浙江广播电视大学 文本 教学辅导4_变化中的英语

浙江广播电视大学 英语专业（开放本科） 《变化中的英语》教学辅导4 1.Summaries of Unit Obiectives UNIT TITLE OBJECTΠVES: -at the completion of the Unit you should be able to do these things,or do them better. 7 Emerging New .Understand the current,and at present unresolved. Englishes:a focus debate about whether local standards are varieties. for debate requiring recognition,or are,essentially,new languages Know how this debate bears on a number of questions includ ing 1)the purposes which leamners have for additional or an auxiliary language 2)the practicalities of teaching an auxiliary language to very large numbers of leamers 3)3 the role of Standard English as a nom and as a target understand why the position of Standard English is controversial,important,and almost certainly, mportant to you p312 English in a .Summarise,in English,what you have gained Shrinking World from studying this course Frame what seem to you the most interesting questions about the present and immediate future role of Englih Suggest some possible directions of development and some areas where the importance of English shows signs of diminishing .Appreciate views on these topics differing from your own p.360 2.Summaries by Unit and Activity U-7.EMERGING NEW ENGLISHES:A FORUM FOR DEBATE Activityl pages 312-324 What is meant by emerging New Englishes and New Standards? The summary takes the form of Steven's draft letter,on pages 322-323 Where local written standards are emerging in use this question may arise

1 浙江广播电视大学 英语专业(开放本科) 《变化中的英语》教学辅导 4 1. Summaries of Unit Objectives UNIT TITLE OBJECTIVES; -at the completion of the Unit you should be able to do these things, or do them better: 7 Emerging New Englishes: a focus for debate • Understand the current, and at present unresolved , debate about whether local standards are varieties , requiring recognition, or are , essentially, new languages • Know how this debate bears on a number of questions including 1) the purposes which learners have for additional or an auxiliary language 2) the practicalities of teaching an auxiliary language to very large numbers of learners 3) 3 the role of Standard English as a nom and as a target • understand why the position of Standard English is controversial, important, and almost certainly, important to you p 312 8 English in a Shrinking World • Summarise, in English, what you have gained from studying this course • Frame what seem to you the most interesting questions about the present and immediate future role of English • Suggest some possible directions of development and some areas where the importance of English shows signs of diminishing • Appreciate views on these topics differing from your own p.360 2. Summaries by Unit and Activity U-7. EMERGING NEW ENGLISHES; A FORUM FOR DEBATE Activity1 pages 312-324 What is meant by emerging New Englishes and New Standards ? The summary takes the form of Steven’s draft letter, on pages 322-323 Where local written standards are emerging in use this question may arise

It isn't should they be used but should they be taught in the educational system? Advantages: a)Local Standards are easier and quicker to leam -so more leamers will succeed language. b)They are useful where there are many languages in use and no common c) only a minority of people need a language for intemational use. Disadvantages a)Local standards change quickly and are not well regarded intemationally b)B)Ifthey are used intemationally,they don't do justice to the speaker or his ideas. c)Local standards are emerging and changing.so there may not be enough suitable teachers or teaching materials The advantages of teaching an intemational Standard are a)Standard English is stable and has prestige world-wide b)lt opens up an enormous quantity of literature on all topics and increasingly,makes electronically stored material available Disadvantages a)it takes longer to leam than the local Standard b)b)fewer people will I succeed Standard English offers much more in retrn and is the best choice except where the need for a common language has to come before everything else.This is not the case in Hong Kong Activity 2 pages 324-336 Intemationalvoices in English 0 The interational use of'English means there can be an intemational literature written in one part of the English -using world and available everywhere that English is used. 0 New Englishes developed and used in one region,but widely understood have a role in this literature.They can make possible an imaginative understanding of what it is like to live in that place and share its culture ) Anyone who has English as an additional language can have an English voice in addition to the voice that belongs to the mother tongue and its culture w) That user can now reach very scattered,varied and distant readers.It is much easier to do this than people think-provided you are not too ambitious at the start Activity 3 pages 336-348 Emerging Englishes Emerging Englishes having their own Standards,and different from those of Standard British or American English are the subject of continuing debate

