
参考资料1 定语从句 宁语从句在创中修宁器,格饰·个名河成代词,技物饰的名词问的说代问印东行问。心透从调常非 电在是行词之后,由关系词(文系代刘成关出河】引回 关聚f代i问有:te,sle,to,that,hich够。 关系则同有:h,r色,合y号. 加空培从向日达 181关聚代羽引量们宁西从句 关系代问所代林的先行问是人政物的名网爱代闪,并在句中免当年、本语、定丽等成分,关系民问 在定语从句中作主语时,从句引语动词的人称和数程和完行闲据一致, 1)she,shoe,that 这些词代替的失行问是人的名闪代月,在从句中作主话和东语。衡,如 T×he the mn shoy'thut sntx to H y?他复是:想见的人为(vhy that在从句中f作主者) 用wi%w惠ns/lTwy网lrY.佳就是我卧大见的康个人+(/1e4l在从句中作宽 谓) 2)os0用案指人或将,《只用作定香。若指物,它还可以同ih互换).例如: They rushe同over to help the raa shose car had broken doan.都人车坏了,大家都孩过去花忙 130p551hebo3t功ose(oth1ch)【oer i5gcen.请编给我写本涤2的书, 3)优替伯先行词是半物的名河成代列,在从句中可作主诗。宽诸花。例如, A prosperity hich that had aever been semn tefore appears 1a the comntryside. 衣村出现了前所末有的繁荣。〔南1ch/t山at在句中作宾语) The package{hieh/that)you are carrying is由0 ut to come insrappod.你食的包t快散了. (shich/ttl在句中作病语) 区三福从旧录 1尿多关燕出河引号们定谢从句 关系别问可代替们先行问是时间、电点或厘由的名问,在从句中作代活。 I)关系图网响,sh色,y的含义相当于“介司+shie山“结构.因比常常和介民+山ie山结构交性 传用。倒知: Thwrm arw tixicn×〔hich)cHm4L¥i=l且在何人市不得不的时候 eiJ1 ng is the place殖cre(1nhlc山)1 was born.北8是双的l牛地. [s this the ro9 cn why(for wich)he refusedo面off@r?这限是他拒绝我打帮蜀饱的理由 因s 2):at代精关系词.可以用于表示封间,地点,方式、理由的名后夏代en,herc,y和”介试+ h”引导们定当从句.。存口培11常酸省路。例知 1s1 ather died the year(that/tcn/tnh1ch》e was boen传父邻在枚出牛牛fu e【s unlikel5 to fInd the pla《tat/hre/1mal由】he1 Ived rorty5 cars ago.包 不大可能找到他四十年償居住过的单方。 这豆宁语从句日录 1R3到天布化词与关有划到 方法一:用关系代闪,还是关系问完全取决于从句中的调品材可。及物动问后而元滨语。流必课要 末同关聚代习:而不及物动问网要末同关系别问:卡制如: This is the mountaia villa61ce】s式ayed last year,这是我去年暴过的l书, I'1 I never torget the day3ha1 orked toge1er1thyo.我k不会,与称共事的日了. 判断文计: This is the sountain vlllape where I visttod last ycar. 《错》【ill reve灯forget the d相ys when I spent in the countryside 《对》This is the wountain village(tich】I visited last year. 《对》'1 SRAMP【arget the小s%〔hieh)】xpant is the emntryside. 习眉上的印艺执中线时间约名可白关采副词Y心,动©联采4.出,件两要情A关柔问的取用上, 方注二:准伴判西先行河在定福从句中的成分(卡、谓、并、定、状),也北正期透择出关聚代可/ 关聚则问。 例1.I8 this o5e国一a0y5a1 ted a fow4ysa2 A where B.that C on shich D.the oae 刷2.s this the muscun一the exh1 bition5cld
参考资料 1 定语从句 定语从句在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出 现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。 关系代词有:who, whom, whose, that, which 等。 关系副词有:when, where, why 等。 返回定语从句目录 18.1 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词 在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 1)who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中作主语和宾语。例如: Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗?(who/that 在从句中作主语) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that 在从句中作宾 语) 2) whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同 of which 互换)。例如: They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。 Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。 3)which, that 所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如: A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that 在句中作宾语) The package (which / that)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。 (which / that 在句中作宾语) 返回定语从句目录 18.2 关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。 1)关系副词 when, where, why 的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构,因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替 使用。例如: There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 Beijing is the place where(in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。 Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由 吗? 2)that 代替关系副词,可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代 when, where, why 和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句,在口语中 that 常被省略。