英语Ⅱ(1)教学大纲 2011年 、课程的地位、性质及任务 本课程为广播电视大学公共英语课，供各类专业木科根据该专业的培养要求选择开设。通 过英语课程的学习 ,学生应能掌指 一定的英语语言基础知识和基本技能，具有 定的 写、说的能力，从而能借助词典阅读和翻译一般性业务资料，在涉外交际的日常活动和业务活 动中能进般性行一般性的书面交流和简单的口头交流，并为今后进一步提高英语的应用能力打 下基础 鉴于广播电视大学实行开放办学，学生入学时的英语水平差异较大，公共英语课程设置不 同层同层次的三个教学模块，使各专业可以根据该专业培养要求和学生的具体条件为专科和本 科选择开择开设适当的英语课程。英语！为公共英语课程的预备阶段，专科应达到英语山的 行交行交际的能力。 英语Ⅱ的基本要求为： 通过本阶段学习的学生应能案提2,800左右的常用词汇包括英语1要求紫摆的1600词 ,以及相关的常用词组：能够掌握并正确运用基本的语法知识：能够听懂日常生活中发音清楚 语速语速较慢的简短对话或陈述，并能用英语进行简短的日常交谈：能够阅读中等难度的一 般趣材的简的短英文文字材料，理解正确，并能够读恒通用的简短实用文字材料，如通知、介 绍和广告等：能够写简短的应用文，如日记、信函、通知等。 内容及要求 英语Ⅱ总学时为108学时，6个学分，分2个学期开设，每学期54学时，3个学分 本课程的教学内容在选材上应注重语言材料的真实性，贴近生活，富有时代气息，能够 学以致用：内容集知识性、趣味性与思想性为一体。（详见附录） 三、教学媒体 英语课程的教学媒体设计既要按照英语教学的自身规律，又要考虑不同教学媒体的特点，努 力使两者做到有机的结合。 文字教科 文字教材是本课程教学内容的主要载体。文学教材的编写便于学生自主学习，注意学习能 力和学习策略的培养，充分考虑成人业余学习的特点。使用教材为中央电大出版社出版的开放 英语3。 活动。 录像/电视课是本课程的重要教学媒体，在较为系统地讲授并操练语言基础知识和技能的 同时，要注意发挥电视声像结合的优势 为学生展现语言在 真实环境中的使用并提供 化得绿家图电为学生接雅真欢、地童的西言瑰保系，养柜藏发字生等 英语的兴趣。 3.网上学习资源 江苏电大在线中(wwjstvu..edu.cn 教学辅导、实施方案、自学自测等栏目以及中央电 大在线(www.open..edu.cn)中有与本课程有关的学习资源
英语Ⅱ（1）教学大纲 2011 年 一、 课程的地位、性质及任务 本课程为广播电视大学公共英语课，供各类专业本科根据该专业的培养要求选择开设。通 过英语课程的学习，学生应能掌握一定的英语语言基础知识和基本技能，具有一定的读、听、 写、说的能力，从而能借助词典阅读和翻译一般性业务资料，在涉外交际的日常活动和业务活 动中能进般性行一般性的书面交流和简单的口头交流，并为今后进一步提高英语的应用能力打 下基础。 鉴于广播电视大学实行开放办学，学生入学时的英语水平差异较大，公共英语课程设置不 同层同层次的三个教学模块，使各专业可以根据该专业培养要求和学生的具体条件为专科和本 科选择开择开设适当的英语课程。英语 I 为公共英语课程的预备阶段，专科应达到英语 II 的 要求，本科应达应达到英语 III 的要求。 英语课程在加强英语语言基础知识和基本技能训练的同时，重视培养学生实际使用英语进 行交行交际的能力。 英语 II 的基本要求为： 通过本阶段学习的学生应能掌握 2,800 左右的常用词汇（包括英语 I 要求掌握的 1,600 词 ）以及相关的常用词组；能够掌握并正确运用基本的语法知识；能够听懂日常生活中发音清楚 、语速语速较慢的简短对话或陈述，并能用英语进行简短的日常交谈；能够阅读中等难度的一 般题材的简的短英文文字材料，理解正确，并能够读懂通用的简短实用文字材料，如通知、介 绍和广告等；能够写简短的应用文，如日记、信函、通知等。 二、 主要教学内容及要求 英语 II 总学时为 108 学时，6 个学分，分 2 个学期开设，每学期 54 学时，3 个学分。 本课程的教学内容在选材上应注重语言材料的真实性，贴近生活，富有时代气息，能够 学以致用；内容集知识性、趣味性与思想性为一体。（详见附录） 三、 教学媒体 英语课程的教学媒体设计既要按照英语教学的自身规律，又要考虑不同教学媒体的特点，努 力使两者做到有机的结合。 1、 文字教材 文字教材是本课程教学内容的主要载体。文字教材的编写便于学生自主学习，注意学习能 力和学习策略的培养，充分考虑成人业余学习的特点。使用教材为中央电大出版社出版的开放 英语 3。 音像教材：文字教材配有录音磁带。录音带的主要作用是训练和提高学生的听说能力，其内容 设计结合文字教材，为学生提供有声的语言，同时着意设计能够帮助实现听说教学要求的练习 活动。 录像/电视课是本课程的重要教学媒体，在较为系统地讲授并操练语言基础知识和技能的 同时，要注意发挥电视声像结合的优势，为学生展现语言在真实环境中的使用并提供一定的文 化背景知识。录像/电视课应为学生接触真实、地道的英语语言提供条件，并能激发学生学习 英语的兴趣。 3．网上学习资源 江苏电大在线中（www.jstvu.edu.cn）教学辅导、实施方案、自学自测等栏目以及中央电 大在线（www.open.edu.cn）中有与本课程有关的学习资源
