Section I Reading and Thinking 课后·训练提升 一、单词拼写 1.Never become p about your present problems,we all will give you a hand if necessary. 答案pessimistic 2.The school has a reputation for high standards of d 答案discipline 3.The industry r on the price of raw materials remaining low. 答案relies 4.She has got a well-paid job as a r for her kindness and great efforts 答案reward 5.Anyone will be punished if he/she a the power 答案abuses 6.We are banned from drinking (during working hours. 答案alcohol 7.The three huge companies (支配)the express delivery industry. 答案dominate 8.At present we haven't had any programmes for clinical p 答案psychology 9.The new airport here will f the development of tourism in this city 答案facilitate 10.The whole experience was definitely more positive than n 答案negative 二、单句语法填空 1.Having grown not only (physical)but mentally in the past few years,I am beyond recognition in the photo 答案physically 2.All your memorial efforts will be in vain if you can't learn English by practising (repeat). 答案repeatedly 3.After several rounds of competition the little girl stood out because of her excellent spoken English and quick (respond)in particular 答案response 4.Anyone providing information which leads to the breakthrough of the recovery of the painting (reward)in three weeks. 答案will be rewarded 5.My friend a client is a reliable person,and you can rely it that he will give you a hand when you are in trouble 含案bn 6.It's generally recognised that education shouldn't be measured only by (examine)results. 答案examination/exam 三、完成句子 1.一个人无论是吸烟还是酗酒，都会对自己的身心健康造成很大危害。 It will do great harm to someone's physical and mental health (abuse) whether he or she is involved in tobacco or alcohol abuse
Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking 课后· 一、单词拼写 1.Never become p about your present problems;we all will give you a hand if necessary. 答案 pessimistic 2.The school has a reputation for high standards of d . 答案 discipline 3.The industry r on the price of raw materials remaining low. 答案 relies 4.She has got a well-paid job as a r for her kindness and great efforts. 答案 reward 5.Anyone will be punished if he/she a the power. 答案 abuses 6.We are banned from drinking (酒) during working hours. 答案 alcohol 7.The three huge companies (支配) the express delivery industry. 答案 dominate 8.At present we haven’t had any programmes for clinical p . 答案 psychology 9.The new airport here will f the development of tourism in this city. 答案 facilitate 10.The whole experience was definitely more positive than n . 答案 negative 二、单句语法填空 1.Having grown not only (physical)but mentally in the past few years,I am beyond recognition in the photo. 答案 physically 2.All your memorial efforts will be in vain if you can’t learn English by practising (repeat). 答案 repeatedly 3.After several rounds of competition,the little girl stood out because of her excellent spoken English and quick (respond) in particular. 答案 response 4.Anyone providing information which leads to the breakthrough of the recovery of the painting (reward)in three weeks. 答案 will be rewarded 5.My friend,a client,is a reliable person,and you can rely it that he will give you a hand when you are in trouble. 答案 on 6.It’s generally recognised that education shouldn’t be measured only by (examine) results. 答案 examination/exam 三、完成句子 1.一个人无论是吸烟还是酗酒,都会对自己的身心健康造成很大危害。 It will do great harm to someone’s physical and mental health .(abuse) 答案 whether he or she is involved in tobacco or alcohol abuse
2.董事会的大多数成员都赞成将这款受欢迎的软件卖掉变现。 the majority of the board.(dominate) The idea of selling this popular software for cash dominates 3.你最好尽你最大的努力去回报支持你的人，即使他或她从来没有要求过（回报）。 even if he or she never asks for.(reward) You'd better try your best to reward whoever supports you 4.正如中国的谚语所说：“玩火者必自焚。” ,"Those who play fire are bound to get burned.”(as从句) 答案As the Chinese saying goes 5.尽管这座桥现在看起来陈旧，但是它最初在这个小镇建成时却吸引了许多参观者。 Old as it is now,the bridge in the small town,attracted many visitors..