2 It isn’t should they be used ? but should they be taught in the educational system? Advantages: a) Local Standards are easier and quicker to learn –so more learners will succeed language. b) They are useful where there are many languages in use and no common c) only a minority of people need a language for international use. Disadvantages a) Local standards change quickly and are not well regarded internationally b) B) If they are used internationally , they don’t do justice to the speaker or his ideas. c) Local standards are emerging and changing, so there may not be enough suitable teachers or teaching materials . The advantages of teaching an international Standard are a) Standard English is stable and has prestige world-wide b)It opens up an enormous quantity of literature on all topics and increasingly, makes electronically stored material available Disadvantages a) it takes longer to learn than the local Standard b) b) fewer people will l succeed Standard English offers much more in return and is the best choice except where the need for a common language has to come before everything else. This is not the case in Hong Kong Activity 2 pages 324-336 International voices in English i) The international use of English means there can be an international literature written in one part of the English –using world and available everywhere that English is used. ii) New Englishes developed and used in one region, but widely understood have a role in this literature .They can make possible an imaginative understanding of what it is like to live in that place and share its culture iii) Anyone who has English as an additional language can have an English voice in addition to the voice that belongs to the mother tongue and its culture . iv) That user can now reach very scattered, varied and distant readers . It is much easier to do this than people think – provided you are not too ambitious at the start ! Activity 3 pages 336-348 Emerging Englishes i) Emerging Englishes having their own Standards, and different from those of Standard British or American English are the subject of continuing debate

The debate is represented by two major statements of opposing views,those of Randolph Quirk and Braj Kachru. m) Some major questions are these:Should new Standards be taught and leamed and become recognised and official?Can they have similar status and prestige to Standard British and American English?Four questions go with this one. a)What sort of knowledge of English should teachers have? b)Are different targets suitable to different leamers How should teachers treat errors that appear in leamers'work? d) How far can we know in advance what use leamers will make of their English? Activity 4 pages 349-356 Some practical applications 1.High level academic debate should inform decision-making 2.In this debate both sides are concemed with satisfactory leaming experience 3,All larning is associnted with opportunity cost Languaage leaming represents a big investmentof time and effort by individuals and by the society of which they are part U-8:ENGLISH IN A SHRINKING WORLD Activityl pages360-370 Challenges for English and challenges for you 0 Some ideas associated with recent developments in communication have a long history 可 Rapid communication and everything it makes possible,is unevenly d istributed ) Most of what its development offers is available to rich and privileged societies and individuals iv) The number of those who have access to at least some sorts of rapid communication is increasing all the time The development of rapid communication brings benefits but it creates problems and difficulties too. Activity 2 pages 371-382 Why English in a shrinking world i)English is sometimes thought to be an especially suitable language for intemational use on fingmisnc grounds The three reasons are -It is easier than other languages to leam -It is musical and exact enough to make people want to leam it -It opens up an especially rich and various culture 3

3 ii) The debate is represented by two major statements of opposing views, those of Randolph Quirk and Braj Kachru. iii) Some major questions are these : Should new Standards be taught and learned and become recognised and official? Can they have similar status and prestige to Standard British and American English? Four questions go with this one. a) What sort of knowledge of English should teachers have? b) Are different targets suitable to different learners ? c) How should teachers treat errors that appear in learners’ work? d) How far can we know in advance what use learners will make of their English? Activity 4 pages 349-356 Some practical applications 1, High level academic debate should inform decision –making 2, In this debate both sides are concerned with satisfactory learning experience 3, All learning is associated with opportunity cost Language learning represents a big investment of time and effort by individuals and by the society of which they are part U-8: ENGLISH IN A SHRINKING WORLD Activity1 pages360-370 Challenges for English and challenges for you i) Some ideas associated with recent developments in communication have a long history ii) Rapid communication and everything it makes possible , is unevenly distributed iii) Most of what its development offers is available to rich and privileged societies and individuals iv) The number of those who have access to at least some sorts of rapid communication is increasing all the time v) The development of rapid communication brings benefits but it creates problems and difficulties too. Activity 2 pages 371-382 Why English in a shrinking world ? i)English is sometimes thought to be an especially suitable language for international use on linguistic grounds The three reasons are -It is easier than other languages to learn -It is musical and exact enough to make people want to learn it -It opens up an especially rich and various culture