四、黄学环节 1,成人高等教有培养的是应用型专门人才，英语课程黄学不仅应在重打好语言基陆，更 要注意培界实际应用语言的使力。在传授语言、文化知识的同时，注意思想、文化素质的编 养。 2、重视语言学习的规律，正确处理读，听、写、说之间的关系，确保各项语言能力协调 发展。尤其要注意在开始阶段如淫听说能力的培养，克霰成人奢于开口的心理障得。可以利用 录音带等里体手段设计一些跟读、阴读或自录音的话动，鼓局学生开口说英语。 3、英语课程应有助于学生开国视野，扩大知识面，如强对世界的了解。进一步提高文化 素养。在教学中要注意文化和语言之闻的密切的联系，因为文化背景如讯的学习有助于促进语 言应用能力的提高。 4,英语课程教学大蜗中的分阶段实施教学的设计使分类教学成为可能。各专业可根据专 业痛养要求和学生的实际水平选择开设不同层次的课程。对于英语水平距高专业基本要求相差 较远的学生，应在学习必修的英语限程之前利用较低层次的课程进行补课， 5、电大餐育的特点是“成人，业余，实用”·在教学中区该充分发挥成人理解力、逻辑 思推能力强，有一定的本族语基础和文化背景知识的优势，同时注意克服成人学习外语的不利 因素，如模仿力较差、母语的干扰，怕开口等。成人学生大多是从业人员，工学矛函出，自 学时间难以保证。但是他们的学习动机明确。积极性高。因此，在偏写教材和教学辅导中应充 分考虑列这些特点，如在选师管学内容时应本看“实用为生，够用为度”的眼则，在教学中应 佛究方法，注意复习巩固。充分调动成人学习的有利因素，帮勇学生这择适合自己的学习方法 。养成良好的学习习惯。是高白学的能力。 测试是检查数学大钢执行情况，评仙教学质量的一种有效手段，是获取教学反馈信息的主爱来海 之一，是改进教学工作的重要依据。本课程在考核学生的英语语言基础知识的同时，应着重考核 学生实际运用语言的能力， 本课程的测试由形成性考板和课程降结考试两留分组成，形成性考核占总成绩的%，课 程终结考试占70%，形成性考核主要依据平时作业的完成情况和面授辅导深的参与情况而定。 限程择结考试包括大拥规定掌握的基本语言知识和技能，按服各学期的“英语课程考核说明” 白题。 五、数学内容和散学要求 1、功能意念表 1.友好往来 (l)问候Helk/Hi Good momingfafternoon/evening.ctc. (2)告辞1 m afmid1 must be即ng now. I think if's time for us to leave now. I've really got to go now. Its time I went home. 《3)告别 Good-bye/Bye/Bye-bye Good night. Sce youtomomow. (4)介邻A.This is Tom (and this is Amy I'd like you tomeet Mary. May I introduce (you to)Mr/Mrs/Miss/Ms.Smith? B.How do youdo? Glad to meetyou
四、教学环节 1、 成人高等教育培养的是应用型专门人才，英语课程教学不仅应注重打好语言基础，更 要注意培养实际应用语言的能力， 在传授语言、文化知识的同时，注意思想、文化素质的培 养。 2、 重视语言学习的规律，正确处理读、听、写、说之间的关系，确保各项语言能力协调 发展。尤其要注意在开始阶段加强听说能力的培养，克服成人羞于开口的心理障碍。可以利用 录音带等媒体手段设计一些跟读、朗读或自录音的活动，鼓励学生开口说英语。 3、 英语课程应有助于学生开阔视野，扩大知识面，加强对世界的了解，进一步提高文化 素养。在教学中要注意文化和语言之间的密切的联系，因为文化背景知识的学习有助于促进语 言应用能力的提高。 4、 英语课程教学大纲中的分阶段实施教学的设计使分类教学成为可能，各专业可根据专 业培养要求和学生的实际水平选择开设不同层次的课程。对于英语水平距离专业基本要求相差 较远的学生，应在学习必修的英语课程之前利用较低层次的课程进行补课。 5、 电大教育的特点是“成人、业余、实用”。在教学中应该充分发挥成人理解力、逻辑 思维能力强，有一定的本族语基础和文化背景知识的优势，同时注意克服成人学习外语的不利 因素，如模仿力较差、母语的干扰、怕开口等。成人学生大多是从业人员，工学矛盾突出，自 学时间难以保证，但是他们的学习动机明确，积极性高。因此，在编写教材和教学辅导中应充 分考虑到这些特点，如在选择教学内容时应本着“实用为主，够用为度”的原则，在教学中应 讲究方法，注意复习巩固，充分调动成人学习的有利因素，帮助学生选择适合自己的学习方法 ，养成良好的学习习惯，提高自学的能力。 测试是检查教学大纲执行情况、评估教学质量的一种有效手段，是获取教学反馈信息的主要来源 之一，是改进教学工作的重要依据。本课程在考核学生的英语语言基础知识的同时，应着重考核 学生实际运用语言的能力。 本课程的测试由形成性考核和课程终结考试两部分组成，形成性考核占总成绩的 30%，课 程终结考试占 70%。形成性考核主要依据平时作业的完成情况和面授辅导课的参与情况而定。 课程终结考试包括大纲规定掌握的基本语言知识和技能，按照各学期的“英语课程考核说明” 命题。 五、教学内容和教学要求 1、功能意念表 1． 友好往来 （1）问候 Hello/Hi. Good morning/afternoon/evening, etc. （2）告辞 I'm afraid I must be going now. I think it's time for us to leave now. I've really got to go now. It's time I went home. （3）告别 Good-bye/Bye/Bye-bye. Good night. See you tomorrow. （4）介绍 A. This is Tom (and this is Amy). I'd like you to meet Mary. May I introduce (you to) Mr./Mrs./ Miss/Ms. Smith? ② B. How do you do? Glad to meet you