(状语从句的省略) 答案when first built 四、阅读理解 Among all the superfoods and fashionable diets,one style of eating consistently comes out on top as the best:the Mediterranean diet.In 2019,it was ranked as the best diet to try by U.S.News& World Report. The Mediterranean diet places an emphasis on fresh.colorful eating and avoids heavily processed ingredients().This way of eating focuses on foods like olive oil,nuts,fruit and vegetables,legumes,whole grains and fish.Wine is part of the typical Mediterranean diet,too,but you should drink it in a small quantity.This style of diet can also include some milk,chicken and duck-but.like wine.these are usually limited. In a 2013 study in the New England Journal of Medicine,researchers found that people on a Mediterranean diet were far less likely to have a heart attack,stroke or other cardiovascular( )event than people who ate a low-fat diet.The study participants who ate a Mediterranean diet together with olive oil or nuts saw their risk of cardiovascular disease drop by 30 percent. In another study,those who most closely followed a Mediterranean diet had a lower body mass index(BMI)and better body shape than those who adapted the diet's style the least.This is likely because the diet is high in vitamin C and vitamin E.Also,it's packed with fibre,a nutrient known for keeping you full. A 2016 review of 18 studies in Frontiers in Nutrition found that following a Mediterranean diet,like having an anti-aging journey,was associated with less cognitive()decline,reduced risk of Alzheimer's disease,and better memory and controlling function.Additional research in the journal Neurology likened the diet's effects to reducing the brain's age by five years. With all of these privileges,it makes sense that you may want to start a Mediterranean diet. 1.Which of the following belongs to the Mediterranean diet? A.Plenty of milk products. B.Colourful heavily processed foods. C.Enough fresh fruit,vegetables and legumes. D.Large amounts of whole grain,fish and wine 答案 解桐细节理解题。根据第二段第二句This way of eating focuses on foods like olive oil,nuts,fruit and vegetables,legumes,whole grains and fish.”可知，新鲜水果、蔬莱和豆类属于地 中海饮食。故选C项。 2.People on a Mediterranean diet are more likely to_ A.suffer from a stroke B.have a heart attack C.keep a better figure D.improve their wisdom
2.董事会的大多数成员都赞成将这款受欢迎的软件卖掉变现。 the majority of the board.(dominate) 答案 The idea of selling this popular software for cash dominates 3.你最好尽你最大的努力去回报支持你的人,即使他或她从来没有要求过(回报)。 even if he or she never asks for.(reward) 答案 You’d better try your best to reward whoever supports you 4.正如中国的谚语所说:“玩火者必自焚。” ,“Those who play fire are bound to get burned.”(as 从句) 答案 As the Chinese saying goes 5.尽管这座桥现在看起来陈旧,但是它最初在这个小镇建成时却吸引了许多参观者。 Old as it is now,the bridge, in the small town,attracted many visitors.(状语从句的省略) 答案 when first built 四、阅读理解 A Among all the superfoods and fashionable diets,one style of eating consistently comes out on top as the best:the Mediterranean diet.In 2019,it was ranked as the best diet to try by U.S.News & World Report. The Mediterranean diet places an emphasis on fresh,colorful eating and avoids heavily processed ingredients(原料).This way of eating focuses on foods like olive oil,nuts,fruit and vegetables,legumes,whole grains and fish.Wine is part of the typical Mediterranean diet,too,but you should drink it in a small quantity.This style of diet can also include some milk,chicken and duck—but,like wine,these are usually limited. In a 2013 study in the New England Journal of Medicine,researchers found that people on a Mediterranean diet were far less likely to have a heart attack,stroke or other cardiovascular(心血 管的) event than people who ate a low-fat diet.The study participants who ate a Mediterranean diet together with olive oil or nuts saw their risk of cardiovascular disease drop by 30 percent. In another study,those who most closely followed a Mediterranean diet had a lower body mass index (BMI) and better body shape than those who adapted the diet’s style the least.This is likely because the diet is high in vitamin C and vitamin E.Also,it’s packed with fibre,a nutrient known for keeping you full. A 2016 review of 18 studies in Frontiers in Nutrition found that following a Mediterranean diet,like having an anti-aging journey,was associated with less cognitive(认知的) decline,reduced risk of Alzheimer’s disease,and better memory and controlling function.Additional research in the journal Neurology likened the diet’s effects to reducing the brain’s age by five years. With all of these privileges,it makes sense that you may want to start a Mediterranean diet. 1.Which of the following belongs to the Mediterranean diet? A.Plenty of milk products. B.Colourful heavily processed foods. C.Enough fresh fruit,vegetables and legumes. D.Large amounts of whole grain,fish and wine. 