
第12章 免疫预防与治疗 Immunoprophylaxis Immunotherapy 温州医学院检验医学院 临床免疫学检验教研室 郑晓群
第12章 免疫预防与治疗 Immunoprophylaxis & Immunotherapy 温州医学院检验医学院 临床免疫学检验教研室 郑晓群

Edward Jenner Louis Pasteur Jenner和Pasteur,著名的免疫学家,公认为 免疫接种和主动免疫的先驱
Edward Jenner Louis Pasteur Jenner 和 Pasteur , 著名的免疫学家,公认为 免疫接种和主动免疫的先驱

爱德华琴纳和牛痘苗的发明 1796年5月14日,琴纳成功地完成了一次举 世闻名的实验。他把青年挤奶女工手上感染的 牛痘浆给1名8岁男孩接种于左臂。接种后孩子 感染良好,种痘部位出了牛痘,结痂留下瘢痕。 同年7月1日(接种后第七周),他在这个男孩 右臂接种天花脓疱液后,未发生天花,从而证 实中痘能预防天花
爱德华·琴纳和牛痘苗的发明 1796年5月14日,琴纳成功地完成了一次举 世闻名的实验。他把青年挤奶女工手上感染的 牛痘浆给1名8岁男孩接种于左臂。接种后孩子 感染良好,种痘部位出了牛痘,结痂留下瘢痕。 同年7月1日(接种后第七周),他在这个男孩 右臂接种天花脓疱液后,未发生天花,从而证 实中痘能预防天花

Edward Jenner在进行免疫接种
Edward Jenner 在进行免疫接种

免疫接种的里程碑Milestones in immunization 3000BC ★1700AC 埃及鼻吸粉状天花痂 “天花接种传入英国,后传入美国 (sniffing powdered small pox crust ★2000BC ★1780AC 中国鼻吸天花痂(Sniffing `Edward Jenner发现天花疫苗 of small pox crust) ★1500BC ★1885AC 米 天花接种传入土耳其 asteur发现狂犬病减毒疫苗 rabies attenuated vaccine)
免疫接种的里程碑 Milestones in immunization 3000BC 2000BC 1500BC 1700AC 1780AC 1885AC *埃及鼻吸粉状天花痂 (sniffing powdered small pox crust ) *中国鼻吸天花痂 ( Sniffing of small pox crust ) *天花接种传入土耳其 *天花接种传入英国,后传入美国 *Edward Jenner 发现天花疫苗 * Pasteur 发现狂犬病减毒疫苗 ( rabies attenuated vaccine)

PAST SUCCESSES SMALLPOX (Variola) 天花病毒 The mummified head of Ramses V Smallpox virus (died 1157 BCE)with rash that is probably the result of smallpox
天花病毒 Smallpox virus The mummified head of Ramses V (died 1157 BCE) with rash that is probably the result of smallpox PAST SUCCESSES SMALLPOX (Variola)

The last known person in the world to have smallpox of any kind.Variola minor in 23-year-old Ali Maow Maalin,Merka,Somalia The last case of natural smallpox in U.K.occurred in the 1930s; the last in U.S.A.was in the 1940s.The last natural case in the world was in Somalia and occurred in October 1977
The last known person in the world to have smallpox of any kind. Variola minor in 23-year-old Ali Maow Maalin, Merka, Somalia The last case of natural smallpox in U.K. occurred in the 1930s; the last in U.S.A. was in the 1940s. The last natural case in the world was in Somalia and occurred in October 1977

This ufvaccinated Anfant shows the distincove smalpox eruptor. Fhioin Farur st al Sg 患天花的小儿(Infant with smallpox) 1979年WHO宣布在全球范围内消灭了天花病毒
患天花的小儿 (Infant with smallpox) 1979年WHO宣布在全球范围内消灭了天花病毒

天花免疫预防成功的原因 一种天花血清型 没有动物感染源和病毒储存的场所 亚临床症状极少 终生免疫 明显症状出现前没有传染性 疫苗效果显著 政府承担主要的义务
一种天花血清型 没有动物感染源和病毒储存的场所 亚临床症状极少 终生免疫 明显症状出现前没有传染性 疫苗效果显著 政府承担主要的义务 天花免疫预防成功的原因

脊髓灰质炎病毒POLI1O In western countries polio is no longer a problem but it is still a major problem in less developed countries though some have had very major successes e.g.Cuba Nicaragua.The wild type (non-vaccine)strain of polio has recently been declared to be wiped out from the Western Hemisphere. Polio Virus
In western countries polio is no longer a problem but it is still a major problem in less developed countries though some have had very major successes e.g. Cuba, Nicaragua . The wild type (non-vaccine) strain of polio has recently been declared to be wiped out from the Western Hemisphere. Polio Virus 脊髓灰质炎病毒POLIO