Nie mecting you.Fred. (5)移游和应答A Thank you(very much) (Many thanks I'm really gratefu*toyou for your help.C B.Not atal You'te wekome Don't mention it Thatsabri动ht (6)祝愿和祝贺A Good luck划 Best wishes for your holiday. Havea good time. Pkase give my best wishes to Linda. Plase remember me to your family. B.Congratulations(on your success). )通款和应蓉 A Sorry. Excuse me B.Never mind. Itdoesn't matter. That'snothing (8》随请和应答A Come in and havea cupof tea Whatabout having a drnk? Would you like some ice cream? B.Thank you(very much) Yes.I'd lve to. That'svery kind of you,(butI'm on a diet) (9)提议、接受和谢施A.CanI help you Is there anything I ean do for you? Shal-I camy the box for you? B.Yes,please. No,thank you(just the samel Thar作very kind of you,but I can manage myself.网 (1o)开始和结束谈话线Nice day,snma? Whata lovely day today! 2.交流补数 (I)请求重复和解释Uh.excuse me,coul you repeati? Could you say that again? (2)定义③Ln四倒ics may bedefned as实knce of langua保。 (3)确认理解③G划了 Do you see what I mean? (4)犹撞Let me sce. How canI putt? (5)更正③hatl mear时wasthat we should9 on wth the wo对k 《6)补免③1 naddtion,I think we should take the cost mnto account. 《7)插话Excuse me Did you say thatthe party hadto be put of
Nice meeting you, Fred. ③ （5）感谢和应答 A. Thank you (very much). (Many ) thanks. I'm really gratefu•to you for your help. ③ B. Not at all. You're welcome. Don't mention it. That's al•right. （6）祝愿和祝贺 A. Good luck! Best wishes for your holiday. Have a good time. Please give my best wishes to Linda. Please remember me to your family. ③ B. Congratulations (on your success). ② (7) 道歉和应答 A. Sorry. Excuse me. B. Never mind. It doesn't matter. That's nothing. （8）邀请和应答 A. Come in and have a cup of tea. What about having a drink? Would you like some ice cream? B. Thank you (very much). Yes, I'd love to. That's very kind of you, (but I'm on a diet). ③ （9）提议、接受和谢绝 A. Can I help you? Is there anything I can do for you? Shal•I carry the box for you? B. Yes, please. No, thank you (just the same). That's very kind of you, but I can manage it myself.③ （10）开始和结束谈话③ Nice day, isn't it? What a lovely day today! 2. 交流补救 （1）请求重复和解释 Uh, excuse me, could you repeat it? Could you say that again? （2）定义③ Linguistics may be defined as the science of language. （3）确认理解③ Got it? Do you see what I mean? （4）犹豫③ Let me see. How can I put it? （5）更正③ What I meant was that we should go on with the work. （6）补充③ In addition, I think we should take the cost into account. （7）插话③ Excuse me. Did you say that the party had to be put off?