例如: His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世 了。 He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他 不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。 返回定语从句目录 18.3 判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一: 用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要 求用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如: This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 这是我去年呆过的山村。 I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。 判断改错: (错) This is the mountain village where I visited last year. (错) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. (对) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year. (对) I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside. 习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when 联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。 方法二: 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状),也能正确选择出关系代词/ 关系副词。 例 1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age? A. where B. that C. on which D. the one 例 2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held

人hnwB.that C.on shich几.ta4e 密案,例1D,问2A 倒1警h背定:1h15u5c四15一o阳v1s1 tod a fow da55.g0. 例2变为青定句:This1sth31sum一the ex1 bitio0 was hel4 在句】中,所缺蛋分为夜语,面加r6that,on shich都不作起到夜者的作用。只有the one既做 了宝的表害,又可做从句的语,可风省路关系代词。所以成查心。 位句2中,主.详,宽全,从包官分为句子的语表电点,概可用词h,义因nhw■w口 问起,可用介河in+hih引导电当软语。门北w,介可m月的小对。新以达A 关荔河的达择低栏在从句中情蚀的域分,先行河在从问中做主,定.资世时,选择关惑代训《a tht,h[c止seae:先行i问在从句中做状i语时,这师关聚闪《hee地点以语,e鱼时可 状话,原因状语)。 极运宁语从句日悬 1示4限制性相扑张性定谢从句 1)定墙从句有眼以性和七限性内件。限制性定请从句是完行词不可缺少的常分。去有它主句意想往社 不明魂:眼膜性定者从句是先行词的附加说明,去掉了也不会影联主句的意思,它与主句之间通常 用三号分开。衡如: Thix ix1 hmise shich#1小11I像:小h.这是我们上个月买的形幢房子。{从制性) neo必c,功1ehb2We1 Last monti出15c71ce.这s好:了很课桌,是我L上个月无的. (非聚制性》 2)当先行词是香有名到或物主代钱和组示代词佛修时,其后的足清从句通常是十限以性的,例知: Charles Saith,o同s可forrer teache,retired last四ar,養理,史密斯去年U体了,包 的经是我的老师. 斯asH,hi由ThNL15r,xla1ewy和l.我去年死的的检房子市着 个得充的花招. This nowel,shich I have read three t1nes,55 very touching.这本小i说很对人,我己经i读了 三地。 3)丰限制性定语从句还能筹整个主句作为先行词。对其连行修件,这时从句晋语动国更用第三人称单 立,例如: 书+lo lave gEx日1TnL,Ai由gwt1 yH×.色划于发系位我的意 坦,这使我心旗 Liqmid anter changes to vapor,hich is cal1 ed evaporatinn液态水变为蒸汽,这复叫做赢 发. 说明:关系代间小t和关系到闪y不能引号风性定语从句. 这正片温从6句日录 1R5介词+关燕词 )介订后面的关系河不使容略, 2)ta1像不能有介月. 3)某些在从句中充当时间,地点说短因状话的“介习+关茶同"结构可以可关态词n和山m互淡 衡知, n1s1 s the hou5c1n1cd1l1 ved two years a8a.这是我两年莉件过的所了. Tais is the house shere I lived two years ag boWT动er the day on which you joine时crc]ub?还记每你入我们俱乐部的课一天吗: Do you remesher the day when you joined our club? ☒加空墙从向H这 1区爸a5,动1eh丰腰定性定诺从句 由as,hich导的丰限定作定谓从句,as和shich可代整个主句,相当予ad this或ad that. As一服校在句首,hieh在句中。例如: 5ekna满,5king1 s harstul1ooe's bealth知我们所知,重括有害t康, 1 he sun beats the船crth,hich1sc灯y1写ort缸tto5.太生礼6起米,这封我们1人龙E 重要。 克型例思 1)lice received aa iavitatioa froa h的r bosa,—case as a s甲rge. A.it B.that C.shich D.he 答来C,此为十风定性从句,不能用凸修的,有用i.,i1灯m荐使后句成为句子,椅个 程立的句下不并单成动号出花,记凡读心句或不讯 2)The weather turned out to be very good.was more ttan we could expcet