n)English is seen as a threat to natonal languages and so as a threat to national identines ii)By cultral imperialism is meant the spread to other places ofproducts and cultural ideas that are associated with English Activity 3 pages381-386 Language learning and decision-making 0 We need to distinguish between becoming more proficient in English and knowing more about English .The beginning and intermediate stages of leaming are rightly concemed almost entirely with the first.Advanced courses may be concemed with both at the same time. 可 Knowing about English gives you a different.and brooder perspective on language,on the learning process,and on a wide range of topics and activities 1】 Ifyou have information about language and the language leamning process you can make principled decisions on a number of language-related subjects,and you can.if you need to.defend those decisions .This is not important for everyone.but it is important for those concerned with educational decision-making,with interational business and communication,and with intemational academic exchange Activity 4 pages 395-404 Yomr changing English 0 Information about English and proficiency in English support and reinforce each other at advanced stages of leaming Information about English enables you to assess accurately situations in which communication is difficult to set realistic targets that can actually be attained within the limits of time available for yourself and other people to frame specific goals that enable you to make good use of your opportunities 的 revision of what you have leamned is obviously necessary for exams.but if you are a serious student not taking an exam,you still need to revise and consolidate what you have leamned. in)Traditional ways of studying for exams are effective and necessary There are altematives These are illustrated.Many people find them useful and by varying your approach you can put in more time with less fatigue 4

4 ii) English is seen as a threat to national languages and so as a threat to national identities iii) By cultural imperialism is meant the spread to other places of products and cultural ideas that are associated with English Activity 3 pages381-386 Language learning and decision –making i) We need to distinguish between becoming more proficient in English and knowing more about English .The beginning and intermediate stages of learning are rightly concerned almost entirely with the first. Advanced courses may be concerned with both at the same time. ii) Knowing about English gives you a different , and broader perspective on language , on the learning process , and on a wide range of topics and activities iii) If you have information about language and the language learning process you can make principled decisions on a number of language –related subjects, and you can , if you need to , defend those decisions .This is not important for everyone , but it is important for those concerned with educational decision-making , with international business and communication , and with international academic exchange Activity 4 pages 395-404 Your changing English i) Information about English and proficiency in English support and reinforce each other at advanced stages of learning Information about English enables you – to assess accurately situations in which communication is difficult - to set realistic targets that can actually be attained within the limits of time available for yourself and other people - to frame specific goals that enable you to make good use of your opportunities ii) revision of what you have learned is obviously necessary for exams , but if you are a serious student not taking an exam, you still need to revise and consolidate what you have learned . iii) Traditional ways of studying for exams are effective and necessary There are alternatives These are illustrated. Many people find them useful and by varying your approach you can put in more time with less fatigue

3.Questions with short answers Ten questions on each Activity,by Unit and Activity, with answers suggestions for their use. UNITSEVEN ACTIVITY ONE 7.1) Unit& Question Question Answer Activity Number Does the expanding circle of users of No 7.1 1 English include onh places that were never subject to British rule Who introduced the terms Inner,Outer Braj Kachru 7.1 2 and Expanding Circles of English users What is the usual abbreviations for First LI and L2 7.1 or native)language and second language Do students of EFL normally have 7.1 many opportunities of informal leaming No outside the classroom? Do students of ESL normally have 7.l 5 some opportunities of informal leaming Yes outside the classroom What terms are used for varieties of 71 6 English that develop rules of grammar New Englishes or and pronunciation different from those Emerging of the Inner Circle Englishes Are these varieties intemationally or Locally locally understood and accepted What term is used for the language of 7.1 leamers who have only a partial control Inter-language of the language？ Amy variety of English requires time and 7.1 9 effort from the leamer.What advantage Learning is does a leamer gain from studying a local quicker and casicr varety？ What is the disadvantage,again from the It is not very useful 7.1 10 leamer's viewpoint,of studying a local Outside his own variety locality UNITSEVEN ACTIVITY TWO 72) Unit& Ouestion Question Answer Activity Number This Activity is concemed with quite Literary or 72 1 different uses f English from those imaginative uses before and after it.What sort of uses Why should some people for whom 72 2 English is not the mother tongue should To reach an