3.老度 (I)意愿I'm willngtcady to take the job 1 wikbery a new p储r0 glasses 《2》希望1 wish to see y0ua国 I hopeyou wil-get better soon. I wish I were younger. 《3》意向Impl情anang to move somewhere down4own I feetake taking a hot bath mow (4)责任Do Ihaveto fini袖立od山y Should I bok afterthe baby this evening? Is it necessary for me to ckan the room?C I'm afraid you must/wil-have to stay home.3) (5)使力I can manage the job without help I'm capableofrunning a mik in fourminutes. 《6》允许A.I wonderif1 could possibl use yourbicyel7 B.Sure.go ahead. C,'d rather you didn't.③ (7)同意和不同盒A.That的apood point B.I'm afraid you're not quite right. 《8)喜欢和不喜欢A.I like Engish poemsvery much She loves dong shopping alone. B.Hedoesn't like weanng his hair long I don'teare much for hot food. (9)偏爱②1 prefer tea to coffee I'd rather po by train than by plane. (10)原该1的not3 our far域 Plase don't blme yourself. (Il)后悔2 I should have fnshed my essay earler (12)题同和月情m00网 kase accep到ny deep sympathy.② (13)光绳That'squte temp倒ing@ I'm cunous about that.C (14)决Cshe当determined to8 o to Australa.② I insist everybody be here at six sharp. Nothng wil-prevent me from accomplshing the task. (I5)叠怪和肚i评You are白tea四in. Why didn't you telme the truth? You shouldn't have done that.CT (l6)抱多I hatetohaveto say this,but的too noisy here.② (17)否定③1 doe't think you ase right (ls)让步③Even so/But的t+a fact. (l9)怀诞包1 doubt if we can finish it on time I suspect the truth of her statement (20)犹像司WelL,let me see
3．态度 （1）意愿 I'm willing/ready to take the job. I wil•buy a new pair of glasses. （2）希望 I wish to see you again. I hope you wil•get better soon. I wish I were younger. ③ （3）意向 I'm planning to move somewhere downtown. I fee•like taking a hot bath now. （4）责任 Do I have to finish it today? Should I look after the baby this evening? Is it necessary for me to clean the room? ③ I'm afraid you must/wil•have to stay home. ③ （5）能力 I can manage the job without help. I'm capable of running a mile in four minutes. ③ （6）允许 A. I wonder if I could possibly use your bicycle? B. Sure, go ahead. C. I'd rather you didn't. ③ （7）同意和不同意 A. That's a good point. B. I'm afraid you're not quite right. （8）喜欢和不喜欢 A. I like English poems very much. She loves doing shopping alone. B. He doesn't like wearing his hair long. I don't care much for hot food. ② （9）偏爱② I prefer tea to coffee. I'd rather go by train than by plane. （10）原谅 It's not your fault. Please don't blame yourself. ③ （11）后悔② I should have finished my essay earlier. （12）慰问和同情 I'm so sorry. Please accept my deep sympathy. ② （13）兴趣 That's quite tempting. ② I'm curious about that. ③ （14）决心 She's determined to go to Australia. ② I insist everybody be here at six sharp. ③ Nothing wil•prevent me from accomplishing the task. ③ （15）责怪和批评 You are late again. ② Why didn't you tel•me the truth? ② You shouldn't have done that. ③ （16）抱怨 I hate to have to say this, but it's too noisy here. ② （17）否定③ I don't think you are right. （18）让步③ Even so/But it's stil•a fact. （19）怀疑③ I doubt if we can finish it on time. I suspect the truth of her statement. （20）犹豫③ Well, let me see