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one 答案:例 1 D,例 2 A 例 1 变为肯定句: This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago. 例 2 变为肯定句: This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held. 在句 1 中,所缺部分为宾语,而 where, that, on which 都不能起到宾语的作用,只有 the one 既做 了主句的表语,又可做从句的宾语,可以省略关系代词,所以应选 D。 而句 2 中, 主、谓、宾俱全,从句部分为句子的状语表地点,既可用副词 where,又因 in the museum 词组,可用介词 in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中,介词 on 用的不对,所以选 A。 关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分,先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时,选择关系代词(who, whom, that, which, whose); 先行词在从句中做状语时,应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语,when 时间 状语,why 原因状语) 。 返回定语从句目录 18.4 限制性和非限制性定语从句 1) 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分,去掉它主句意思往往 不明确;非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明,去掉了也不会影响主句的意思,它与主句之间通常 用逗号分开。例如: This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。(限制性) The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的。 (非限制性) 2) 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时,其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。例如: Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理·史密斯去年退休了,他 曾经是我的老师。 My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着 个漂亮的花园。 This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人,我已经读了 三遍。 3) 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单 数。例如: He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意 思,这使我心烦。 Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽,这就叫做蒸 发。 说明:关系代词 that 和关系副词 why 不能引导非限制性定语从句。 返回定语从句目录 18.5 介词+关系词 1)介词后面的关系词不能省略。 2)that 前不能有介词。 3)某些在从句中充当时间,地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词 when 和 where 互换。 例如: This is the house in which I lived two years ago. 这是我两年前住过的房子。 This is the house where I lived two years ago. Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? 还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗? Do you remember the day when you joined our club? 返回定语从句目录 18.6 as, which 非限定性定语从句 由 as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句,as 和 which 可代整个主句,相当于 and this 或 and that。 As 一般放在句首,which 在句中。例如: As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health. 如我们所知,吸烟有害健康。 The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us. 太阳使地球暖起来,这对我们人类很 重要。 典型例题 1)Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise. A. it B. that C. which D. he 答案 C. 此为非限定性从句,不能用 that 修饰,而用 which.,it 和 he 都使后句成为句子,两个 独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选 he 句意不通。 2)The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect

A.what且.hich C.that D it 答案B。hich可代得句子,周于套限定性定语从句,而at不可,at不能用于丰限定性定语从 句,:不为连词,使由起号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语话法上行不通, 3)It rained hard yosterday,_ prevested me from poiag to the park A.that B.which C.as D.it 答案且和动h在引导生限制性定语从句时,这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思,且 在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾销。但不同之处主要有丙点: (1)s引号的定语从句可置于句首,面由不可, (2)as代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时,从句中的简语必须是系动司:若为行为动词,则从句 中的关系代同只能用止·在木思中,证1自于是行为动同,所以正确这项应为B, s的同法 例】.tes:Kh=线中的s是一种固定结构。和m一样m,例如 【have got into the sam1ohle4she《ha线),我是到了限他一样的麻候。 例2通s可引导丰限制性从句,常唇有”正如'。例如: As we kno两,smoking is harmful to ene's health如我们所知,吸烟有害健康, As is knomn.smoking is harmful to one's health. 心是关系代问.例1中的as作k心的宾师:例2中,它充当从句的主语,请师动问加四要用核 动式 压回定话从句日家 18,7先行词和关系词二合一 I)hoever spits in public will be punished here.(heever可以用asyone who f代整) 2)The pareats vi1 I use what they have to send their son to techaieal school..《hat可以用 all that代件) 压回家话从句日 18.8 what/whatever:that/shat:sho/whoever I)shat”the thing动ich:haterer aything,例年a ato阳nta%been sent bere,你现的动词都运亲了, haterer you sant□kcsn0 difference to.不管你要什么,限我没什么关系. 