基础英语A 综合教程Book1Unit5 Unit 5AIDS Teaching Aims: In this unit students arerequired to: 1.Practice reading strategies such as predicting,skimming,guessing, etc 2.Grasp some new words and expressions to enrich student's vocabulary; 3.Do some oral work such as pre-reading questions,role play and interaction activities to help to develop the students'oral communicative abilities: 4.Appreciate and learn some writing skills in the retelling of Text Iand practice it along with translation; 5.Get to know some informationabout AIDS; 6.Do some other after-class exercise including listening and reading to improve students'comprehensive skills
基础英语 A 综合教程 Book 1 Unit 5 1 Unit 5 AIDS Teaching Aims: In this unit students are required to: 1. Practice reading strategies such as predicting, skimming, guessing, etc. 2. Grasp some new words and expressions to enrich student’s vocabulary; 3. Do some oral work such as pre-reading questions, role play and interaction activities to help to develop the students’ oral communicative abilities; 4. Appreciate and learn some writing skills in the retelling of Text I and practice it along with translation; 5. Get to know some information about AIDS; 6. Do some other after-class exercise including listening and reading to improve students’ comprehensive skills
基础英语A 综合教程Book1Unm5 Unit 5AIDS-1 Time table- 100 minutes Stages Contents Objectives Activities Time Morning report News report Get to know the world 5 mins around them Recitation Unit4 text 1 Consolidate the words and 15 mins practice speaking Retelling Unit 4 text 2 Checking reading 15 mins comprehension HW comments Unit 3 translation On language accuracy 15 mins Break Reading 1 Lead-in questions: Prepare the students for the Question 15 mins Pre-stage brainstorm of AlDs coming topic and answer While-and Skimm Get to know the general Individual post-stage din ext an PB comprehension Qs vords related to AlDS Homework Work on the vocab For better comprehending 5mins by themselves of the text on linguistic level Morning report Review 1 Recitation 2 Retelling 3 HW comments Pre-reading 1 What is AlDS? Cultural background Acquired Immunodeficiency免疫缺陷Syndrome综合病症(ADS,a human viral disease ravages distroy the immune system,undermining the body's ability to defend itself from infection and disease.Caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV),AIDS leaves an infected person vulnerable to opportunistic infections.Such infections are harmless in healthy pho whon have been gt weakened they can pove fita e is no cure for AIDS new rugsare available e that can prolong the life spans and mprove the quality of life of infected people. 2 Brainstorm the words related to AIDS by individuals.2 mins 3 Pairs share their understanding aboutAIDS.3 mins 4 Students write the words on the board and explain why they think so. 5 mins While-reading 1 Students skim text 2 for the information of AIDS. 10 mins 2 Work on the main perspectives ofAlDS mentioned. 30 mins
基础英语 A 综合教程 Book 1 Unit 5 2 Unit 5 AIDS - 1 Time table - 100 minutes Stages Contents Objectives Activities Time Morning report News report Get to know the world around them 5 mins Recitation Unit 4 text 1 Consolidate the words and practice speaking 15 mins Retelling Unit 4 text 2 Checking reading comprehension 15 mins HW comments Unit 3 translation On language accuracy 15 mins Break Reading 1 Pre-stage Lead-in questions: brainstorm of AIDS Prepare the students for the coming topic Question and answer 15 mins While- and post-stage Skimming and scanning Reading comprehension Qs Get to know the general idea of the text and the words related to AIDS Individual & PB 30mins Homework Work on the vocab by themselves For better comprehending of the text on linguistic level 5 mins Morning report Review 1 Recitation 2 Retelling 3 HW comments Pre-reading 1 What is AIDS? Cultural background Acquired Immunodeficiency 免疫缺陷 Syndrome 综合病症 (AIDS), a human viral disease, ravages / distroy the immune system, undermining the body’s ability to defend itself from infection and disease. Caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), AIDS leaves an infected person vulnerable to opportunistic infections. Such infections are harmless in healthy people, but in those whose immune systems have been greatly weakened, they can prove fatal. Although there is no cure for AIDS, new drugs are available that can prolong the life spans and improve the quality of life of infected people. 2 Brainstorm the words related to AIDS by individuals. 2 mins 3 Pairs share their understanding about AIDS. 3 mins 4 Students write the words on the board and explain why they think so. 5 mins While-reading 1 Students skim text 2 for the information of AIDS. 10 mins 2 Work on the main perspectives of AIDS mentioned. 30 mins