(2I)g持⑦But you know that she's innocent (22)忍受3③Wel,we just have0ae6 ept that s0 tof thing (23)冷流③1 doa't care what youd3. It doesn't matterto me. 4.可能程度 《l)背定不育定mno时quite sure whether t wilrain today I doubt if he knows the truth. to be sure/certainof⑦ (2)可能和不可能Itis possible that he is out.. Itts unlikely that he should be at home (3)领酒1tw*be fme tomorow. 《4)菊测和相信【guess that hehas got立 He must have read t before. We albeheve that you are nght. 《S》看以、好象He seems to be ignorant ab0uit She appearsto be unwiling to go. It looks as if he knew a lot about it. 5.情感 《1)惊奇 What a surpetse! I can hardly believe my cars/eyes. (2)端意和高兴It is wel-doe I'm ple图sed to knowthat. How wonderfull (3)愤怒或恼多【sn't t annoying/imtating hata stupi时dol② (4)悲伤Oh,no!How could this happen to me7 I can't take much more ofthis (5)愿望1n动I were youngagn (6)悔根和失里Ot,what a pity /shamel That'stoo had (7)需求1 need your help. I want you to read this report (8)集虑1ms0 anxiousabout my job.@ She is ratherworred about his health. (9)知重感情色卷hata wonderfu'dayl② Thank youever so much② Itis far,fartoo expensive. (10)心和壮老@m0 worried about you. She is anxiousto know the result. (11)害怕③Don't be afraid I was frightened to death when a tal-man ran towardsme. (12)期里@1 m expecting a cal (IJ)赞贵③hata marveluspby! I like your haircut
（21）坚持③ But you know that she's innocent. （22）忍受③ Well, we just have to accept that sort of thing. （23）冷淡③ I don't care what you do. It doesn't matter to me. 4. 可能程度 （1） 肯定和不肯定 I'm not quite sure whether it wil•rain today. I doubt if he knows the truth. ② to be sure/certain of ③ （2） 可能和不可能 It is possible that he is out. It is unlikely that he should be at home. ② （3）预测 It wil•be fine tomorrow. （4）猜测和相信 I guess that he has got it. He must have read it before. We al•believe that you are right. （5）看似、好象③ He seems to be ignorant about it. She appears to be unwilling to go. It looks as if he knew a lot about it. 5. 情感 （1）惊奇 What a surprise! I can hardly believe my ears/eyes. （2）满意和高兴 It is wel•done. I'm pleased to know that. How wonderful! （3）愤怒或恼怒 Isn't it annoying/irritating! What a stupid idiot! ② （4）悲伤 Oh, no! How could this happen to me? I can't take much more of this. （5）愿望 I wish I were young again. （6）悔恨和失望 Oh, what a pity /shame! That's too bad. （7）需求 I need your help. I want you to read this report. （8）焦虑 I'm so anxious about my job. ③ She is rather worried about his health. （9）加重感情色彩 What a wonderfu•day! ② Thank you ever so much. ② It is far, far too expensive. ③ （10）担心和挂念③ I'm so worried about you. She is anxious to know the result. （11）害怕③ Don't be afraid. I was frightened to death when a tal•man ran towards me. （12）期望③ I'm expecting a call. （13）赞赏③ What a marvelous play! I like your haircut
6.告戒 (l)提根Makesure youl-be there on time Don't forpet about yourstudy. (2)请求 Wiyou do mea favour? Would you mind helping me with the desk? 《3)建i议You'd better takean umhrell 'd rather you did it again.② Why don't you have a try? Let's take a short becak Shalwwe start now? 《4)推荐1 ecommend thi he0ck (5)指导 The first thing you have to do is open the cover.and then don't forpet to press the button ON (6)警告 Be carefull Take care! Ifyou don't do it properly,II-make you do a again. (7)动说Don't you think it would be better to leave rig城nomg (8)金令 Be quet. Don't shout in the corndor (9)禁i止You can'tsmoke here You are not allowed to smoke here. (10)许诺31w"py3 ou back nexttime. I give you my word thatthe poods wiarnve on time. 7.时间 《1)时刻She gets up at7:00 every momng The schoowwilbegin in Septem ber (2)时段 The coecent lasted two hours His father wibstay in Paris for five years. 《3)顿度 He should take the mediine twie a day She usualy wrote home every other week. 《4)时序The eat man here and theee.farst on thts side,hen on that side (5)速度 The studentseanread Engish atthe speed of 200 words per minute. 《6)同时 Strike whilk the ron is hot.③ (7)持续 The professor hasbeen teachingat the university for over thity years. 8.存在 《1》存在和不存在Air exists nea内everywhere There is nota sou*in the room. (2)有和没有The peopk in this country enjoy free medica*eae The Factory ran out of maw materual 9.空间指述 (l)位置He sts at the hack ofthe room The lb lies in the cemter ofthe university. 《2)方向The post office is two blocks straight ahead Tum left at the comer and go stmaightforwand