2)ho°the person1 hat whoever-anyo0eh0,例如: (h)tho breaks the law will be punished (Thoever robbed the baak is not clear. (对)oever bre威s the lav vi1 be panished.壬子电法,与些民同里. (对》hoe地ed1 he hank is tot clear,雅抢了银行比不清是, 3)that和hat 当t引导定语从句时,通意用作关乘代词,面引等名词性从句时,是个不充当任例成分的连接词. 度请从句和表语从句中的”常可着略,翻只能引号名司性从园,用作连援代调,作从句的具相 成分,且不能有路。例如 11hk《hat)y四1l1ike1es1as.我见你会喜欢这线起票的. hat ve need1 s sore practice,我们围要的是更多的实我. 返回定话从日速 18,9关系代词tht的用法 1)不用that的情况 a)引导丰限定性定语从句时。例知: (The tree.that is four hundred years old.is very famous here. b)介词后不能用。例如: Te depead on1he1 and from which we的10 rfood.我们恢教土地我得食物: Ve depead on the land that/which we pet our food from 2)只能用加作为定语从句的美系代词的情况 a)在here be句型中,只用hat,不用hich. b)在不定代词。知:anything。othing。heoe,ll,h,fes,a,1itle等作先行河 时,只用hat,不用shich, e) 先行词有the细lg,the very修物时.只用at. d)先行词为序数.数形容最高级时,用at, e) 先行同成有人,又有物时。例闻: A11t山t1 needod is a supe1ye时iL.所需的只是其油月题. Finally,the thief handed everything that he had s1 olen to the po1ict.线最件起输
A. what B. which C. that D. it 答案 B。which 可代替句子,用于非限定性定语从句,而 what 不可。That 不能用于非限定性定语从 句,it 不为连词,使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。 3)It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park.. A. that B. which C. as D. it 答案 B. as 和 which 在引导非限制性定语从句时,这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思,且 在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点: (1)as 引导的定语从句可置于句首,而 which 不可。 (2) as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时,从句中的谓语必须是系动词;若为行为动词,则从句 中的关系代词只能用 which.。在本题中,prevent 由于是行为动词,所以正确选项应为 B。 as 的用法 例 1. the same…as;such…as 中的 as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样……。例如: I have got into the same trouble as he (has). 我碰到了跟他一样的麻烦。 例 2. as 可引导非限制性从句,常带有'正如'。例如: As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health. 如我们所知,吸烟有害健康。 As is known, smoking is harmful to one's health. As 是关系代词。例 1 中的 as 作 know 的宾语;例 2 中,它充当从句的主语,谓语动词 know 要用被 动式。 返回定语从句目录 18.7 先行词和关系词二合一 1) Whoever spits in public will be punished here. (Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替) 2) The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school.(what 可以用 all that 代替) 返回定语从句目录 18.8 what/whatever; that/what; who/whoever 1)what = the thing which;whatever = anything。例如: What you want has been sent here. 你要的动词都送来了。 Whatever you want makes no difference to me. 不管你要什么,跟我没什么关系。 2) who= the person that whoever= anyone who。例如: (错)Who breaks the law will be punished. (错)Whoever robbed the bank is not clear. (对)Whoever breaks the law will be punished. 王子犯法,与庶民同罪。 (对)Who robbed the bank is not clear. 谁抢了银行还不清楚。 3) that 和 what 当 that 引导定语从句时,通常用作关系代词,而引导名词性从句时,是个不充当任何成分的连接词。 宾语从句和表语从句中的 that 常可省略。What 只能引导名词性从句,用作连接代词,作从句的具体 成分,且不能省略。例如: I think(that)you will like the stamps. 我想你会喜欢这些邮票的。 What we need is more practice. 我们需要的是更多的实践。 返回定语从句目录 18.9 关系代词 that 的用法 1)不用 that 的情况 a) 引导非限定性定语从句时。例如: (错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here. b) 介词后不能用。例如: We depend on the land from which we get our food. 我们依赖土地获得食物。 We depend on the land that/which we get our food from. 2) 只能用 that 作为定语从句的关系代词的情况 a) 在 there be 句型中,只用 that,不用 which。 b) 在不定代词,如:anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little 等作先行词 时,只用 that,不用 which。 c) 先行词有 the only, the very 修饰时,只用 that。 d) 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时,只用 that。. e) 先行词既有人,又有物时。例如: All that is needed is a supply of oil. 所需的只是供油问题。 Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. 那贼最终把偷

的全部东西交给了警察
的全部东西交给了警察