基础英语A 综合教程Book1Uni5 Unit 5AIDS-2 Time table-100 minutes Stages Contents Objectives Aetivities Time Morning report News report Get to the world around mins Lead-in Words related to To get students 10 mins AIDS emotionally involved in the topis Post-reading Text 2 Knowledge about AIDS GW 35 mins Break Main idea Summarize ability 5 mins Text I Text Comprehension Checking students' O&A 30 mins anderstanding of the tex Post-reading scanning Get to know the genera Individua 10 mins idea of the text and the words related to AIDS Categorize the words Vocab learning PW 5 mins Homework Morning report Text2 1 Students continue their list of words related toAIDS 10 mins 2 Students work in groups to figuer out the questions related to the text.5 mins 3 Group report. 30 mins Q1 What is AIDS?What is HIV? Abriviation for"Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome." HIV Virus destroys/impairs immune (What is it?)system of human beings,it leaves the victims susceptible to various infections.How ?para 6 Q2 How AIDS is identified? When? 1981 Where? InAmerica Who? 189.65000. Origine?Uncertain,Africa,apes 3
基础英语 A 综合教程 Book 1 Unit 5 3 Unit 5 AIDS - 2 Time table - 100 minutes Stages Contents Objectives Activities Time Morning report News report Get to the world around them 5 mins Lead-in Words related to AIDS To get students emotionally involved in the topis 10 mins Post-reading Text 2 Knowledge about AIDS GW 35 mins Break Text 1 Post-reading Main idea Summarize ability 5 mins Text Comprehension Checking students’ understanding of the text Q & A 30 mins scanning Get to know the general idea of the text and the words related to AIDS Individual 10 mins Categorize the words Vocab learning PW 5 mins Homework Suplemetary reading materials Morning report Text 2 1 Students continue their list of words related to AIDS. 10 mins 2 Students work in groups to figuer out the questions related to the text. 5 mins 3 Group report. 30 mins Q1 What is AIDS? What is HIV? Abriviation for “Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.” HIV Virus destroys / impairs immune (What is it?) system of human beings, it leaves the victims susceptible to various infections. How ? + para 6 Q2 How AIDS is identified? When? 1981, Where? In America Who? 189, 65000, Origine? Uncertain, Africa, apes
基础英语A 综合教程Book1Unm5 Q3 How does HIV spread?Who are easily infected? Spreaded via body fluids: blood,semen,tears,saliva,breast milk How is transmitted through .Sex interaction Blood transfusion Needle shareing People who are easily infected Male homosexual (a gay man or a lesbian) Drug taker Hemophiliacs Partnersof HIVcarrier Childre of HIV carriers Q4 What are the symptoms ofAIDS?How long it will take forAIDS to fully manifest itself? Fever fatigue weight loss skin rashes thrush lack of resistance to infection swollen lymph nodes 1-2 years→20 years Students may ask questions related to the text if any Text1 1 Students summarize the main idea of the text 1. The text relates story unforgettable personal experiences of the writer's.It tellsu how David,the writer's best friend,suffered from AlDS,what attitude the writer took towards David,and how much concern he showed to David,i.e how he helped David deal with AIDS. Work on the text comprehension questions on Page68 from I to Ill students work in pairs to pick out the words and phrases related to AlDS from text 1. and categorize them into the word list of fellings,actions and symptoms ete
基础英语 A 综合教程 Book 1 Unit 5 4 Q3 How does HIV spread? Who are easily infected? Spreaded via body fluids: blood, semen, tears, saliva, breast milk How is transmitted through Sex interaction Blood transfusion Needle shareing During delivery Via breast milk People who are easily infected Male homosexual (a gay man or a lesbian) Drug taker Hemophiliacs Partners of HIV carriers Childre of HIV carriers Q4 What are the symptoms of AIDS? How long it will take for AIDS to fully manifest itself? Fever fatigue weight loss skin rashes thrush lack of resistance to infection swollen lymph nodes 1 – 2 years → 20 years Students may ask questions related to the text if any. Text 1 1 Students summarize the main idea of the text 1. The text relates a true story — unforgettable personal experiences of the writer’s. It tells us how David, the writer’s best friend, suffered from AIDS, what attitude the writer took towards David, and how much concern he showed to David, i.e. how he helped David deal with AIDS. 2 Work on the text comprehension questions on Page 68 from I to III. 3 students work in pairs to pick out the words and phrases related to AIDS from text 1. and categorize them into the word list of fellings, actions and symptoms etc