6. 告戒 （1）提醒 Make sure you'l•be there on time. Don't forget about your study. （2）请求 Wil•you do me a favour? Would you mind helping me with the desk? ③ （3）建议 You'd better take an umbrella. I'd rather you did it again. ② Why don't you have a try? Let's take a short break. Shal•we start now? （4）推荐 I recommend this book. （5）指导 The first thing you have to do is open the cover, and then don't forget to press the button 'ON'. （6）警告 Be careful! Take care! If you don't do it properly, I'l•make you do it again. （7）劝说 Don't you think it would be better to lea ve right now? （8）命令 Be quiet. Don't shout in the corridor. （9）禁止 You can't smoke here. You are not allowed to smoke here. （10）许诺③ I wil•pay you back next time. I give you my word that the goods wil•arrive on time. 7. 时间 （1）时刻 She gets up at 7:00 every morning. The schoo•wil•begin in September. （2）时段 The concert lasted two hours. His father wil•stay in Paris for five years. （3）频度 He should take the medicine twice a day. She usually wrote home every other week. ② （4）时序 The cat ran here and there, first on this side, then on that side. （5）速度 The students can read English at the speed of 200 words per minute. ③ （6）同时 Strike while the iron is hot. ③ （7）持续 The professor has been teaching at the university for over thirty years. ③ 8. 存在 （1）存在和不存在 Air exists nearly everywhere. There is not a sou•in the room. ② (2)有和没有 The people in this country enjoy free medica •care. The factory ran out of raw material. ② 9. 空间描述 （1）位置 He sits at the back of the room. The lab lies in the center of the university. ② （2）方向 The post office is two blocks straight ahead. Turn left at the corner and go straightforward
《3》动向The tman s leaving for Be可mg owad家fom 《4)距离The schoo-is within wak ng distance (5)体积The two rooms are ofthe samesie The swimming poo-is 25 metres in width,50 metres in length and 2 metres in depth. 10.数量 (I》数There are twenty students in the c山由s (2)She hascolected a great numberof foreign stamps. There was a geat amount of rain lst month. (3)足量和不足量图They haveample food and clothi The pot plant died from want of water. (4)过量The shirt is too large for Tom to wear 11。质 (I)形状It is a U-shaped road. (2)倾色 The kaves tum yellw n autumn. 《3)材料The box is made of wood (4)The blind man hasto fee"his way forward He hasno买nse ofmusic (5)质地窗The sik feeis very smooth 《6)f价值@A peas结nt woman found a priceless stone in her白nd (7)白然状况④I don't f*el,just because of the jet-hg 12.方法和千段 The sheets are usualy folded in this way. He decided to treatthe patient surgieally. The dumbcan make themsehesunderstood by meansof pestures. 13.功用 The knife is used to cut things The computer perfoms an mportant function in modem society 14.立论 《I)例迁The lngupe skils,for example,speaking and writing need to be practised. This reltionship can be exemplified by the following graph. namely:as follws (2)概括 Geeo鸟y speaking.job chances are much be出er for manu·workers than for office workers. (3》推论 It is argued that books wil-no lnger be necessary after each famiby owns a computer. (4)结论To划mup,t is noeasy job to leam a foecign language abn all:in conclusion;to concludeby saying. (5)闲明It meansyou mustn't overtake 15.计算和测量@ (1)基储运算1rye陶muhp的3y4,30u12 (2)倍数和百分比Inhs实hooL men constitute only4O%ofthe teaching staf. This book is twice asthick asthatone (3)增加和减少The export incre1 sed in volumn by10 peroent over st3ear There is a sharpdrop of birth rate in this area
