习题解答 第一章向量代数 习题1-1 1.如图,已知平行六面体ABCD-A1B1CD,E、F分别是棱BC、CD1的中点.设A店=a, 而=万AA=亡.试用云,万,亡表示下列向量 (1)AC:(2)BD:(3)A正:(4E. 解:()因为 BC=AD.CC=AA.AC=AB+BC+CCi. 所以 A可=a+万+元 (2因为可=面+D可,而 BD=AD-AB=-DD:=AA. 所以 BD=6-元+元 (3)A正=AD+DD+D正,而 D=4, F-号DG=5a孤, 所以 菲-云+可+己 (④EF-A正-A正=A正-(A店+B)=A-(4店+B)=A正-(A店+号C)=分云+ 万+元-可-号万=-石+号万+元 6 第1题图 第31)题图 2.要使下列各式成立向量云,应满足什么条件? (1)1a+b1=1a1+161 (2)1a+1=|a1-6 (3)1a-1=a1- (4a-1=1a1+6 解(1)利用三角形两边之和大于第三边”可知下.且要使云+1-1+1必须:云 与同向,或a,中至少有一为0 1…
1–1 1. , ABCD−A1B1C1D1, E F BC C1D1 . −→AB = −→a , −→AD = −→b , −−→AA1 = −→c . −→a , −→b , −→c : (1) −−→AC1; (2) −−→BD1; (3) −→AF; (4) −→EF. : (1) !" −→BC = −→AD, −−→CC1 = −−→AA1, −−→AC1 = −→AB + −→BC + −−→CC1, #$ −−→AC1 = −→a + −→b + −→c . (2) !" −−→BD1 = −→BD + −−→DD1, % −→BD = −→AD − −→AB = −→b − −→a , −−→DD1 = −−→AA1. #$ −−→BD1 = −→b − −→a + −→c . (3) −→AF = −→AD + −−→DD1 + −−→D1F, % −−→DD1 = −−→AA1, −−→D1F = 1 2 −−−→ D1C1 = 1 2 −→AB, #$ −→AF = 1 2 −→a + −→b + −→c . (4) −→EF = −→AF − −→AE = −→AF − ( −→AB + −→BE) = −→AF − ( −→AB + −→BE) = −→AF − ³−→AB + 1 2 −→BC´ = 1 2 −→a + −→b + −→c − −→a − 1 2 −→b = − 1 2 −→a + 1 2 −→b + −→c . uuu uuu uuu !:F ' v . } / ' . > > ? > 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ? ? > ? > ? > ? 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 n / n / n / n / o / n / n / n / o / n / n / n / C C C C C D C C C C C C D C C P P P P P P P P A B D C A1 B1 D1 C1 F E −→a −→c −→b 1 o n o o n o o n o o n o o n o o n (uuuuuuuu ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( D ?/ 0 ;: EF g c v u −→b − −→a −→b −→a 3(1) 2. &'()*+, −→a , −→b ,-./012? (1) | −→a + −→b | = | −→a | + | −→b |; (2) | −→a + −→b | = | −→a | − |−→b |; (3) | −→a − −→b | = | −→a | − |−→b |; (4) | −→a − −→b | = | −→a | + | −→b |. : (1) 3“456789:;: −→a //−→b . ?&' | −→a + −→b | = | −→a | + | −→b | @A: −→a B −→b C, D −→a , −→b EFGH" 0. · 1 ·