基础英语A 综合教程Book1Uni5 Unit 5AIDS-3 Time table-100 minutes Stages Contents Objectives Aetivities Time Morning report News report Get to the world around Individual mins them report Review Text 2 Review the knowledge of 10 mins AIDS Text 1 Structure analysis Understand how the story 10 mins Words and phrase Toget students practice the PW/ 25 mins from text 1 words and phrases learnt Individua on the topis report Break Gran P71 L IIL,IV Q&A 20 mins Exercises Vocab P69-71 1,II,III,V 30 mins Homework reading extensively on the net about the topic Morning report Review:Text 2 QI What is AIDS?What is HIV? Q2 How AIDS is identified? Q3 How does HIV spread?Who are easily infected? Q4 What are the symptoms ofAIDS?How long it will take for AIDS to fully manifest itself? Text 1:Structural analysis Paragraph1 This part ndi tes the beneficial result from dealing with AIDS and makes clear the exact date when the word AIDS came into the writer'slife. Paragraphs 2-4 This part tells about how the writer knew and felt about his best friend's disease and how others Paragraphs 5-7 This part tells us that the writer kept an active and positive attitude for the sake of his friend David 5
基础英语 A 综合教程 Book 1 Unit 5 5 Unit 5 AIDS - 3 Time table - 100 minutes Stages Contents Objectives Activities Time Morning report News report Get to the world around them Individual report 5 mins Review Text 2 Review the knowledge of AIDS 10 mins Text 1 Structure analysis Understand how the story is constructed 10 mins Words and phrases from text 1 To get students practice the words and phrases learnt on the topis PW / Individual report 25 mins Break Exercises Gram P71 I, III, IV Q & A 20 mins Vocab P69-71 I, II, III, V 30 mins Homework reading extensively on the net about the topic Morning report Review : Text 2 Q1 What is AIDS? What is HIV? Q2 How AIDS is identified? Q3 How does HIV spread? Who are easily infected? Q4 What are the symptoms of AIDS? How long it will take for AIDS to fully manifest itself? Text 1 : Structural analysis Paragraph 1 This part indicates the beneficial result from dealing with AIDS and makes clear the exact date when the word AIDS came into the writer’s life. Paragraphs 2–4 This part tells about how the writer knew and felt about his best friend’s disease and how others responded to the disease. Paragraphs 5–7 This part tells us that the writer kept an active and positive attitude for the sake of his friend David
基础英语A 综合教程Book1Unm5 and showed great concern to him. Paragraph 8 This part points out the specific date that marked the end of David's life,describes the writer's emotions towards David's death,and informs us how the writer keeps his friend's memory alive. students retell parts of the text 1 according to the word list they have. Text1:Words 1 strengthen v.:to become stronger or make something stronge The iversity hopes to its tiesith the local commit 2 bond n.:something that unites twor more people or groups,such as love.or a shared interest or idea友谊的联结，家族的联结 Over the vears they had developed deep bonds of friendship )the emotional bond between mother and child 2)the United States'special bond with Britain 3)lifelong bonds of family and friendship 3 carefree adj.having no worries or problems He thought back to the carefree days of his childhood. careless not paying enough attention to what you are doing so that you make mistakes,damage things lehthcearte过cherflandnotwormiodaboutanthing Antonym:care-laden,anxiety-ridden 4 invineible adj.too strong to be destoyed or defeated Young athletes think of themselves as invincible He has an invincible belief in his own ability.他对自己的能力坚信不移。 The team seemed invincible.这个队似乎战无不胜。 麻烦苦恼灾 The plague caused 100.000 deaths in London alone in the 1600s. a plague of locusts蝗虫灾害 6
基础英语 A 综合教程 Book 1 Unit 5 6 and showed great concern to him. Paragraph 8 This part points out the specific date that marked the end of David’s life, describes the writer’s emotions towards David’s death, and informs us how the writer keeps his friend’s memory alive. * students retell parts of the text 1 according to the word list they have. Text 1 : Words 1 strengthen v.: to become stronger or make something stronger The university hopes to strengthen its ties with the local community. 2 bond n. : something that unites two or more people or groups, such as love, or a shared interest or idea 友谊的联结，家族的联结 Over the years they had developed deep bonds of friendship 1) the emotional bond between mother and child 2) the United States’ special bond with Britain 3) lifelong bonds of family and friendship 3 carefree adj. having no worries or problems He thought back to the carefree days of his childhood. careless: not paying enough attention to what you are doing, so that you make mistakes, damage things light-hearted: cheerful and not worried about anything Antonym: care-laden, anxiety-ridden 4 invincible adj. too strong to be destroyed or defeated Young athletes think of themselves as invincible. He has an invincible belief in his own ability. 他对自己的能力坚信不移。 The team seemed invincible. 这个队似乎战无不胜。 4 plague n. a disease that causes death and spreads quickly to a large number of people 瘟疫, 麻烦, 苦恼, 灾祸 The plague caused 100,000 deaths in London alone in the 1600s. a plague of locusts 蝗虫灾害