5 3. Questions with short answers Ten questions on each Activity, by Unit and Activity, with answers suggestions for their use. UNIT SEVEN ACTIVITY ONE (7.1) Unit & Activity Question Number Question Answer 7.1 1 Does the expanding circle of users of English include only places that were never subject to British rule No 7.1 2 Who introduced the terms Inner, Outer and Expanding Circles of English users ? Braj Kachru 7.1 3 What is the usual abbreviations for First ( or native) language and second language L1 and L2 7.1 4 Do students of EFL normally have many opportunities of informal learning outside the classroom? No 7.1 5 Do students of ESL normally have some opportunities of informal learning outside the classroom Yes 7.1 6 What terms are used for varieties of English that develop rules of grammar and pronunciation different from those of the Inner Circle ? New Englishes or Emerging Englishes 7.1 7 Are these varieties internationally or locally understood and accepted ? Locally 7.1 8 What term is used for the language of learners who have only a partial control of the language ? Inter-language 7.1 9 Any variety of English requires time and effort from the learner . What advantage does a learner gain from studying a local variety ? Learning is quicker and easier 7.1 10 What is the disadvantage , again from the learner’s viewpoint , of studying a local variety ? It is not very useful Outside his own locality UNIT SEVEN ACTIVITY TWO (7.2) Unit & Activity Question Number Question Answer 7.2 1 This Activity is concerned with quite different uses f English from those before and after it . What sort of uses ? Literary or imaginative uses 7.2 2 Why should some people for whom English is not the mother tongue should To reach an

want to write in it intemational audience Has such writing been produced only in 72 3 the last few years No Can you give the name of an African Chinua Achebe 72 4 author who writes and publishes in English Edward Thumboo is a Singaporean who Catherine Lim 72 5 writes and publishes in English .Can you give another Does modem verse in English have to 72 6 thyme No In verse the rules for arranging words are 72 7 not so strict as they are in most kinds of prose.Can you give the name for this Poetic license kind of'freedom? What is the name of the English-based Tok Pisin 72 8 Creole that is the official language of Papua New Guinea? Is it readily understood by someone who 72 9 knows English？ No What new way of publishing has become The Web or The 72 10 available to writers only recenthy Intemet UNITSEVEN ACTIVITY THREE (7.3) Unit& Question Question Answer Activity Number Give the name of the joumal in which 73 1 statements of opposing views were published in 1991-2 English Today What English word can you use for a 73 2 statement made by somcone of the highest Authontative reputation? Braj Kachru was the author of one of the (Sir Randolph) 73 3 two papers .Who was the author of the Quirk other Did these two distinguished scholars take Different 73 4 the same view or different views of the topic? The term Liberation Linguistics is 7.3 5 associated with only one of these two authors Which author (Braj)Kachru The Quirk view the term Standard English 7.3 6 should be applied only to two varieties of English-British English is one.What is American English the other? Which of these two writers holds the view 7.3 that teachers should correct anything (Sir Randolph) 6

6 want to write in it ? international audience 7.2 3 Has such writing been produced only in the last few years ? No 7.2 4 Can you give the name of an African author who writes and publishes in English ? Chinua Achebe 7.2 5 Edward Thumboo is a Singaporean who writes and publishes in English .Can you give another ? Catherine Lim 7.2 6 Does modern verse in English have to rhyme ? No 7.2 7 In verse the rules for arranging words are not so strict as they are in most kinds of prose. Can you give the name for this kind of freedom ? Poetic license 7.2 8 What is the name of the English –based Creole that is the official language of Papua New Guinea? Tok Pisin 7.2 9 Is it readily understood by someone who knows English ? No 7.2 10 What new way of publishing has become available to writers only recently ? The Web.or The Internet UNIT SEVEN ACTIVITY THREE (7.3) Unit & Activity Question Number Question Answer 7.3 1 Give the name of the journal in which statements of opposing views were published in 1991-2 English Today 7.3 2 What English word can you use for a statement made by someone of the highest reputation ? Authoritative 7.3 3 Braj Kachru was the author of one of the two papers .Who was the author of the other ? (Sir Randolph ) Quirk 7.3 4 Did these two distinguished scholars take the same view or different views of the topic? Different 7.3 5 The term Liberation Linguistics is associated with only one of these two authors .Which author ? (Braj) Kachru 7.3 6 The Quirk view the term Standard English should be applied only to two varieties of English – British English is one. What is the other ? American English 7.3 7 Which of these two writers holds the view that teachers should correct anything (Sir Randolph)