答案 C 解析细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“This way of eating focuses on foods like olive oil,nuts,fruit and vegetables,legumes,whole grains and fish.”可知,新鲜水果、蔬菜和豆类属于地 中海饮食。故选 C 项。 2.People on a Mediterranean diet are more likely to . A.suffer from a stroke B.have a heart attack C.keep a better figure D.improve their wisdom
答案c 解析细节理解题。根据第四段第一句'In another study,those who most closely followed a Mediterranean diet had a lower body mass index(BMI)and better body shape than those who adapted the diet's style the least.”可知，坚持地中海饮食的人会有较好的身材。故选C项。 3.What does the underlined word"likened"in paragraph 5 probably mean? A.Enjoyed. B.Weakened. C.Increased D.Compared. 答案D 解析词义猜测题。根据第五段第一句和对全文的整体理解可知，本文主要在说明地中海饮食 的优势，结合语境“Additional research'”可推知，此处是进一步佐证这种观，点。结合画线词所在 句句意可推知，画线词有“类比”的含义，故选D项。 4.What is the purpose of the author in writing this text? A.To introduce a well-received diet. B.To persuade the readers to eat regularly C.To stress the importance ofeating well. D.To describe different diets and their effects 答案A 解析写作意图题。根据首段点题和最后一段“With all of these privileges,.it makes sense that you may want to start a Mediterranean diet.”以及文章的其他内容可推知，本文旨在推荐一种受 欢迎的饮食方式，即地中海饮食，故选A项。 女 (2020山东高考) According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research,both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake.And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions(),it's the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid. To test the effect of social influence on eating habits,the researchers conducted two experiments.In the first,95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly (E)participate in a study about movie viewership.Before the film began,each woman was asked to help herself to a snack.An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first.In her natural state,the actor weighed 105 pounds.But in half the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds. Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food.The participants followed suit,taking more food than they normally would have.However,they took significantly more when the actor was thin. For the second test in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls.In the other case,she took 30 pieces.The results were similar to the first test:the participants followed suit but took significantly more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we're making decisions.If this fellow participant is going to eat more,so will I.Call it the "I'll have what she's having"effect.However,we'll adjust the influence.If an overweight person is having a large portion,I'll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits.But if a thin person eats a lot,I'll follow suit.If he can eat much and keep slim,why can't I? 5.What is the recent study mainly about? A.Food safety. B.Movie viewership. C.Consumer demand.D.Eating behaviour. 答案D 解析细节理解题。根据第一段中的“According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research,both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake.”可知，这项研究是关于就餐同伴会影响人们食物摄取量的。故选D项。 6.What does the underlined word"beanpoles"in paragraph 1 refer to? A.Big eaters. B.Overweight persons C.Picky eaters. D.Tall,thin persons