基础英语A 综合教程Book1Unm5 .to cause pain,suffering.or trouble to someone,especially for a long time Runaway inflation further plagued the wage-earners.失控的通货膨胀加深了工薪阶层的痛苦。 be plagued by/with something plague somebody with somcthing 5 stress n.contimous feelings of worry about your work or personal life.that prevemt you from relaxing Your headaches are due to stress. Worry over his job and his wife's health put him under a great stress.由于t忧虑自己的工f作及妻 子的健康，他压力很大。 6 lesion n.damage to someone's skin or part of their body such as their stomach or brain. caused by injury or illness感染性的皮肤：一块感染或患病的皮肤 It took several months for his lesions to heal. wound an injury to your body that is made by a weapon such as a knifeor a bullet hurt:a feeling of great unhappiness because someone.especially someone you trust,has treated you badly or unfairly injury damage to part of your body caused by an accident or attack )The pilot was treated for suspected internal injuries 2)Several of the victims suffered severe stab wounds 7 outlook n.:a general atitude tolife and the world景色.风光视，点见解展望前景 Exercise will improve your looks and your outlook a view from a particular place The room has a very pleasing outlook from the bedroom window. what is expected to happen in the future The outlookfor sufferers from this disease is bleak没有指望的：使人沮的： 8 grateful ad.feeling that you want to thank someone because of something kind that they have done,or showing this feeling I'm so grateful for all your help Iam very grateful toall those who took the ouble towrite to me be grateful for sth to sb
基础英语 A 综合教程 Book 1 Unit 5 7 v. to cause pain, suffering, or trouble to someone, especially for a long time Financial problems continued to plague the company. Runaway inflation further plagued the wage-earners. 失控的通货膨胀加深了工薪阶层的痛苦。 be plagued by/with something plague somebody with something 5 stress n. continuous feelings of worry about your work or personal life, that prevent you from relaxing Your headaches are due to stress. Worry over his job and his wife’s health put him under a great stress. 由于忧虑自己的工作及妻 子的健康，他压力很大。 6 lesion n. damage to someone’s skin or part of their body such as their stomach or brain, caused by injury or illness 感染性的皮肤：一块感染或患病的皮肤 It took several months for his lesions to heal. wound: an injury to your body that is made by a weapon such as a knife or a bullet hurt: a feeling of great unhappiness because someone, especially someone you trust, has treated you badly or unfairly injury: damage to part of your body caused by an accident or attack 1) The pilot was treated for suspected internal injuries . 2) Several of the victims suffered severe stab wounds 7 outlook n.: a general attitude to life and the world 景色, 风光, 观点, 见解, 展望, 前景 Exercise will improve your looks and your outlook. a view from a particular place The room has a very pleasing outlook from the bedroom window. what is expected to happen in the future The outlook for sufferers from this disease is bleak 没有指望的；使人沮丧的：. 8 grateful adj. feeling that you want to thank someone because of something kind that they have done, or showing this feeling I’m so grateful for all your help. I am very grateful to all those who took the trouble to write to me. be grateful for sth / to sb
基础英语A 综合教程Book1Unm5 text 1:Phrases: l.live it(ife)up:to have a very enjoyable and exciting time快乐地过日子 Jerry spent most of his time going to parties and living it up.杰瑞大部分的大学时光都 消磨在聚会上，肆意作乐。 hgup:tondhn cally银火n地的t putting the telephone down Linda as furious and hung up on him 3.hangout:to spend a lot of time in a particular place or with particular people Where do the youngsters hang out? I dont really know who she hangs out with. hang back to stay a short distance away from someone or something.and not go too near them hang on:to depend on something 1)Instinctively he hung back in the shelter of a rock. 2)There were alw 3)Everythinshofbystheur outcome of this meeting 4.break down 1)to lose control ofone's feelings 2)to cease to use of a me echanical fault The printing machines are abways breaking dow break away:to leave a group or political party and form another group,usually because of a disagreement reak off to suddenly stop talking break up if something breaks up,or if you break it up,it breaks into a lot of small pieces 1)Someone broke into my car and stole the radio. 