students write which differs from Quirk Standard British or Standard American English What term,applied to Linguistics camries with it the meaning of friendly towards 73 8 local traditions and customs? Liberation What term used by Kachru to describe the 7.3 9 views he disagrees with,is associated with educational failure Deficit At present Standard British and American (B可Kachru 73 10 English enjoy more prestige than other varicties.One of these authors would prefer to see this change .Which one UNIT SEVEN ACTIVITY FOUR(7-4) Unit& Question Activity Number Question Answer Is there a straightforward answer in 74 conclusion to the academic debate which No is the subject of Activity 3 One group of people mentioned here are 74 2 obliged to come to a conclusion on Policy makers which they are able to act.What group? What characteristic of languages 7.4 3 results in change of many kinds- including the development of pidgins, Creativity creoles and new Englishes Give one English word used to 74 descrbe the fact that the rules of New Englishes and the languages Unstable themselves,change rapidly and are not fully described What is meant by the opportniny cost of the time you need 7.4 studying a language is not available for other uses 74 6 Mr Svensen mentions one reason why he -and many of his countrymen are Not many people motivated to leam English to a good outside Norway standard What is it spcak Norwegian 74 7 Does the fact that Mr Svensen's English is very good indeed mean that he could be mistaken for a native speaker No 74 8 Does Steven think that this is something Mr Svensen should make every effort to No change？ 74 9 Is the process of learing additional languages similar to or different from the process of leaming your mother tongue Different 74 10 Several reasons are given why children 7

7 students write which differs from Standard British or Standard American English ? Quirk 7.3 8 What term , applied to Linguistics carries with it the meaning of friendly towards local traditions and customs? Liberation 7.3 9 What term used by Kachru to describe the views he disagrees with , is associated with educational failure ? Deficit 7.3 10 At present Standard British and American English enjoy more prestige than other varieties . One of these authors would prefer to see this change .Which one (Braj )Kachru UNIT SEVEN ACTIVITY FOUR (7-4) Unit & Activity Question Number Question Answer 7.4 1 Is there a straightforward answer in conclusion to the academic debate which is the subject of Activity 3 No 7.4 2 One group of people mentioned here are obliged to come to a conclusion on which they are able to act .What group? Policy makers 7.4 3 What characteristic of languages results in change of many kinds – including the development of pidgins , creoles and new Englishes ? Creativity 7.4 4 Give one English word used to describe the fact that the rules of New Englishes and the languages themselves , change rapidly and are not fully described Unstable 7.4 5 What is meant by the opportunity cost of studying a language ? the time you need is not available for other uses . 7.4 6 Mr Svensen mentions one reason why he – and many of his countrymen are motivated to learn English to a good standard What is it ? Not many people outside Norway speak Norwegian 7.4 7 Does the fact that Mr Svensen’s English is very good indeed mean that he could be mistaken for a native speaker ? No 7.4 8 Does Steven think that this is something Mr Svensen should make every effort to change ? No 7.4 9 Is the process of learning additional languages similar to or different from the process of learning your mother tongue ? Different 7.4 10 Several reasons are given why children