（3）动向 The train is leaving for Beijing. towards; from （4）距离 The schoo•is within walking distance. （5）体积③ The two rooms are of the same size. The swimming poo•is 25 metres in width, 50 metres in length and 2 metres in depth. 10. 数量 （1）数 There are twenty students in the class. （2）量 She has collected a great number of foreign stamps. There was a great amount of rain last month. （3）足量和不足量③ They have ample food and clothing. The pot plant died from want of water. （4）过量 The shirt is too large for Tom to wear. 11．质 （1）形状 It is a U-shaped road. （2）颜色 The leaves turn yellow in autumn. （3）材料 The box is made of wood. （4）感觉③ The blind man has to fee•his way forward. He has no sense of music. （5）质地③ The silk feels very smooth. （6）价值③ A peasant woman found a priceless stone in her land. （7）自然状况③ I don't fee•well, just because of the jet-lag. 12. 方法和手段 The sheets are usually folded in this way. ② He decided to treat the patient surgically. ③ The dumb can make themselves understood by means of gestures. ③ 13. 功用 The knife is used to cut things. The computer performs an important function in modern society. 14. 立论 （1）例证 The language skills, for example, speaking and writing, need to be practised. This relationship can be exemplified by the following graph. namely; as follows （2）概括 Generally speaking, job chances are much better for manua • workers than for office workers. （3）推论 It is argued that books wil•no longer be necessary after each family owns a computer. （4）结论 To sum up, it is no easy job to learn a foreign language. al•in all; in conclusion; to conclude by saying… （5）阐明 It means you mustn't overtake. 15. 计算和测量③ （1）基础运算 If you multiply 3 by 4, you get 12. （2）倍数和百分比 In this school, men constitute only 40% of the teaching staff. This book is twice as thick as that one. （3）增加和减少 The export increased in volumn by 10 percent over last year. There is a sharp drop of birth rate in this area
(4)础测量 (长，定等)The table ts four feet in length The garden measures forty feet across. (3)近似值about,appeoximalely 《6》平均值On theavera保，e author writes h0 booksa3ear to have anaverape of (7)比零和比例16to8sna1o0f61o3 The proportion of A to B is X to Y. (8)最大值和量小值The train has the maxmum speed of20 mies per hour, The mnimum numberof students in each room wibe five (9)估i计Thee过mated quantity of rice per acre s5ons It is estimated that the work wiltake three months. 16。结构 (I)怎分和整体The com曲ttee comprrses nine profess气 Our class consists of 40 students (2)多分之间的眠系Thea衣se leads to the balcomy. 17.关系⑦ (1)行为中和事物中的联系They showed到ym四hy to the ch These factsare known by althe schooheachers (2)对比美系 on the one hand..on the other hand-.in spite of.on the contrary (3)比较美系 He speaks Engish as wel-as she does. He is the slower of the two chidren. That is the most wonderfu-play I have ever seen (4)所属关系her promotion;a woman略colles学 《5)逻辑美系As it was raining hard,we didn't9 out yesterday Nothng more was heard fmom him so that we began to wonder ifhe was dead. Though it was already midnight,he went on working He failed the exam as a resut of bad preparation. (6)English can be furtherdivided into severa"sub-vareties. 2,语法顶日表 1,问类 《1)名词 《2》)形容词 《3)副词 《4)功同 (3)代词 《6)展词 (7)数词 《8)介词 《9)连词 (10)鲸双词 2,名词 (1)可数和不可数名问