2)More than 30 Labor MPs broke away to form a newleft-wing party 3)She started to speak,then broke off whilea waitress served us coffe 4)It seems that the plane just broke up in the air 5.turn one's back on somebody:to go away from somebody or refuse to be with somebody In his twenties he turned his back on his Catholic faith.他在二十几岁时不再信仰天主教。 She turned her backon them when they needed her.他们需要她的时候，她却背弃了他们 6.stick it out:to continue doing something to the end,even when it is difficult or boring She didn't like the course but she stuck it out to get the certificate.她并不喜欢这门课，但为了 拿证书还是耐着性子学完了。 8
基础英语 A 综合教程 Book 1 Unit 5 8 text 1 : Phrases: 1. live it (life) up: to have a very enjoyable and exciting time 快乐地过日子 Jerry spent most of his time at college going to parties and living it up.杰瑞大部分的大学时光都 消磨在聚会上，肆意作乐。 2. hang up: to end a telephone call by suddenly and unexpectedly putting the telephone down Linda was furious and hung up on him. 琳达很恼火，挂断了他的电话。 3. hang out: to spend a lot of time in a particular place or with particular people Where do the youngsters hang out? I don’t really know who she hangs out with. hang about: to move slowly or take too long doing something hang back: to stay a short distance away from someone or something, and not go too near them hang on: to depend on something 1) Instinctively he hung back in the shelter of a rock. 2) There were always groups of boys hanging about in the square. 3) Everything hangs on the outcome of this meeting. 4. break down 1) to lose control of one’s feelings He broke down and wept when he heard the news. 2) to cease to function because of a mechanical or electrical fault The printing machines are always breaking down. break away: to leave a group or political party and form another group, usually because of a disagreement break into: to enter a building by using force, in order to steal something break off: to suddenly stop talking break up: if something breaks up, or if you break it up, it breaks into a lot of small pieces 1) Someone broke into my car and stole the radio. 2) More than 30 Labor MPs broke away to form a new left-wing party. 3) She started to speak, then broke off while a waitress served us coffee. 4) It seems that the plane just broke up in the air. 5. turn one’s back on somebody: to go away from somebody or refuse to be with somebody In his twenties he turned his back on his Catholic faith. 他在二十几岁时不再信仰天主教。 She turned her back on them when they needed her. 他们需要她的时候，她却背弃了他们。 6. stick it out: to continue doing something to the end, even when it is difficult or boring She didn’t like the course but she stuck it out to get the certificate. 她并不喜欢这门课，但为了 拿证书还是耐着性子学完了
基础英语A 综合教程Book1Unit5 wasn'tahappy period of his life,but he stuck ito那段时间他生活得不快乐，但还是挺 过来 7.go through:to experience or suffer something He's gone through twists and turnsall his life.他一生坎坷。 8.keep something in:to keep silent about They kept all she told them in for a long period of time. keep something down:to prevent the size.cost.or quantity of something from increasing or being to great keep something off to prevent something from touching or harming something keep something up to make something continue at its present level or amount,instead of letting it decrease 1)NATO kept up the pressure on the Serbsto get out of Kosovo 2)She held an old pie eof them to keep the rainoff 3)We need tok ts down 9.in a way:from a certain point of view In a way you'right.I suppose. in the wav if someone or something is in the way,they are blocking the space in fron of you and you cannot move forward in no way:used to emphasize that something is not true 1)His failure should in no way be seen as a defeat. 2)There was a big truck in the way. 10.hold in:to restrain emotions The man beat the table hard because he could not hold in his anger 11.foro's sake:in order to help,im rove,or please someone or something hope hes told theth for his on sak He moved to the seaside for the sake of his health for God's/Christ's/goodness/Heaven's sake For the,make sure that al the medicinesare kept away from children 为了安全，确保所有的药都放在孩子拿不到的地方