答案 C 解析细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“In another study,those who most closely followed a Mediterranean diet had a lower body mass index(BMI) and better body shape than those who adapted the diet’s style the least.”可知,坚持地中海饮食的人会有较好的身材。故选 C 项。 3.What does the underlined word “likened” in paragraph 5 probably mean? A.Enjoyed. B.Weakened. C.Increased. D.Compared. 答案 D 解析词义猜测题。根据第五段第一句和对全文的整体理解可知,本文主要在说明地中海饮食 的优势,结合语境“Additional research”可推知,此处是进一步佐证这种观点。结合画线词所在 句句意可推知,画线词有“类比”的含义,故选 D 项。 4.What is the purpose of the author in writing this text? A.To introduce a well-received diet. B.To persuade the readers to eat regularly. C.To stress the importance of eating well. D.To describe different diets and their effects. 答案 A 解析写作意图题。根据首段点题和最后一段“With all of these privileges,it makes sense that you may want to start a Mediterranean diet.”以及文章的其他内容可推知,本文旨在推荐一种受 欢迎的饮食方式,即地中海饮食,故选 A 项。 B (2020·山东高考) According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research,both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake.And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions(份),it’s the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid. To test the effect of social influence on eating habits,the researchers conducted two experiments.In the first,95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly (表面上)participate in a study about movie viewership.Before the film began,each woman was asked to help herself to a snack.An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first.In her natural state,the actor weighed 105 pounds.But in half the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds. Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food.The participants followed suit,taking more food than they normally would have.However,they took significantly more when the actor was thin. For the second test,in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls.In the other case,she took 30 pieces.The results were similar to the first test:the participants followed suit but took significantly more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces. The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we’re making decisions.If this fellow participant is going to eat more,so will I.Call it the “I’ll have what she’s having” effect.However,we’ll adjust the influence.If an overweight person is having a large portion,I’ll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits.But if a thin person eats a lot,I’ll follow suit.If he can eat much and keep slim,why can’t I? 5.What is the recent study mainly about? A.Food safety. B.Movie viewership. C.Consumer demand. D.Eating behaviour. 答案 D 解析细节理解题。根据第一段中的“According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research,both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake.”可知,这项研究是关于就餐同伴会影响人们食物摄取量的。故选 D 项。 6.What does the underlined word “beanpoles” in paragraph 1 refer to? A.Big eaters. B.Overweight persons. C.Picky eaters. D.Tall,thin persons
答案D 解析词义猜测题。根据前半句“And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions'”可知，现有的研究认为：你应该避免和体重 较重、点大份饭菜的人一起吃饭。后半句认为，你真正应该避免的是“the beanpoles with big appetites”。由contrary to可推断出，画线词和heavier people相反，结合选项，D选项（瘦瘦高高 的人)正好和heavier people相反。故选D项。 7.Why did the researchers hire the actor? A.To see how she would affect the participants. B.To test if the participants could recognise her C.To find out what she would do in the two tests. D.To study why she could keep her weight down. 答案A 解析推理判断题。根据第二段中的To test the effect of social influence on eating habits,the researchers conducted two experiments.”可知，为了测试社会影响对饮食习惯的影响，研究人员 进行了两个实验。根据倒数第三段的内容可知，在两个实验中，胖的和瘦的演员都吃了大量的 食物。参与者也照做，吃的食物比平常多。然而，当演员是瘦的的时候，参与者们服用的食物 更多。由此推断，研究人员雇用演员是为了看看她如何影响参与者。故选A项。 8.On what basis do we "adjust the influence"according to the last paragraph? A.How hungry we are. B.How slim we want to be C.How we perceive others. D.How we feel about the food. 答案C 解析推理判断题。根据最后一段中的If an overweight person is having a large portion,I’ll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits.But if a thin person eats a lot,I'll follow suit.If he can eat much and keep slim,why can'tI?”可知，如果我看到一个超重的人吃了 很大一份，我会忍住一点，因为我看到了他的饮食习惯带来的后果。但如果一个瘦的人吃很 多，我会跟着做。如果他吃得多，却又能保持苗条，为什么我不能呢？因此推断我们是根据我们 对他人的看法（即：如何看待他人）来调整影响的。故选C项。 