（4）基础测量 （长、宽等） The table is four feet in length. The garden measures forty feet across. （5）近似值 about; approximately （6）平均值 On the average, the author writes two books a year. to have an average of （7）比率和比例 16 to 8 is in ratio of 6 to 3. The proportion of A to B is X to Y. （8）最大值和最小值 The train has the maximum speed of 250 miles per hour. The minimum number of students in each room wil•be five. （9）估计 The estimated quantity of rice per acre is 5 tons. It is estimated that the work wil•take three months. 16．结构③ （1）部分和整体 The committee comprises nine professors. Our class consists of 40 students. （2）部分之间的联系 The staircase leads to the balcony. 17．关系③ （1）行为中和事物中的联系 They showed sympathy to the child. These facts are known by al•the schoolteachers. （2）对比关系 on the one hand… on the other hand…; in spite of; on the contrary （3）比较关系 He speaks English as wel•as she does. He is the slower of the two children. That is the most wonderfu•play I have ever seen. （4）所属关系 her promotion; a woman's college （5）逻辑关系 As it was raining hard, we didn't go out yesterday. Nothing more was heard from him so that we began to wonder if he was dead. Though it was already midnight, he went on working. He failed the exam as a result of bad preparation. （6）分类 English can be further divided into severa •sub-varieties. 2、语法项目表 1、 词类 （1） 名词 （2） 形容词 （3） 副词 （4） 动词 （5） 代词 （6） 冠词 （7） 数词 （8） 介词 （9） 连词 (10) 惊叹词 2、 名词 （1） 可数和不可数名词
《2)名问的复数形式 (3)专有名词 《4)所有格 3,代词 《1)人称代词 《2)物主代可 (3)反身代词 《4)指示代问 (5)不定代问 《6)疑问代词 《7)关系代词 4,数词 《1)基数词 《2)序数词 《3)分数@ 《4)小数幻 《5)百分比图 5,介词 6,连词 7、形容词 《1)形容词作定语、表语，宾语林足请 《2)比较等级，原级/比较圾/最高级 8,别词 《1)功能：表不时间、地点、方式，程度、美系等 《2)比校等级：原级/比较领/最高饭 9,延调 10.动词 《1)基本形式 A现在时 B.过去时 C.过去分词 D.ng形式 《2)行为动闪的及物性和不及物性 (3)系动同，be.t.bok,s0em,tum.ow.becomc (4)动间：be,do.have,shaL,wl等 《S)情老动词：can,may,mug,ouge,need,d山e等 (6)时态 A。一般现在时 B. 一般过去时 c 一般将来时 D.现在进行时 E,现在克成时 F. 过去进行时区② G.将来进行时
（2） 名词的复数形式 （3） 专有名词 （4） 所有格 3、 代词 （1） 人称代词 （2） 物主代词 （3） 反身代词 （4） 指示代词 （5） 不定代词 （6） 疑问代词 （7） 关系代词 4、 数词 （1） 基数词 （2） 序数词 （3） 分数③ （4） 小数③ （5） 百分比③ 5、 介词 6、 连词 7、 形容词 （1） 形容词作定语、表语、宾语补足语 （2） 比较等级：原级/比较级/最高级 8、 副词 （1） 功能：表示时间、地点、方式、程度、关系等 （2） 比较等级：原级/比较级/最高级 9、 冠词 10、动词 （1） 基本形式 A． 现在时 B． 过去时 C． 过去分词 D． -ing 形式 （2） 行为动词的及物性和不及物性 （3） 系动词：be, get, look, seem, turn, grow, become 等 （4） 助动词：be, do, have, shall, will 等 （5） 情态动词：can, may, must, ought to, need, dare 等 （6） 时态 A． 一般现在时 B． 一般过去时 C． 一般将来时 D． 现在进行时 E． 现在完成时 F． 过去进行时② G． 将来进行时
H.将米完成时② 1,一般过去将来时③ 1观在克成进行时阅 K.过去完成迷行时 L,过去完成时网 (7)被动语老 A技时语态的不同时志 ·一服现在时 ·一一服过去时 ·一般将来时② ·观在进行时② ·观在完成时② “过去进行时② ·过去完成时② ·将来完成时图 ·一般过去将素时③ ·过去将米完成时③ B。带情态动铜的被动语老 《器)动词的丰谓语彩式 A不定式 ·作主语 ·作宾语 ·作宾语补足语 ·作状语 ·作定语② ·作表语网 ·在复合结构中@ ·完成式、走行式和完成进行式国 ·技动形式③ B,动闪的ed形式习 ·作定语 ·作表语 ·作宾语补足语 ·作状语 C,动词的g彩式网 ·作主语 ·作宾语 ·作宾语补足语 ·作表语 ·作定语 ·作状语 ·在复合结构中@ ·完成形式和被动形式瓦 《9)虚叛语气通
H． 将来完成时② I． 一般过去将来时③ J． 现在完成进行时③ K． 过去完成进行时③ L． 过去完成时② （7） 被动语态 A． 被动语态的不同时态 •一般现在时 •一般过去时 •一般将来时② •现在进行时② •现在完成时② •过去进行时② •过去完成时② •将来完成时③ •一般过去将来时③ •过去将来完成时③ B． 带情态动词的被动语态 （8） 动词的非谓语形式 A． 不定式 •作主语 •作宾语 •作宾语补足语 •作状语 •作定语② •作表语② •在复合结构中③ •完成式、进行式和完成进行式③ •被动形式③ B． 动词的-ed 形式② •作定语 •作表语 •作宾语补足语 •作状语 C． 动词的-ing 形式② •作主语 •作宾语 •作宾语补足语 •作表语 •作定语 •作状语 •在复合结构中③ •完成形式和被动形式③ （9） 虚拟语气③