基础英语 A 综合教程 Book 1 Unit 5 9 It wasn’t a happy period of his life, but he stuck it out. 那段时间他生活得不快乐，但还是挺了 过来。 7. go through: to experience or suffer something He’s gone through twists and turns all his life. 他一生坎坷。 8. keep something in: to keep silent about They kept all she told them in for a long period of time. keep something down: to prevent the size, cost, or quantity of something from increasing or being too great keep something off: to prevent something from touching or harming something keep something up: to make something continue at its present level or amount, instead of letting it decrease 1) NATO kept up the pressure on the Serbs to get out of Kosovo. 2) She held an old piece of cloth over them to keep the rain off . 3) We need to keep costs down 9. in a way: from a certain point of view In a way you’re right, I suppose. in the way: if someone or something is in the way, they are blocking the space in front of you, and you cannot move forward in no way: used to emphasize that something is not true 1) His failure should in no way be seen as a defeat. 2) There was a big truck in the way. 10. hold in: to restrain emotions The man beat the table hard because he could not hold in his anger. 11. for one’s sake: in order to help, improve, or please someone or something I hope he’s told the truth for his own sake. He moved to the seaside for the sake of his health. for God’s/Christ’s/goodness’/Heaven’s sake For the sake of safety, make sure that all the medicines are kept away from children. 为了安全，确保所有的药都放在孩子拿不到的地方
基础英语A 综合教程Book1Unm5 Grammar point: 1.Some determiners'usage some,any As an assertive word,some is generally used in affirmative sentences,and any,which is a non-assertive word is generally used in negative or interrogative conditional negative implications When occurs in que sit is implied that the speaker expects an affirmative answer.When some is followed by a singular count noun,it means a certain. each.all.everv.anv a)Al/refers to the whole of three or more than three,while both refers to the whole of only two. b)We can use every and each to express the idea of每个”.Even Any refers to three or more than three people or things 2.Number forms ofthe material noun and the abstract noun that can be used either uncountably or countably,e.g sands/waters in the sense of"large expanse of sand or water'”. Number forms of the abstract noun Abstract nouns are mostly uncountable.They can't take such determiners forms.But there are a few abstract nouns that are countable like individual nouns,e.g.a victory, two victories. 3.Collocation ofpreposition with adjectives,verbs and nouns Prepositionsafter adjectives Adjectives can collocate with propositions to form adjective phrases.Some adjectives can only be followed by specific propositions,.for example,rich in,intenton抱定决心要实行，etc. locations of propositions with verbs fall into verb+preposition.e.g.prevail on,appeal to.apply for,etc. verb+object+preposition,e.g.exclude.from,takefor,etc. verb+adverb particle+preposition,e.g.break in on,come up against,hold ou on getith
基础英语 A 综合教程 Book 1 Unit 5 10 Grammar point: 1. Some determiners’ usage some, any As an assertive word, some is generally used in affirmative sentences, and any, which is a non-assertive word, is generally used in negative or interrogative sentences, in conditional sentences or in sentences with negative implications. When some occurs in questions, it is implied that the speaker expects an affirmative answer. When some is followed by a singular count noun, it means a certain. each, all, every, any All the items in this group can function both as determiners and as indefinite pronouns with the exception of every which is a determiner only. a) All refers to the whole of three or more than three, while both refers to the whole of only two. b) We can use every and each to express the idea of “每个”. Every can’t be used to speak of only two people or things. c) We can use any to express the idea of “任何一个”. Any refers to three or more than three people or things. 2. Number forms of the material noun and the abstract noun Number forms of the material noun Material nouns are generally uncountable and have no plural forms. But there are some such items that can be used either uncountably or countably, e.g. sands/waters in the sense of “large expanse of sand or water”. Number forms of the abstract noun Abstract nouns are mostly uncountable. They can’t take such determiners as a(n), one or plural forms. But there are a few abstract nouns that are countable like individual nouns, e.g. a victory, two victories. 3. Collocation of preposition with adjectives, verbs and nouns Prepositions after adjectives Adjectives can collocate with propositions to form adjective phrases. Some adjectives can only be followed by specific propositions, for example, rich in, intent on 抱定决心要实行, etc. Prepositions after verbs Collocations of propositions with verbs fall into: verb + preposition, e.g. prevail on, appeal to, apply for, etc. verb + object + preposition, e.g. exclude . from, take . for, etc. verb + adverb particle + preposition, e.g. break in on, come up against, hold out on, get off with