infinite; if part: Past Perfect • Examples: • If you hadn’t been late for work, the boss wouldn’t have gotten furious. • They would have finished earlier if the meeting hadn’t been held so late. • If I had won the lottery, I would have bought a house by the sea. • Would you have helped me if I had asked you?
Past Unreal Conditional With Wish The past unreal conditional is often used specifically to communicate an imagined, desirable result.More often than not,the scenario expressed in a past unreal conditional statement is preferable to reality."Wish"(in the present tense)can be added to a sentence in the third conditional to express a more ideal result and past perfect verbs,again either positive or negative,accompany the subject of these sentences. The past unreal conditional sentence structure with"wish"is: Subject +"wishfes]"+subject +past perfect verb +object[s]. ·Examples:. I wish I'd had more time to study when I was younger. She wishes she had been promoted to CEO. They wish that they hadhad the foresight to order their food sooner
Past Unreal Conditional With Wish • The past unreal conditional is often used specifically to communicate an imagined, desirable result. More often than not, the scenario expressed in a past unreal conditional statement is preferable to reality. "Wish" (in the present tense) can be added to a sentence in the third conditional to express a more ideal result and past perfect verbs, again either positive or negative, accompany the subject of these sentences. • The past unreal conditional sentence structure with "wish" is: • Subject + "wish[es]" + subject + past perfect verb + object[s]. • Examples: • I wish I'd had more time to study when I was younger. • She wishes she had been promoted to CEO. • They wish that they had had the foresight to order their food sooner
Mixed Conditionals This type of conditional sentence uses(mixes)different parts of the above-mentioned conditional sentence types. Sometimes unreal conditional sentences are mixed.This means that the time in the if-clause is not the same as the time in the result. ·Examples: If you had taught me how to make waffles(in the past),I wouldn't have to buy them in a shop (now). I would buy a house by the sea(now or in the future)if I had won the lottery last week. Their team would have scored more in the match yesterday if they were good players
Mixed Conditionals • This type of conditional sentence uses (mixes) different parts of the above-mentioned conditional sentence types. • Sometimes unreal conditional sentences are mixed. This means that the time in the if-clause is not the same as the time in the result. • Examples: • If you had taught me how to make waffles (in the past), I wouldn’t have to buy them in a shop (now). • I would buy a house by the sea (now or in the future) if I had won the lottery last week. • Their team would have scored more in the match yesterday if they were good players