五、七选五阅读理解 Health is the most important thing in the world.Nothing is more important than health.If one takes away our money,houses,cars,or even our clothes,we can still survive.1 That is why we always try to eat in a healthy way and exercise regularly. How can we keep healthy?In order to eat healthily,I usually avoid eating food high in fat,like French fries or cookies,which are junk foods.Besides,I only eat a little meat.2 3 Taking exercise every day helps us build a strong body.Regular exercise is an important part of keeping me healthy. What's more,I think friends are an important part of one's health.4 I always feel better when I am with friends than when I am alone.When I am with my friends,I always laugh.Laughing is also an important part of health.It is good to stay with my friends. By eating properly and exercising regularly,I can keep my body at a proper weight and keep healthy.By spending time with my friends,I can keep my mind as well as my body happy.These things sound easy to do,but not many people can manage them.5 A.I think a strong will is necessary if we want to keep healthy. B.But if our health is taken away,it is certain that we will surely die. C.I eat a lot of vegetables and fresh fruit which are full of vitamins. D.There are some people who like staying alone,but they keep healthy. E.Many studies show that people with a range of social contacts are less likely to get sick. F.On the other hand,doing exercise is very important. G.Some people appear fat because they often eat too much. 答案1B2.C3.F4.E5.A
答案 D 解析词义猜测题。根据前半句“And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions”可知,现有的研究认为:你应该避免和体重 较重、点大份饭菜的人一起吃饭。后半句认为,你真正应该避免的是“the beanpoles with big appetites”。由 contrary to 可推断出,画线词和 heavier people 相反,结合选项,D 选项(瘦瘦高高 的人)正好和 heavier people 相反。故选 D 项。 7.Why did the researchers hire the actor? A.To see how she would affect the participants. B.To test if the participants could recognise her. C.To find out what she would do in the two tests. D.To study why she could keep her weight down. 答案 A 解析推理判断题。根据第二段中的“To test the effect of social influence on eating habits,the researchers conducted two experiments.”可知,为了测试社会影响对饮食习惯的影响,研究人员 进行了两个实验。根据倒数第三段的内容可知,在两个实验中,胖的和瘦的演员都吃了大量的 食物。参与者也照做,吃的食物比平常多。 然而,当演员是瘦的的时候,参与者们服用的食物 更多。由此推断,研究人员雇用演员是为了看看她如何影响参与者。故选 A 项。 8.On what basis do we “adjust the influence” according to the last paragraph? A.How hungry we are. B.How slim we want to be. C.How we perceive others. D.How we feel about the food. 答案 C 解析推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“If an overweight person is having a large portion,I’ll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits.But if a thin person eats a lot,I’ll follow suit.If he can eat much and keep slim,why can’t I?”可知,如果我看到一个超重的人吃了 很大一份,我会忍住一点,因为我看到了他的饮食习惯带来的后果。但如果一个瘦的人吃很 多,我会跟着做。如果他吃得多,却又能保持苗条,为什么我不能呢?因此推断我们是根据我们 对他人的看法(即:如何看待他人)来调整影响的。故选 C 项。 五、七选五阅读理解 Health is the most important thing in the world.Nothing is more important than health.If one takes away our money,houses,cars,or even our clothes,we can still survive. 1 That is why we always try to eat in a healthy way and exercise regularly. How can we keep healthy?In order to eat healthily,I usually avoid eating food high in fat,like French fries or cookies,which are junk foods.Besides,I only eat a little meat. 2 3 Taking exercise every day helps us build a strong body.Regular exercise is an important part of keeping me healthy. What’s more,I think friends are an important part of one’s health. 4 I always feel better when I am with friends than when I am alone.When I am with my friends,I always laugh.Laughing is also an important part of health.It is good to stay with my friends. By eating properly and exercising regularly,I can keep my body at a proper weight and keep healthy.By spending time with my friends,I can keep my mind as well as my body happy.These things sound easy to do,but not many people can manage them. 5 A.I think a strong will is necessary if we want to keep healthy. B.But if our health is taken away,it is certain that we will surely die. C.I eat a lot of vegetables and fresh fruit which are full of vitamins. D.There are some people who like staying alone,but they keep healthy. E.Many studies show that people with a range of social contacts are less likely to get sick. F.On the other hand,doing exercise is very important. G.Some people appear fat because they often eat too much. 答案 1.B 2.C 3.F 4.E 5.A