should eam their mother tongue Either-they may without the effort of study-they have be genetically plenty of time,adults respond in programmed to uncritical ways. leam,or they get Can you give one other reason plenty of repetition. UNIT EIGHT(8.1) Unit Question Question Answer Activity Number Is the world warming literally or Literally 81 metaphorically? 2 Is the world shrinking literally or Metaphorically 81 metaphorically 3 How long did it take Marco Polo to travel More than three 81 from Europe to Beijing and back again years 4 How long does the joumey take from About 9 hours Amsterdam to Beijing by a scheduled 8.1 flight？ 5 What is the title of the book in English Around the 8.1 which Song Qin has just read and which World in 80 the group talk about Days 81 6 Name the author of the book ules Veme The book is the story of a joumey .When In the 19th 81 was the joumey made? cenhary (published 1876) 8 In this Unit you read another story,about The Tower of 81 the building of a tower.What was the name Babel of the Tower? What does the word Babel.or babble) A loud confused 81 9 mean in present-day English noise. It seems as if the story is mean to explain The fact that &.l 10 something that people had noticed and people don't been puzzled by.What was it nommally understand languages spoken by foreigners. UNITEIGHTACTIVITY TWO(8.2) Unit Question Question Answer Activit Number At the start of this Activity there is talk of That English is 82 a debate.What is the motion to be debated?the language best suited to

8 should earn their mother tongue without the effort of study – they have plenty of time , adults respond in uncritical ways. Can you give one other reason ? Either – they may be genetically programmed to learn , or they get plenty of repetition. UNIT EIGHT(8.1) Unit & Activity Question Number Question Answer 8.1 1 Is the world warming literally or metaphorically? Literally 8.1 2 Is the world shrinking literally or metaphorically Metaphorically 8.1 3 How long did it take Marco Polo to travel from Europe to Beijing and back again ? More than three years 8.1 4 How long does the journey take from Amsterdam to Beijing by a scheduled flight ? About 9 hours 8.1 5 What is the title of the book in English which Song Qin has just read and which the group talk about ? Around the World in 80 Days 8.1 6 Name the author of the book ules Verne 8.1 7 The book is the story of a journey .When was the journey made? In the19th century ( published 1876 ) 8.1 8 In this Unit you read another story, about the building of a tower .What was the name of the Tower? The Tower of Babel 8.1 9 What does the word Babel, ( or babble) mean in present-day English ? A loud confused noise. 8.1 10 It seems as if the story is mean to explain something that people had noticed and been puzzled by. What was it ? The fact that people don’t normally understand languages spoken by foreigners. UNIT EIGHT ACTIVITY TWO(8.2) Unit & Activit y Question Number Question Answer 8.2 1 At the start of this Activity there is talk of a debate .What is the motion to be debated? That English is the language best suited to

intemational use Wing Ling is going to argue for the That English is 82 23 motion.What is she going to sary easy to learn 82 She knows what the speakers who oppose That English her will say.What is it dominates for historical reasons. Steven explains an English expression that 82 4 means you have been unlucky and you have You have drawn been chosen for an especially difficult job the short straw! What is it In arguing that English gives you access 82 to a superb literature Li Yan mentions ho Shakespeare and very famous English authors Who are they Milton When you speak in a debate do you have to 82 6 be convinced of the rightness of'what you Not necessanly say Why,according to Mr.Svensen,did the They saw 82 》 goverment of the Philippines attempt to English as a establish Pilipino as the national language? threat to national identity What was the unexpected difficulty they Economic: 82 8 met English made people employable overseas 82 9 What does Mrs.Clarke mean by Franglais A mixture of French and English 82 10 Can you quote the phrase people use when Cultural they criticise the spread of the culture and imperialism values that go with English UNITEIGHTACTIVITY THREE Unit& Question Question Answer Activity Number Can you quote a French word which is use 83 1 din English to mean the whole range of Repertoire languages and dialects controlled by an individual？ Do all the languages controlled by a speaker 83 2 have the same kind of'prestige No If someone includes a language or a dialect 83 3 in his or her repertoire,does that mean that they can read,write,speak and understand Not always it? 83 Can you give a less formal English A quick ear expression meaning "a good auditory memory？ 9

