Section 4.Tablets
Section 4. Tablets
Overview >Introduction >Commonly used excipients >Preparation of tablets >Tablet coatings >Tablet quality control
Overview ➢Introduction ➢Commonly used excipients ➢Preparation of tablets ➢Tablet coatings ➢Tablet quality control
Introductions Definitions:tablets may be defined as unit forms of solid medicaments prepared by compaction. Tablets are the most common dosage form. low cost of manufacture,package,shipment, increased stability,virtual tamper resistance self-administered more profitable to manufacture than parenteral dosage form The most common types of tablets are those intended to be swallowed whole and then disintegrate and release their medicaments in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). These medicinal substances include extracts of medicinal substances and fine powder of medicinal substances
Introductions • Definitions: tablets may be defined as unit forms of solid medicaments prepared by compaction. • Tablets are the most common dosage form. - low cost of manufacture，package，shipment， increased stability，virtual tamper resistance - self-administered ，more profitable to manufacture than parenteral dosage form • The most common types of tablets are those intended to be swallowed whole and then disintegrate and release their medicaments in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). • These medicinal substances include extracts of medicinal substances and fine powder of medicinal substances
Types of Tablets 。Compressed tablets Coated tablets Sugar coated -Film Coated:Most popular coating method. Enteric Coated Chewable tablets:is often used when absorption from the buccal cavity is desired or to enhance dispersion prior to swallowing.For example:Multivitamins,Vitamin C Chewable Tablets. Effervescent:their main advantages include rapid release of drug and minimization of gastric irritation
Types of Tablets • Compressed tablets • Coated tablets – Sugar coated – Film Coated: Most popular coating method. – Enteric Coated • Chewable tablets: is often used when absorption from the buccal cavity is desired or to enhance dispersion prior to swallowing. For example:Multivitamins, Vitamin C Chewable Tablets. • Effervescent: their main advantages include rapid release of drug and minimization of gastric irritation
Types of Tablets (cont.) 。 Multilayered:mainly used for incompatible substances. Dispersible tablets:is formulated to allow dissolution or dispersion in water prior to administration. Sublingual:are designed to be placed under the tongue and rapidly release drug into the blood-stream. Often desirable Buccal tablets:are designed to be placed between the teeth for drugs and gum and rapidly release drug into the blood-stream. liable to Implant tablets:inserted into body tissues by surgical extensive procedures. hepatic Solution tablets:for this type of tablet all ingredients metabolism should be soluble. by the first- Sustained and controlled release tablets-to be covered in pass effect future lectures
Types of Tablets (cont.) • Multilayered: mainly used for incompatible substances. • Dispersible tablets: is formulated to allow dissolution or dispersion in water prior to administration. • Sublingual: are designed to be placed under the tongue and rapidly release drug into the blood-stream. • Buccal tablets: are designed to be placed between the teeth and gum and rapidly release drug into the blood-stream. • Implant tablets: inserted into body tissues by surgical procedures. • Solution tablets: for this type of tablet all ingredients should be soluble. • Sustained and controlled release tablets- to be covered in future lectures. Often desirable for drugs liable to extensive hepatic metabolism by the firstpass effect
Advantages of tablets It enables an accurate dosage of medicament to be administered simply. It is easy to transport in bulk and carry by the patient. Usually more stable than liquid preparations. The release rate of the drug from a tablet can be tailored to meet pharmacological requirements. Tablets can be mass produced simply and quickly and the resultant manufacturing cost is therefore very much lower when compared with other dosage forms. The dissolution and bioavailability of most tablets are better than those of pills
Advantages of tablets • It enables an accurate dosage of medicament to be administered simply. • It is easy to transport in bulk and carry by the patient. • Usually more stable than liquid preparations. • The release rate of the drug from a tablet can be tailored to meet pharmacological requirements. • Tablets can be mass produced simply and quickly and the resultant manufacturing cost is therefore very much lower when compared with other dosage forms. • The dissolution and bioavailability of most tablets are better than those of pills
Disadvantages of Tablets Swallowing:Children and comatose patients may not swallow tablets Volatile components in tablets may be lost during the long periods of storage Formulation difficulties: Some drugs have poor oral bioavailability or poor water solubility Some drugs have an irritant effect on the GI tract when taken orally
Disadvantages of Tablets • Swallowing:Children and comatose patients may not swallow tablets • Volatile components in tablets may be lost during the long periods of storage • Formulation difficulties: • Some drugs have poor oral bioavailability or poor water solubility • Some drugs have an irritant effect on the GI tract when taken orally
What is a good tablet?(Quality requirement) Appropriate hardness Appealing appearance 。Accurate dose Uniformity (weight,amount of active,coating thickness,etc.):especially for small dosage drugs Appropriate disintegration and dissolution Stability of the drug ("the active") Masking of taste,odour Production is economically sound
What is a good tablet? ( Quality requirement) • Appropriate hardness • Appealing appearance • Accurate dose • Uniformity (weight, amount of active, coating thickness, etc.): especially for small dosage drugs • Appropriate disintegration and dissolution • Stability of the drug ("the active") • Masking of taste, odour • Production is economically sound
Tablet excipients
Tablet excipients
Tablet excipients Definitions:Excipients are components of tablets that have a role other than the therapeutic effect. The International Pharmaceutical Excipients Council (IPEC)lists general categories of excipients: Fillers (diluents) Binders and moistening agents -Disintegrants Lubricants Flavoring agents Film formers -Printing inks Opacifiers
Tablet excipients • Definitions: Excipients are components of tablets that have a role other than the therapeutic effect. • The International Pharmaceutical Excipients Council (IPEC) lists general categories of excipients: – Fillers (diluents) – Binders and moistening agents – Disintegrants – Lubricants – Flavoring agents – Film formers – Printing inks – Opacifiers