9 international use 8.2 2 Wing Ling is going to argue for the motion .What is she going to say ? That English is easy to learn 8.2 3 She knows what the speakers who oppose her will say. What is it ? That English dominates for historical reasons . 8.2 4 Steven explains an English expression that means you have been unlucky and you have been chosen for an especially difficult job ! What is it ? You have drawn the short straw! 8.2 5 In arguing that English gives you access to a superb literature , Li Yan mentions two very famous English authors Who are they ? Shakespeare and Milton 8.2 6 When you speak in a debate do you have to be convinced of the rightness of what you say ? Not necessarily 8.2 7 Why , according to Mr. Svensen , did the government of the Philippines attempt to establish Pilipino as the national language? They saw English as a threat to national identity 8.2 8 What was the unexpected difficulty they met ? Economic: English made people employable overseas 8.2 9 What does Mrs. Clarke mean by Franglais ? A mixture of French and English 8.2 10 Can you quote the phrase people use when they criticise the spread of the culture and values that go with English ? Cultural imperialism UNIT EIGHT ACTIVITY THREE Unit & Activity Question Number Question Answer 8.3 1 Can you quote a French word which is use din English to mean the whole range of languages and dialects controlled by an individual ? Repertoire 8.3 2 Do all the languages controlled by a speaker have the same kind of prestige ? No 8.3 3 If someone includes a language or a dialect in his or her repertoire , does that mean that they can read, write , speak and understand it ? Not always 8.3 4 Can you give a less formal English expression meaning “a good auditory memory”? A quick ear

83 Ifyou have a good auditory memory.what Pronunciation aspect of language leamning are you likely to be good at and find fairly easy? What leamers can -if they have the 83 6 information they need-decide for themselves what their language leaming targets should be? Adult leamers Who has to make the decision on behalf of People 83 7 young leamers responsible for ed ucational policy-making According to Professor Guide what sort o About how and 83 8 decision-making is typically done by when to teachers？ present.revise and test language What sort of English study is Professor 83 9 Guide defending in this conversation- prescriptive,descriptive or productive Descriptive In Professor Guide'sopinion,should people Yes-if they 83 o who have little opportunity of intemational harve travel spend time studying English intemnational interests UNITEIGHTACTIVITY FOUR(8.4) Unit& Question Question Answer Activity Number What is the most important factor in deciding Your teacher 8.4 1 what sort of English accent you have (or teaching materials） Should an advanced leamer of English feel 84 2 he or she has failed ifhe would never be No mistaken for a native speaker 8.4 3 What is meant by saying that an advanced You can leam leamer can use English as a leamning using books med ium? and materials in English 8.4 Can you give one technical word which Idiolect means the language that is unique and special to you 8.4 Language,as you know is constantly in Yes process of change Is that true also of your individual language If you are going to do well in an exam hat is Detailed recall 8.4 6 based on a book,you need the overall view of what it is about What else do you need? Professor Guide mentions three sorts of Multiple choice 8.4 7 exam question-essays and short tests answers What is the third? 10

10 8.3 5 If you have a good auditory memory , what aspect of language learning are you likely to be good at and find fairly easy? Pronunciation 8.3 6 What learners can – if they have the information they need – decide for themselves what their language learning targets should be? Adult learners 8.3 7 Who has to make the decision on behalf of young learners ? People responsible for educational policy-making 8.3 8 According to Professor Guide what sort o decision –making is typically done by teachers ? About how and when to present , revise and test language 8.3 9 What sort of English study is Professor Guide defending in this conversation – prescriptive, descriptive or productive ? Descriptive 8.3 10 In Professor Guide’s opinion, should people who have little opportunity of international travel spend time studying English ? Yes – if they have international interests UNIT EIGHT ACTIVITY FOUR(8.4) Unit & Activity Question Number Question Answer 8.4 1 What is the most important factor in deciding what sort of English accent you have ? Your teacher (or teaching materials ) 8.4 2 Should an advanced learner of English feel he or she has failed if he would never be mistaken for a native speaker ? No 8.4 3 What is meant by saying that an advanced learner can use English as a learning medium? You can learn using books and materials in English 8.4 4 Can you give one ( technical ) word which means the language that is unique and special to you Idiolect 8.4 5 Language , as you know is constantly in process of change .Is that true also of your individual language ? Yes 8.4 6 If you are going to do well in an exam hat is based on a book, you need the overall view of what it is about .What else do you need? Detailed recall 8.4 7 Professor Guide mentions three sorts of exam question – essays , and short answers .What is the third? Multiple choice tests